Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “COMMUNICATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Public communication, risk perception, and the viability of preventive vaccination against communicable diseases.

Because of the nature of preventive vaccination programs, the viability of these public health interventions is particularly susceptible to public perceptions. This is because vaccination relies on a concept of 'herd immunity', achievement of which requires rational public behavior that can only be obtained through full and accurate communication about risks and benefits. This paper describes how irrational behavior that threatens the effectiveness of vaccination programs--both in crisis and non-crisis situations--can be tied to public perceptions created by media portrayals of health risks. I concentrate on childhood vaccination as an exemplar of 'non-crisis' preventive vaccination, and on the recent flu vaccine shortage as a 'crisis' situation. The paper concludes with an examination of the steps necessary to resolve these threats through better public communication.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Remediation of communication problems through facilitated communication training: a case study.

Facilitated communication training (FCT) is an educational technique intended to allow people who cannot speak or sign fluently to develop the hand skills necessary to use other non-speech communication strategies. It involves support to the arm, wrist or hand of the student, who is thus enabled to control his pointing, and has recently been the subject of considerable debate. Critics of the technique have cast doubt on the existence of any language problem remediable by touch. This study discusses the case of a person who had a language problem that did not appear to be connected with overt neuromotor impairment, was not accompanied by behavioural disturbance, and was remediable by touch alone. The case raises some interesting questions about the relation of physical prompts to language use.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Concomitants of success in acquiring an augmentative communication system: changes in attention, communication, and sociability.

Evidence was presented that successful participation in augmentative communication intervention can foster developmental changes that extend beyond the targeted effect. Ten persons with severe mental retardation were assigned in matched pairs to a lexigram condition (graphic symbols) or a control condition (social stimulation). A coding system, developed to assess pre- versus postintervention performance in four domains, was applied to videotapes of each subject in dyadic interaction. The 3 subjects who successfully acquired lexigrams exhibited changes in attention, intentional communication, and sociability; the other subjects improved only in sociability. Supporting results were obtained using an abbreviated coding system. Application of the coding systems to additional subject populations and interventions would clarify how broadly the results generalize.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Downregulation of cell-to-cell communication by the viral src gene is blocked by TMB-8 and recovery of communication is blocked by vanadate.

The viral src gene downregulates junctional communication, closing cell-to-cell membrane channels presumably by way of the phosphoinositide signal route. We show that TMB-8 [8-N, N-(diethylamino) octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate] counteracts this downregulation in cells transformed by temperature-sensitive mutant Rous sarcoma virus: TMB-8 (36-72 microM) raises junctional permeability when applied during activity of src protein kinase, i.e., at steady permissive temperature; and TMB-8 inhibits the fall of junctional permeability, when the activity of src protein kinase gets turned on. TMB-8 also (reversibly) inhibits the growth of the cells at permissive temperature and reverses the morphological changes associated with transformation. The morphological reversal lags several hours behind the junctional-permeability reversal. Communication recovers within a few minutes when the activity of the src protein kinase is turned off (in absence of TMB-8). Sodium orthovanadate (20 microM) prevents this recovery, but it has no major effect on junctional permeability on its own. We discuss possible modes of action of these agents on critical stages of the signal route, related to intracellular Ca2+ and protein kinase C.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Evolution of a filmless digital imaging and communications in medicine-conformant picture archiving and communications system: design issues and lessons learned over the last 3 years.

This presentation describes our experience and lessons learned over the first 3 years of developing and operating a filmless picture archiving and communications system (PACS) for all computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine studies in our hospital. The PACS conforms to the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard and includes a sophisticated Worldwide Web (WWW)-based interface to complement the regular DICOM services. The PACS has undergone many design modifications from its inception, which have addressed performance, functionality, support, and maintenance issues. The lessons we have learned through making these modifications are described here and may prove to be helpful to anyone planning to deploy a PACS of their own.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experiments on the quick-relief medical communications via the Japan's domestic communication satellite CS-2 for the case of disasters and emergencies.

Experiments on the quick-relief medical communications via the CS-2 satellite were carried out by using two types of 30/20 GHz small transportable earth stations whose antenna diameters are 1 and 2 m. As the terminal equipments, FM-SCPC systems with a one-telephone-equivalent channel were prepared for the transmission of voice, color freezed picture (9.6 kbps), supersonic echo signal and heart sound from a electrocardiograph. Signals from various medical equipments were transmitted by an FM-SCPC system from Simizu harbour (1 m station) to Tokyo transportable station (2 m), assuming that a person was injured in the ship and the ship came alongside the pier. Transmitted materials are mainly various kinds of pictures of affected parts, X-ray films and electrocardiograph with breathing sounds. It was found possible to send various medical information mentioned above via CS-2 by the 30/20 GHz simple communication systems with one-telephone-equivalent channel. Doctors suggested it would be possible to judge very well about the patients' emergency conditions and to give quick consult with inevitable treatment procedures for them. However, a few problems were found in the Hi-Fi reproduction of original colors and in the transmission of heart sounds in the very low frequency band less than 300 Hz.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMed2003

Interaction analysis of physician-patient communication: the influence of trait anxiety on communication and outcome.

Little attention has been paid to how patients' personality traits interfere with the communication and the outcome of physician-patient interaction. We performed an experimental study with students with high and low trait anxiety as patients. One physician conducted a single consultation with 41 students applying two beforehand-specified consultation styles. Patients completed questionnaires concerning emotional state and satisfaction. The actual content of the consultations was analyzed by Roter interaction analysis system (RIAS). The physician gave more biomedical information to low-anxiety students than high-anxiety students. Students who provided a lot of biomedical information themselves were less tense after the consultation. However, students with high anxiety were more dependent on the physician actively asking biomedical questions for them to be able to deliver that same information. In contrast to low-anxiety students, those with high anxiety were less satisfied after consultations involving many psychosocial questions posed by the physician and a good deal of emotional talk on their own part. Compared to low-anxiety students, students with high anxiety were less satisfied and tenser after consultations with much positive emotional talk on the part of the physician. We conclude that physicians and educators should be aware that psychological and emotional communication may be experienced as intrusive and inappropriate by patients with high trait anxiety when they present minor somatic problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Public health, communicable diseases, and managed care: Will managed care improve or weaken communicable disease control?

BACKGROUND: Several changes can be anticipated in the practice of communicable disease control as a result of the health care delivery system's transition from a predominantly fee-for-service system to a predominantly managed care system. These changes will clearly involve clinical services provided by public health agencies, such as immunizations and diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases, as well as those that do not involve direct patient care, such as public health surveillance, disease investigation, outbreak control, contact tracing, public health laboratory services, and health education. METHODS: In this paper I review the potential impact of managed care on each of these areas of communicable disease control and suggest strategies for minimizing adverse effects and maximizing potential areas of cooperation. RESULTS: Examples of successful strategies include California's Medi-Cal managed care expansion, which allows local public health agencies to bill managed care organizations for the sexually transmitted disease, immunization, and confidential HIV services they provide to managed care beneficiaries. A different strategy is illustrated by the Pacific Business Group on Health, an employer-based purchasing group, that uses purchasing power to standardize the clinical preventive services benefit across all plans with which it contracts and to promote immunization goals. CONCLUSION: This analysis and these examples suggest that the emergence of managed care as the predominant form of health care financing and delivery in the United States offers an important opportunity for public health.

California↗
PubMed2001

Parent and teacher report of pragmatic aspects of communication: use of the children's communication checklist in a clinical setting.

The Children's Communication Checklist (CCC) was developed to provide an objective assessment of pragmatic aspects of children's communication difficulties. We aimed to (1) see whether the checklist provided valid and reliable information when completed by parents, and (2) consider its usefulness in a clinical context. Checklists were completed by parents and a professional who knew the child well for all 5 to 17-year-old referrals to a tertiary developmental paediatrics centre over a 31-month period. Children who were not yet speaking in sentences were excluded. From a sample of 151 children (81% male; mean age 8.7 years) with pervasive or specific developmental disorders, valid checklists were completed by 119 parents and 93 professionals. Reliability, as measured by internal consistency, was 0.7 or higher for most scales. Correlations between ratings for parents and professionals were in the range of 0.30 to 0.58 for individual pragmatic scales, with a correlation of 0.46 (n=82) for the pragmatic composite. For both parents and professionals, the pragmatic composite was lowest for children with a diagnosis of autism; intermediate for those with a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified or attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); and highest for those with a diagnosis of specific learning disability. The strongest relation between the pragmatic composite and diagnosis was seen when ratings from parents and professionals were combined. Differences between diagnostic groups were not explicable in terms of age or verbal IQ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Communication aids for the speech impaired. Cost and quality-of-life outcomes of assessment programs provided by specialist Communication Aids Centers in the United Kingdom.

An evaluation was conducted of the approaches, costs, and quality-of-life outcomes associated with communication aid assessment programs for the speech-impaired provided by specialist Communication Aids Centres (CACs) in the United Kingdom. The average costs of CAC assessment programs was 410 pounds per client, which is not excessive. There was evidence of moderate quality-of-life benefits from clients' use of the recommended aids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Brief report: increasing communication skills for an elementary-aged student with autism using the Picture Exchange Communication System.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on the spontaneous communication skills of a 6-year-old girl with autism across her home and school environments. The effects of the PECS were also examined for social interaction. Results indicated increases in spontaneous language (i.e., requests and comments) including use of the icons and verbalizations across those settings in which PECS was implemented. Intelligible verbalizations increased in two of three settings, and changes in peer social interaction were noted in one of the two school settings.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2005

Empowering general practitioners in nutrition communication: individual-based nutrition communication strategies in Croatia.

BACKGROUND: There are a number of factors influencing individual food habits and the prerequisite for effective national strategy development is reorganization of factors aggravating or facilitating this dynamic process. AIMS: The aims of this paper are to present a Croatian contextual framework influencing individual-based nutrition communication strategies and to identify important factors by general practitioners (GPs) and population. METHODS: Two Croatian surveys are presented. The first one was carried out among GPs (random 425 GPs, all with office on lease) and the second on an adult population in Croatia (random 9060 respondents) answering the question: 'In the past year, has anyone advised you to change your behaviour?' RESULTS: The Croatian case studies showed that GPs considered smoking and alcohol as more important public health issues than unbalanced nutrition and physical activity. GPs also recognized their role in individual work with patients in secondary and tertiary prevention, less in primary prevention or work with groups and the community. Among the obstacles in individual-based communication in daily work, they reported lack of time, lack of incentives, lack of knowledge and lack of family approach in nutrition consultation. They were more likely to advise the elderly, those with lower education, unemployed, overweight, those who lived alone and those who visited GP's office regularly. Differences in respondents' answers are determined by education and workplace.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Brain-computer communication: self-regulation of slow cortical potentials for verbal communication.

OBJECTIVE: To test a training procedure designed to enable severely paralyzed patients to communicate by means of self-regulation of slow cortical potentials. DESIGN: Application of the Thought Translation Device to evaluate the procedure in patients with late-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). SETTING: Training sessions in the patients' homes. PARTICIPANTS: Two male patients with late-stage ALS. INTERVENTIONS: Patients learned voluntary control of their slow cortical potentials by means of an interface between the brain and a computer. Training was based on visual feedback of slow cortical potentials shifts and operant learning principles. The learning process was divided into small steps of increasing difficulty. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Accuracy of self-control of slow cortical potentials (percentage of correct responses). Learning progress calculated as a function of training session. RESULTS: Within 3 to 8 weeks, both patients learned to self-regulate their slow cortical potentials and to use this skill to select letters or words in the Language Support Program. CONCLUSIONS: This training schedule is the first to enable severely paralyzed patients to communicate without any voluntary muscle control by using self-regulation of an electroencephalogram potential only. The protocol could be a model for training patients in other brain-computer interface techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Integration of the digital imaging and communications in medicine standard into an oral and maxillofacial image management and communication system.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to provide developmental information about digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) support applications for an image management and communication system (IMACS). STUDY DESIGN: An oral and maxillofacial radiology IMACS that uses a proprietary image format was implemented in March 1997 in a general hospital dental clinic that supports more than 100 cubicles. DICOM was implemented into this system in 1998. RESULTS: In March 1997, the clinic directly began processing oral and maxillofacial radiographs with digital image acquisition devices or converted them into proprietary digital format with a film digitizer. The digital images could then be viewed at workstations in the 11 different divisions of the department. A DICOM module was implemented to convert proprietary images into DICOM in June 1998. After the release of DICOM Supplement 32 on a digital x-ray, DICOM was implemented into the oral and maxillofacial radiology IMACS with a DICOM server and browser in June 1999. We describe the steps we took to implement this system in our institution with a brief report on the evaluation of this system. CONCLUSION: We implemented a DICOM oral and maxillofacial IMACS that complies with the American College of Radiology and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association Standard DICOM, version 3.0. Most DICOM service classes and roles are supported.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of standardized assessments for cognitive and receptive communication skills in young children with complex communication needs.

This study compared estimates of receptive language development for children with complex communication needs to estimates of related skill domains. Subscores of the Battelle Developmental Inventory were compared with each other and the MacArthur Communication Developmental Inventory for 41 children with severe expressive impairments over a period of 18 months, beginning at ages 12-24 months. Across all ages studied, children with severe expressive impairments had better receptive language scores than expected for either their cognitive or overall developmental age equivalence scores. While receptive language measures were correlated with each other and age, scores for receptive language skills on the MacArthur were consistently more stringent than for the Battelle for this population. Implications for clinical application of these measures for children with expressive impairments are discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Communication interventions and cancer control: a review of the National Cancer Institute's health communication intervention research initiative.

It is evident, based on the description of the projects and on the preliminary reports in this special issue, that this group of studies will help increase understanding about how health communication interventions can be used to promote cancer prevention and control, as well as to reduce the burden of cancer, particularly among those disproportionately affected. The diversity in theoretical approaches and intervention modalities used in these studies also promises to contribute broadly to understanding of the role of communication in health promotion and disease prevention.

Health Education↗
PubMed1990

Communication skills training, communication skills training with family and cognitive behavioral mood management training for alcoholics.

To evaluate three promising social learning approaches to the treatment of alcoholism, 69 male alcoholics in standard inpatient treatment participated in either a communication skills training group (CST), a communication skills training group with family participation (CSTF) or a cognitive behavioral mood management training group (CBMMT). Alcoholics who received CST or CSTF drank significantly less alcohol per drinking day during 6-month follow-up than those in CBMMT. The groups did not differ in abstinence rates or latency to relapse. All groups improved in skill and anxiety on the extensive battery of process measures, including role-play tests of general and alcohol-specific coping skills, but those in CST improved most in skill in alcohol-specific high-risk role plays and in ability to relax after the role plays. Alcoholics' skill, response latency, anxiety and urge to drink during alcohol-specific role plays were highly correlated with treatment outcome, demonstrating the importance of including comprehensive process measures in treatment outcome research. Implications for patient-treatment matching and future research are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

The study of emotional processes in communication: I. Measuring emotionalization in everyday face-to-face communicative interaction.

The drawbacks of traditional research into emotional processes have led us to develop a set of methodologies for investigating them in everyday face-to-face communication. The conceptual basis of these procedures is a model of the eliciting conditions of emotional processes as well as a conceptualization of the emotional processes themselves. On the basis of the assumption of conversation as a rule-governed process, one can describe its default temporal, formal, and functional features, for which we use the MAS EDIT and SEQ programs, and the minimal model of communicative exchange, respectively. Violations of these default rules can be identified as unexpected/temporally unpredictable events eliciting emotionalization. The nature of emotionalization is determined by the psychological principle of "standard and deviation." Its investigation under natural conditions requires the following: A noninvasive method of data acquisition (including procedures for rejecting faulty or missing values), measurement (high-resolution recording of physiological, psychomotor, and vocal variables), and the (nonstatistical) construction of an inventory or "relevant effects" (contrastive and template analysis). Finally, we depict three routes of investigating time courses of activation changes as dependent and independent variables and as a target of modification and reflection.

Affect↗