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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of histamine antagonists on myocardial carcinine metabolism during compound 48/80-induced shock.

Carcinine (beta-alanylhistamine) is an imidazole dipeptide that exists in mammalian hearts, increases cardiac contractility, and is metabolically linked to carnosine (beta-alanylhistidine), a non-mast cell histidine and histamine precursor during stress. We have previously shown that tissue carnosine levels are regulated by H1 and H2 receptors. This study evaluated the effects of H1, H2, and mast cell degranulation blockers on metabolism of carcinine and related imidazoles during shock induced by compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator. Fifty 125-g male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into nine ip treatment groups: saline, 48/80, lodoxamide (LOD, mast cell degranulation inhibitor), diphenhydramine (DPH, H1 antagonist), cimetidine (CIM, H2 antagonist), LOD + 48/80, CIM + 48/80, DPH + 48/80, or DPH + CIM + 48/80. Heart tissue was analyzed at 30 min by HPLC. 48/80 caused decreases in myocardial carnosine (P less than 0.01) and histidine (P less than 0.0001) levels and concomitant increases in carcinine (P less than 0.01), histamine (P less than 0.01), and 3-methylhistamine (P less than 0.05) compared to those of controls. These changes were inhibited by LOD or DPH. Treatment with CIM significantly increased myocardial carcinine levels compared to 48/80 alone (P less than 0.001) without an additional effect on the other compounds. These data indicate that carcinine is involved in the cardiac response to stress via the carnosine-histidine-histamine pathway. Compound 48/80-induced shock increases histamine metabolism via this pathway resulting in mobilization of myocardial carnosine and histidine to carcinine and histamine; this effect is increased by H2 receptor blockade.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of domperidone as a modifier of gamma-radiation-induced emesis.

The D2 antidopaminergic drug domperidone was evaluated, singly and in combination with synthetic adrenocorticoid and an H2 antihistamine, for its ability to reduce the acute emetic effects of 60Co whole-body radiation. Random-source adult male dogs were fasted 12 hr, fed a standard meal, injected 44 min later, and irradiated 47 min after that. Four groups of dogs were irradiated after drug injections as follows: saline (Con), domperidone (Dom), cimetidine + thiethylperazine (Cim + Thi), and dexamethasone + domperidone + cimetidine (Dex + Dom + Cim). Drug quantities given the dogs represented 10 mg Dom, 10 mg Thi, 20 mg Dex, and 300 mg Cim for an average human (70 kg, 1.8 m2). Subjects were exposed on an up-down schedule to determine the radiation necessary to produce vomiting in 50% (ED50) of each group. Emesis onset and offset times and number of episodes were recorded. The Dom group had more emetic episodes than any other. The Dex + Dom + Cim combination significantly raised the emetic threshold while maintaining episodes at a low incidence.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Cytoimmunological monitoring after homograft valve replacement.

Examination results concerning immunological reactions in cryopreserved allograft valves during the early postoperative course are so far not available. Cytoimmunological monitoring (CIM) is a well established method to prove rejection reaction after allograft transplantation and was used in this study. Allograft valves were harvested from patients who underwent heart transplantation, and did not require sterilizing in antibiotic solutions. The valves were dissected, conserved and subsequently frozen to -40 degrees C and stored in a freezing system at -196 degrees C. During the first 3 weeks following allograft implantation, CIM was performed daily. An activation index (AI) was determined from the cytological evaluation of the mononuclear concentrate in the peripheral blood. An increase of the AI > 1 was defined as an immunological reaction. As control we performed 98 CIM examinations in eight patients who underwent bioprosthetic valve replacement in the aortic position. Echocardiography (TTE and TEE) was used postoperatively as function control. Out of 16 patients who underwent cryopreserved aortic valve implantation in the aortic position, 336 CIM-results were obtained. An immunological reaction could be detected in all patients, starting on the 5th day on average. Comparing ABO-compatible (group I, n = 9) with ABO-incompatible (group II, n = 7) allografts, the AI-maximum in group I was 1.4 with a mean duration of 1.5 days. Group II was characterized by more intensive immunoreactions (mean = 2.3) which proved to be even more prolonged (mean = 3.3 days, P < 0.05). Nevertheless it became apparent that all observed immunological events were completely reversible without the need for immunosuppressive drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2005

Dual triggering improves the accuracy of left ventricular volume measurements by contrast-enhanced real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography.

Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiographic continuous imaging (CIM) with contrast underestimates left ventricular (LV) volumes. We studied the effects of dual-triggered (DT) acquisition on the accuracy of LV volume measurements for patients with poor acoustic windows. Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiographic imaging was performed in 20 patients during LV opacification (Definity) on the same day as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Both CIM and DT data were analyzed using custom software to calculate end-systolic volume (ESV) and end-diastolic volume (EDV), which were compared with the cardiac magnetic resonance reference. CIM correlated well with the cardiac magnetic resonance reference (EDV: r = 0.89; ESV: r = 0.93), but underestimated EDV and ESV by 17% and 19%, respectively. In contrast, DT resulted in higher correlation (EDV: r = 0.95; ESV: r = 0.96) and smaller biases (9% and 6%, respectively). In conclusion, because the accuracy of LV volume measurements depends on the acquisition strategy of contrast-enhanced real-time 3-dimensional echocardiographic images, the use of DT instead of the conventional CIM acquisition is recommended.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2005

Incidence and distribution of hybrid goblet cells in complete type intestinal metaplasia of the stomach.

Previous reports suggest that hybrid goblet cells (HGCs) sharing both gastric and intestinal mucin phenotypes are rarely observed in complete intestinal metaplasia (cIM) of the stomach. However, we have made a different observation. Thus, we compared the incidence and distribution of HGCs within the tubules of gastric cIM and the duodenum in order to define the significance of HGCs. Fifteen antral sections and 16 fundic sections from tissue with cIM and gastric cancer, as well as 19 sections from duodenal tissue with cancer of the Papilla of Vater, were stained for human gastric mucin (HGM), Con A, MUC2, CD10, and Ki-67. Multivariate analysis showed that antral location, a distance of 5mm or less from the tumor margin, and the presence of underlying pyloric glands were significant predictive factors for tubules containing >50% HGCs as part of their goblet cell population. The incidence of tubules with HGCs differed significantly in tissue samples from the antrum, body and duodenum. HGCs did not stain for Ki-67 and were not surrounded by gastric foveolar-type epithelium within the tubules of cIM foci. These findings indicate that alterations in the proportion of HGCs may occur under some circumstances, and that HGCs are not precursors to gastric foveolar-type cells in the stomach and duodenum.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Very fast analysis of impurities in immunoglobulin concentrates using conjoint liquid chromatography on short monolithic disks.

Transferrin and albumin are often present in immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrates and are considered as impurities. Therefore, it is important to determine their concentration in order to obtain a well-characterized biological product. Here, we describe their determination based on conjoint liquid chromatography (CLC). The established method combines two different chromatographic modes in one step: affinity and ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) combined in one column. Therefore, two CIM Protein G and one CIM quaternary amine (QA) monolithic disks were placed in series in one housing forming a CLC monolithic column. Binding conditions were optimized in a way that immunoglobulins were captured on the CIM Protein G disks, while transferrin and albumin were bound on the CIM QA disks. Subsequently, transferrin and albumin were eluted separately by a stepwise gradient with sodium chloride, whereas immunoglobulins were released from the Protein G ligands by applying low pH. A complete separation of all three proteins was achieved in less than 5 min. The method permits the quantification of albumin and transferrin in IgG concentrates and has been successfully validated.

Amines↗
PubMed2004

[Evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of patients with dyspepsia in the consulting between internists and general practitioners].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the efficacy of internal medicine consulting (CIM) in primary care (PC) for the care of patients with dyspepsia. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Prospective case-control study of a population of 87,016 inhabitants during a 2 years period. We included patients with dyspepsia (319) jointly attended by a family physician (FP) and consulting internists (CI). The CI went weekly to the primary care center (PCC) to attend patients who would have been referred to the hospital outpatient clinic for specialized care (SC). As control group, 775 patients with dyspepsia were randomly and simultaneously chosen among a total of 29,317 first medical referrals during the period of the study. RESULTS: 5.36% of the consultations for SC were patients with dyspepsia (annual incidence of 183 patients/1,000 inhabitants). We observed a significant reduction in: mean time for SC (26.4 days; 22.4-30.4), mean number of tests per patient ordered by SC (0.77; 0.42-1.12), mean time for patient information on the tests ordered by SC (27.3 days; 18.7-35,9), mean time for the resolution of the process (27.3 days; 18.4-36.2) and rate of specialized follow-up visits (25.2%; 18.5-31.9); p < 0.005 in all cases. The resolution rate of the process (37.2%; 25.7-48.7) and the discharge rate (38.7%; 28.9-48.5) were significantly higher for CIM (p < 0.01 in both cases). The referral rate for SC showed a negative correlation (r = -0.97; p < 0.01) with the quality of the management; this rate related to the type of training, age and years of medical practice of the GPs. Satisfaction of patients with the CIM was very high. CONCLUSIONS: The CIM with PC improves the efficacy of the specialized medical care of patients with dyspepsia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Repeated but not acute clomipramine decreases the effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation on serotonergic transmission between the raphe nuclei and frontal cortex.

The effect of acute or repeated treatment with the antidepressant clomipramine (CIM) on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) evoked changes in extracellular 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the raphe nuclei and frontal cortex of the same rat has been studied using microdialysis. Acute injection of CIM (10 or 20 mg/kg) caused an increase in raphe extracellular 5-HT but did not significantly alter extracellular 5-HT in the frontal cortex. Infusion of 25 microM NMDA into the raphe decreased extracellular 5-HT in this region and increased terminal extracellular 5-HT in the frontal cortex. In contrast, infusion of 100 microM NMDA into the raphe was followed by an increase in local dialysate 5-HT and a decrease in 5-HT release in the cortex. When NMDA infusion, at either 25 or 100 microM was preceded by one acute injection of CIM the effects of NMDA on 5-HT release in both brain structures were generally more marked than in vehicle injected controls. Repeated (15 day) treatment with CIM (10 or 20 mg/kg) caused a dose-dependent increase in basal extracellular 5-HT in both raphe and frontal cortex. In these animals, however, the effects of infusion of both 25 and 100 microM NMDA on 5-HT release in raphe and frontal cortex were greatly attenuated or abolished. This suggests that adaptive functional changes occur in NMDA receptor function during treatment with an antidepressant. The possible significance of this in the aetiology and treatment of depression is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Influence of cimetidine co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of acebutolol enantiomers and its metabolite diacetolol in a rat model: the effect of gastric pH on double-peak phenomena.

Acebutolol (AC) is a chiral beta-adrenergic receptor-blocking agent, which has been shown to be clinically effective in hypertension. The plasma concentration-time profiles of AC exhibit two peaks following oral administration of racemate for both R- and S-enantiomers. In the present study, the absorption of AC after a single dose was studied as a function of gastric pH in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Furthermore, the effect of cimetidine (CIM) on pharmacokinetic parameters of AC and its metabolite diacetolol (DC) was evaluated. CIM (50 mg kg(-1)) was administered via jugular vein 30 min prior to AC administration to elevate the intragastric pH. AC (50 mg kg(-1)) was administered orally by gavage and serial blood samples were collected before and for 8h after AC administration. Plasma samples were assayed for AC and DC, pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated and compared with those of control. The concentration-time profiles and the pharmacokinetics of AC were unchanged after co-administration of CIM. The oral absorption of AC, as assessed by the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the amount of unchanged drug recovered in the urine were not affected by CIM. The amount of metabolite recovered in the urine and the rate of absorption, however, were significantly altered. These are unlikely to be of clinically importance as we have found that the extent of absorption was not changed. We, therefore, concluded that intragastric elevation of pH has no effect either on generation of multiple peaking or on pharmacokinetic parameters of AC.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed2002

Selective vagal afferent dysfunction in dogs with congenital idiopathic megaoesophagus.

Congenital idiopathic megaoesophagus (CIM) is a rare, naturally occurring disorder of the dog that is characterised by deficient motility and dilatation of the oesophagus. Recent studies indicate that the vagal sensory system mediating reflexes induced by oesophageal distension is defective in, and may underlie the pathomechanism of this disorder. We sought to establish whether other distension sensitive vagal afferent systems were impaired in CIM, or whether the vagal afferent dysfunction was selective. Thus, we examined the Hering-Breuer lung inflation reflex (HBR), which is subserved by a contiguous and physiologically similar vagal afferent system, in five dogs with CIM in which oesophageal vagal afferent dysfunction had been demonstrated. At varying levels of lung inflation, we found the HBR to be normally graded and of normal strength in affected dogs and that this result was unlikely to be influenced by other factors known to alter the strength of the reflex. These observations provide evidence for an organ specific, selective vagal afferent dysfunction in dogs with CIM. It is possible that similar processes may be active in disorders of visceral organ systems subserved by vagal afferents in other species, including man.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Non-verbal development of children with deafness with and without cochlear implants.

Deprivation of sensory input affects neurological development. Our objective was to explore clinically the role of hearing in development of sensorimotor integration and non-verbal cognition. The study involved 54 children (15 males, 839 females; 5 to 9 years old) with severe or profound bilateral prelocutive deafness but without neurological or cognitive impairment. Of these, 25 had received an early cochlear implant (CIm). Patients were compared with 40 children with normal hearing. All were given a battery of non-verbal neuropsychological tests and a balance test, and were timed for simple and complex movement of limbs. Deafness, whether treated by CIm or not, resulted in a delay in development of complex motor sequences and balance. Lack of auditory input was also associated with lower, but non-pathological, scores in visual gnoso-praxic tasks and sustained attention. Such differences were not observed in children with CIm. Hearing contributes to clinical development of spatial integration, motor control, and attention. An early CIm enables good verbal development and might also improve non-verbal capacities.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2003

Inferences regarding the numbers and locations of QTLs under multiple-QTL models using interval mapping and composite interval mapping.

This paper examines the properties of likelihood maps generated by interval mapping (IM) and composite interval mapping (CIM), two widely used methods for detecting quantitative trait loci (QTLs). We evaluate the usefulness of interpretations of entire maps, rather than only evaluating summary statistics that consider isolated features of maps. A simulation study was performed in which traits with varying genetic architectures, including 20-40 QTLs per chromosome, were examined with both IM and CIM under different marker densities and sample sizes. IM was found to be an unreliable tool for precise estimation of the number and locations of individual QTLs, although it has greater power for simply detecting the presence of QTLs than CIM. The ability of CIM to resolve the correct number of QTLs and to estimate their locations correctly is good if there are three or fewer QTLs per 100 centiMorgans, but can lead to erroneous inferences for more complex architectures. When the underlying genetic architecture of a trait consists of several QTLs with randomly distributed effects and locations likelihood profiles were often indicative of a few underlying genes of large effect. Studies that have detected more than a few QTLs per chromosome should be interpreted with caution.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Development of ion drift-chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

An ion drift-chemical ionization mass spectrometry (ID-CIMS) technique has been developed to detect and quantify trace gases, including volatile organic compounds and inorganic species. The trace species are chemically ionized into positive or negative product ions with a well-controlled ion-molecule reaction time. The ID-CIMS method allows for quantification of the trace gases without the necessity of performing calibrations with authentic standards for the trace gases. Demonstrations of the ability of ID-CIMS to accurately quantify isoprene and HNO3 in a laboratory setting are presented. The results illustrate that the ID-CIMS technique facilitates detection and quantification of organic and inorganic species in laboratory kinetic investigations and field measurements.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Gas-phase chiral separations by ion mobility spectrometry.

This article introduces the concept of chiral ion mobility spectrometry (CIMS) and presents examples demonstrating the gas-phase separation of enantiomers of a wide range of racemates including pharmaceuticals, amino acids, and carbohydrates. CIMS is similar to traditional ion mobility spectrometry, where gas-phase ions, when subjected to a potential gradient, are separated at atmospheric pressure due to differences in their shapes and sizes. In addition to size and shape, CIMS separates ions based on their stereospecific interaction with a chiral gas. In order to achieve chiral discrimination by CIMS, an asymmetric environment was provided by doping the drift gas with a volatile chiral reagent. In this study (S)-(+)-2-butanol was used as a chiral modifier to demonstrate enantiomeric separations of atenolol, serine, methionine, threonine, methyl alpha-glucopyranoside, glucose, penicillamine, valinol, phenylalanine, and tryptophan from their respective racemic mixtures.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2000

Incidence of chronic myeloproliferative disorders in the city of Göteborg, Sweden 1983-1992.

An estimation of the incidence of polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (CIM) in the city of Göteborg, Sweden during the period 1983-1992 was made from a retrospective case analysis of patients registered as chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD) at the Departments of Medicine and the Department of Pathology of the two major hospitals in the city. A total of 125 cases of PV, 56 males and 69 females were identified. The number of cases as well as the age-specific incidence increased with age. The over all annual gender-specific incidence was 2.69 cases per 10(5) male inhabitants and 3.12 cases per 10(5) female inhabitants. The incidence of PV in relation to the European Standard Population was 2.02 cases per 10(5) inhabitants and year. There were 72 cases, 20 males and 52 females, with ET. The age-specific incidence was in all ages higher for females than for males and increased with age. The annual gender-specific incidence was 0.96 per 10(5) male inhabitants and 2.35 per 10(5) female inhabitants. The incidence of ET in relation to the European Standard Population was 1.28 per 10(5) persons and year. There were 20 cases of CIM, 11 males and 9 females. The annual gender-specific incidence of CIM was 0.53/10(5) male inhabitants and 0.41/10(5) female inhabitants. The incidence of CIM in relation to the European Standard Population was 0.31 per 10(5) persons and year. Seven persons, 2 males and 5 females, had a CMPD that could not be included in any of the above-mentioned groups, but were registered as CMPD, unclassified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Utilization of cytokeratins 7 and 20 does not differentiate between Barrett's esophagus and gastric cardiac intestinal metaplasia.

Long segment Barrett's esophagus (LSBE) is a recognized risk factor for the development of esophageal dysplasia and carcinoma. However, the risk of dysplasia arising within intestinal metaplasia below a normal-appearing Z-line (i.e., in native cardiac mucosa) is unknown. Regular endoscopic surveillance is required in patients with LSBE and is frequently performed in short segment BE (SSBE), but the need for surveillance in cardiac intestinal metaplasia (CIM) is unknown. Unfortunately IM arising in SSBE and immediately below a normal Z-line can be indistinguishable histologically on H&E stains. Previous reports suggest that the appearance of superficial CK20 immunohistochemical staining accompanied by intermediate and deep CK7 positivity is characteristic of BE, whereas CIM specimens show superficial and deep CK20 positivity and weak to absent CK7 staining. We hypothesized that CK7/20 immunostaining of metaplastic biopsies from the esophagus and stomach would allow complete differentiation of these two entities when correlated with the endoscopic appearance. We undertook an evaluation of gastric and esophageal specimens to determine whether these characteristics were valid. Cases of both BE (long and short segment) and CIM, as well as cases of gastric cardiac biopsies lacking IM, were evaluated for CK7 and CK20 and correlated with the endoscopic appearance. We observed that, although the "Barrett's" pattern of CK7/20 was maintained for many cases of BE, the sensitivity and specificity were only moderate (65% and 56%, respectively). The pattern of staining for the CIM was variable, i.e., some cases showed a CK7/20 Barrett's pattern despite a normal appearance at endoscopy. The differences between this and previous studies may be due to inaccurate visualization of SSBE on endoscopy, the development of very early SSBE cases, inter-observer variability, fixation differences, or antibody differences. Whatever the cause of the differences, if results between laboratories are not comparable, CK7/20 immunostaining cannot be used to differentiate reliably between IM present in biopsy specimens taken from above versus below the Z-line. However, further studies should be performed to determine whether the presence or absence of a Barrett's pattern of CK7/20 immunostaining could predict progression to dysplasia or carcinoma.

Barrett Esophagus↗
PubMed2004

Frequent CpG island methylation in precursor lesions and early gastric adenocarcinomas.

Gastric carcinogenesis involves multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic silencing of tumor-related genes due to CpG island methylation (CIM) has been recently reported in gastric cancer, but the role in precursor lesions is not well understood. We analysed the methylation status of the tumor suppressor gene p16, the DNA mismatch repair gene hMLH1, and four CpG islands (MINT1, MINT2, MINT25, and MINT31) using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 35 polypoid adenomas and 46 flat dysplasias unassociated with carcinoma, 34 early adenocarcinomas (T1N0M0) and associated adenomas/dysplasias, and corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa. The extent of CIM was defined by the fraction of methylated loci (methylation index), and compared with previously characterized genetic alterations (microsatellite instability (MSI) and APC gene mutation). We found that methylation of p16 was more frequent in adenocarcinoma-associated dysplasias/adenomas (29%) and adenocarcinomas (44%) as compared to flat dysplasias (4%) and adenomas (18%) unassociated with adenocarcinoma (P=0.001). The mean methylation index increased from normal/chronic gastritis (CG) mucosa (0.09) to intestinal metaplasia (IM) (0.16), flat dysplasias (0.40) or polypoid adenomas (0.41) unassociated with carcinoma, dysplasias/adenomas associated with carcinoma (0.44), and adenocarcinomas (0.44). There was no difference in frequencies of high-level CpG island methylation (CIM-H, methylation index > or =0.5) among flat dysplasias (50%) and polypoid adenomas (51%) unassociated with carcinoma, dysplasias/adenomas associated with adenocarcinoma (47%), and adenocarcinoma (47%). CIM-H was present in 15% of IM, but not in normal/CG mucosa. There was a significant correlation between methylation of hMLH1 and high-level of microsatellite instability (MSI-H): methylation of hMLH1 was present in 71% of MSI-H tumors, but only 8% of MSI-low tumors and 13% of microsatellite-stable tumors (P=0.0001). There was no statistical difference between methylation index and APC mutation. Our results indicate that concurrent promoter methylation is an early and frequent event in gastric tumorigenesis, including both MSI-H and microsatellite-stable neoplasms. Methylation of the p16 gene may contribute to the malignant transformation of gastric precursor lesions.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2002

A novel approach for speciation of airborne chromium by convective-interaction media fast-monolithic chromatography with electrothermal atomic-absorption spectrometric detection.

A new analytical procedure using an anion-exchange separation support based on convective-interaction media (CIM) was developed for the speciation of chromium. The separation of Cr(VI) was performed on a weak anion-exchange CIM diethylamine (DEAE) fast-monolithic chromatographic disc. Buffer A (0.005 mol dm(-3) TRIS-HCl, pH 8.0) and buffer B (buffer A plus 3 mol dm(-3) NH4NO3) were employed in the separation procedure. The separated chromium species were determined 'off-line' by ETAAS in 0.5 cm3 fractions. The applicability of the CIM DEAE-ETAAS procedure was investigated for the determination of airborne Cr(VI) at a plasma cutting workplace. Aerosols were collected on polycarbonate membrane filters of 8 and 0.4 microm pore size (inhalable and respirable aerosols). Alkaline extraction of filters in a heated ultrasonic bath was applied to leach chromium. Good repeatability of measurement (+/-3.0%) of the alkaline extracts was obtained for Cr(VI). The LOD (3s) was found to be 0.30 microg m(-3) Cr(VI), when 0.25 m3 of air was collected on the filter. The validation of the procedure was performed by spiking filters with Cr(VI) and by the analysis of the standard reference material CRM 545, Cr(VI) in welding dust loaded on a filter. Good recoveries for spiked samples (101-102%) and good agreement between Cr(VI) found and the reported certified value for CRM 545 were obtained. The extracts were also analysed by the FPLC-ETAAS technique. Good agreement between two techniques (r2 = 0.9978) confirmed the reliability of the CIM DEAE-ETAAS procedure developed. The main advantage of the procedure lies in the speed of the chromatographic separation (chromatographic run completed in 15 min).

Air Pollutants↗