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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

Insights into phylogenetic relationships of Veronica species (Plantaginaceae) based on comparative chloroplast genomics.

INTRODUCTION: Veronica L. is one of the most species-rich genera in Plantaginaceae and several species have medicinal, horticultural, or ecological value. METHODS: In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of three Veronica species were assembled and annotated using Illumina sequencing data. RESULTS: The plastomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structures, with total lengths of 150,202 bp for Veronica biloba L., 151,159 bp for Veronica ciliata Fisch. and 151,098 bp for Veronica vandellioides Maxim. Each genome contained 130-132 unique genes, including 86-87 protein-coding genes, 36-37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Comparative analyses of 24 Veronica plastomes indicated that the IR/SC junctions were largely conserved, although slight boundary shifts occurred around rps19, ndhF, and ycf1. Forward, palindromic, complement, and reverse repeats were detected, and A/T mononucleotide repeats were the dominant SSR type. Nucleotide diversity analysis identified rpl32-trnL, trnK-rps16, rpl32, ycf1, ndhF, accD, matK, and rpoB as highly variable regions. Phylogenetic analyses recovered Veronica as a well-supported monophyletic lineage and clarified the plastid positions of the three newly sequenced species. Divergence time estimation suggested that the estimation suggested of Veronica was around 14.9 Ma, with V. biloba, V. ciliata and V. vandellioides diverging approximately 3.9 Ma, 0.6 Ma, and 6.9 Ma, respectively. DISCUSSION: Because the analyses were based on plastid genomes, the inferred topology should be interpreted as chloroplast phylogenetic evidence rather than a complete species-history reconstruction. These results provide plastome resources and molecular evidence for taxonomy, species identification, and future evolutionary studies of Veronica.

Plantaginaceae↗
PubMed2002

[The hormone-sensitive adenylyl cyclase system of the ciliate Dileptus anser].

The hormone-sensitive adenylyl cyclase system (AC system) was found and characterized for unicellular eukaryotes--the ciliatae Dileptus anser. It has been first shown that hormones of higher eukaryotes--biogenic amines (adrenalin, isoproterenol and serotonin) and peptide glucagon--stimulate in dose-dependent manner the activity of adenylyl cyclase (AC) of D. anser. The enzymatic activity was stimulated also by guanine nucleotides--GTP and their non-hydrolysable analogue Gpp[NH]p. Stimulating effects of hormones and guanine nucleotides strongly depend on the level of AC basal activity, which is relatively easy to reach (1430 to 3900 pmol cAMP/min per 1 mg of protein). The sensitivity of D. anser AC system to hormones and guanine nucleotides shows the presence of receptor or receptor-related molecules, capable of interacting with the hormone and activating AC through heterotrimeric G-proteins, in ciliatae. On the base of obtained data, a conclusion is made about the similarity of the structural-functional organization of AC systems of D. anser and higher eukaryotes.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1985

[Phototoxic effect of polycyclic aromatic compounds on human fibroblast cultures].

The phototoxic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthrazene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, fluoranthene and perylene, and their relation to the known carcinogenicity of these compounds was examined with human fibroblastic cultures. Using different light filters it could be demonstrated that phototoxic effects on the cell cultures only occur with wave lengths shorter than 400 nm, that is in the longwave UV-region. With wave lengths longer than 400 nm, that is in the visible region of light, no cytotoxic effects could be detected. Irradiated with long-wave UV, the highly cancerogenic compounds benzo(a)pyrene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene proved to be highly cytotoxic, the moderately cancerogenic benzo(a)anthrazene turned out to be distintly cytotoxic, fluoranthene supposed to be not cancerogenic, proved to be only slightly cytotoxic. Perylene that is considered not cancerogenic either, reacted completely indifferent. These results are completely compatible with those obtained earlier with ciliata (unicellular protozoa). They confirm the assumption that the so-called ciliata test (Tetrahymena pyriformis) can be used as a practicable test system to ascertain the carcinogenicity of PAH.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1976

[Balantidium coli infection of the female genitals (author's transl)].

Two cases of therapy-resistant fluorine are reported in which Balantidium coli from the class of the cilia (Ciliophora, Ciliata, Infusoria) was identified. After a personal experiment, the Balantidia must be considered extremely pathogenic. In international literature, no further indication of a ciliata infection of the female genitals was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Helminth ectoparasites of sillaginid fishes (Perciformes: Percoidei) have low species richness.

Just nineteen species of ectoparasitic helminths were found in a survey of over 1,500 individuals of 26 species of sillaginid fishes in the Indo-west Pacific. A twentieth worm is known only from the literature; a twenty-first, also known only from the literature, is considered a doubtful record. Fifteen of the twenty worms are branchial monogeneans, one is a monogenean of the pharyngeal plates, one is an ectoparasitic digenean living under the scales, and three are leeches of the mouth cavity and fins. The most common monogeneans were diplectanids (Diplectanum spp. and Monoplectanum spp.) and microcotylids (Polylabris spp.), each with five recently described or redescribed species. Of the remaining monogeneans, three were extremely rare, and two were uncommon. Pseudobivagina sp. and Polynemicola sp. (Microcotylidae) and Pseudempleurosoma sp. (Ancyrocephalidae) were represented by only a single worm each from three different hosts (Sillago robusta, S. sihama, and S. ingenuua, respectively). The gyrodactylid Gyrodactylus sp. is widespread and was recorded from four species of sillaginids (S. ciliata, S. japonica, S. schomburgkii and S. sihama). Encotyllabe chironemi Robinson (Capsalidae) is recorded for the first time from sillaginids, but only on S. aeolus. Two additional monogeneans are known from sillaginids only in the literature: Dactylogyrus sp. (Dactylogyridae) is known only from cultured S. sihama; the single specimen of Microcotyle sp. (Microcotylidae) recorded from Sillaginodes punctata is probably a contaminant, since the haptor was missing. The generalist trematode Transversotrema licinum Manter (Transversotrematidae) was found for the first time in samples of four species of sillaginids (Sillago analis, S. ingenuua, S. lutea and S. sihama). Three species of piscicolid leeches were encountered: Austrobdella translucens Badham was common on the fins of three large inshore sillaginids (S. ciliata, S. schomburgkii and S. analis); a single specimen of the generalist species Zeylanicobdella arugamensis De Silva was recovered from S. soringa; and specimens of Z. stellata (Moore) infected S. schomburgkii and S. analis. The diversity of host-specific worms in Sillaginidae is low compared with those of some other Indo-west Pacific fishes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The nucleotide sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene from Symbiodinium pilosum, a symbiotic dinoflagellate.

The complete sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene was determined for the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium pilosum. This sequence was compared with sequences from two other dinoflagellates (Prorocentrum micans and Crypthecodinium cohnii), five Apicomplexa, five Ciliata, five other eukaryotes and one archaebacterium. The corresponding structurally conserved regions of the molecule were used to determine which portions of the sequences could be unambiguously aligned. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred from an analysis of distance matrices, where pair-wise distances were determined using a maximum likelihood model for transition and transversion ratios, and from maximum parsimony analysis, with bootstrap resampling. By either analytical approach, the dinoflagellates appear distantly related to prokaryotes, and are most closely related to two of the Apicomplexa, Sarcocystis muris and Theileria annulata. Among the dinoflagellates, C. cohnii was found to be more closely affiliated with the Apicomplexa than either P. micans or S. pilosum.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Evidence for di-peptide uptake in Tetrahymena.

We have established growth conditions in a synthetic nutrient medium in such a way that utilization of free phenylalanine, but not of phenylalanine-containing di-peptides, limits cell multiplication in species of the genus Tetrahymena (Ciliata). These results suggest that these cells take up intact di-peptides.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Spatial analysis of stable isotope data to determine primary sources of nutrition for fish.

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were used to determine the ultimate autotrophic sources supporting production of three commercially important fish species over unvegetated mudflats in a subtropical estuary. Mean isotope values over the whole estuary for fish and autotroph sources were modeled to indicate feasible combinations of sources. Variability in isotope values among nine locations (separated by 3-10 km) was then used as a further test of the likelihood that sources were involved in fish nutrition. A positive spatial correlation between isotope values of a fish species and an autotroph indicates a substantial contribution from the autotroph. Spatial correlations were tested with a newly developed randomization procedure using differences between fish and autotroph values at each location, based on carbon and nitrogen isotopes combined in two-dimensional space. Both whole estuary modeling and spatial analysis showed that seagrass, epiphytic algae and particulate organic matter in the water column, including phytoplankton, are likely contributors to bream (Acanthopagrus australis) nutrition. However, spatial analysis also showed that mangroves were involved (up to 33% contribution), despite a very low contribution from whole estuary modeling. Spatial analysis on sand whiting (Sillago ciliata) demonstrated the importance of two sources, mangroves (up to 25%) and microalgae on the mudflats, considered unimportant based on whole estuary modeling. No spatial correlations were found between winter whiting (Sillago maculata) and autotrophs, either because fish moved among locations or relied on different autotrophs at different locations. Spatial correlations between consumer and source isotope values provide a useful analytical tool for identifying the role of autotrophs in foodwebs, and demonstrated here that both in situ production of microalgae and organic matter from adjacent habitats were important to fish over mudflats.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Ecological implications of parasites in natural Daphnia populations.

In natural host populations, parasitism is considered to be omnipresent and to play an important role in shaping host life history and population dynamics. Here, we study parasitism in natural populations of the zooplankton host Daphnia magna investigating their individual and population level effects during a 2-year field study. Our results revealed a rich and highly prevalent community of parasites, with eight endoparasite species (four microsporidia, one amoeba, two bacteria and one nematode) and six epibionts (belonging to five different taxa: Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyceae, Ciliata, Fungi and Rotifera). Several of the endoparasites were associated with a severe overall fecundity reduction of the hosts, while such effects were not seen for epibionts. In particular, infections by Pasteuria ramosa, White Fat Cell Disease and Flabelliforma magnivora were strongly associated with a reduction in overall D. magna fecundity. Across the sampling period, average population fecundity of D. magna was negatively associated with overall infection intensity and total endoparasite richness. Population density of D. magna was negatively correlated to overall endoparasite prevalence and positively correlated with epibiont richness. Finally, the reduction in host fecundity caused by different parasite species was negatively correlated to both parasite prevalence and the length of the time period during which the parasite persisted in the host population. Consistent with epidemiological models, these results indicate that parasite mediated host damages influence the population dynamics of both hosts and parasites.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Multiple tubulin forms in ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena and Paramecium species.

Tetrahymena and Paramecium species are widely used representatives of the phylum Ciliata. Ciliates are particularly suitable model organisms for studying the functional heterogeneity of tubulins, since they provide a wide range of different microtubular structures in a single cell. Sequencing projects of the genomes of members of these two genera are in progress. Nearly all members of the tubulin superfamily (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon-, eta-, theta-, iota-, and kappa-tubulins) have been identified in Paramecium tetraurelia. In Tetrahymena spp., the functional consequences of different posttranslational tubulin modifications (acetylation, tyrosination and detyrosination, phosphorylation, glutamylation, and glycylation) have been studied by different approaches. These model organisms provide the opportunity to determine the function of tubulins found in ciliates, as well as in humans, but absent in some other model organisms. They also give us an opportunity to explore the mechanisms underlying microtubule diversity. Here we review current knowledge concerning the diversity of microtubular structures, tubulin genes, and posttranslational modifications in Tetrahymena and Paramecium species.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Bensingtonia pseudonaganoensis sp. nov., a novel ballistoconidium-forming yeast species isolated from plant leaves.

Among the basidiomycetous yeasts isolated from plant leaves collected in different regions of China, two ballistoconidium-forming strains were revealed to represent an undescribed species of the genus Bensingtonia by conventional, chemotaxonomic and molecular phylogenetic characterization. Sequence analysis of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domains and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region indicated that the novel species was located in the Agaricostilbum lineage and closely related to Bensingtonia naganoensis and Bensingtonia ciliata, with the former as its closest relative. The name Bensingtonia pseudonaganoensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain: AS 2.2601T = CBS 10121T).

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1978

Cutaneous respiration in seven sea-water teleosts.

The oxygen consumption of excised skin (MO2 is.cut.) and the normal cutaneous oxygen uptake by the skin in situ from the external medium (MO2 ext.cut.) were investigated in seven species of teleosts in normoxic sea water: butterfish (Pholis gunnellus L.), cod (Gadus morhua L.), five-bearded rockling (Ciliata mustela L), shanny (Blennius pholis L.), flounder (Platichthys flesus L.), sole (Solea solea L.) and eel (Anguilla anguilla L.). In the butterfish, cod and rockling, all the oxygen absorbed by the skin is consumed by the skin tissue itself, whereas in the other species there is a net inward transcutaneous oxygen flux. The gain of oxygen through the skin is obtained either by a low MO2is.cut. (shanny, flounder) and/or by high MO2ext.cut. (sole and eel). The blind side of the sole is particularly efficient in oxygen uptake. The results are discussed in relation to the biota of the different species.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Mutagenicity of wood smoke condensates in the Salmonella/microsome assay.

Smoke condensates of woods used for food preservation and aromatization in Nigeria were tested for mutagenic activity using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The woods were: white mangrove (Avicennia nitida), red mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa), mahogany Khaya sp.), abura (Mitragyna ciliata), alstonia (Alstonia boonei) and black afara (Terminalia ivorensis). Cigarette tar was tested for comparison. The condensates induced dose-dependent increases in the number of His+ revertants mainly with S9 mix. With the exception of mahogany and cigarette smoke condensate, the smoke condensates induced more revertants/microgram condensate in TA100 than in TA98. The number of revertants/microgram condensate ranged between 0.04 and 0.9 for the wood smoke condensates and was 0.12 for the cigarette smoke in TA100. The range was between 0.1 and 0.30 for the wood smoke condensates and 0.18 revertants/microgram condensate for cigarette smoke condensate in TA98. Concentrations of 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the condensates were determined namely, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[b]chrysene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene and dibenzo[a,e]pyrene. The condensates contained varying concentrations of the individual PAHs and those with higher concentrations generally showed greater mutagenic activities. However, the order of mutagenic potency in the bacterial strains differed from the order of PAH concentrations, which were lower than the concentrations at which they are reported to induce mutations. When 6 of the PAHs were mixed in the concentrations in which they were found in the individual condensates, the mixtures did not induce mutation so that the contribution of the PAHs to the mutagenic activities of the condensates could not be determined.

Microsomes↗
PubMed1990

Carrageenans solubilize asymmetric acetylcholinesterase from nicotinic cholinergic synapses.

1. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses in both vertebrate and invertebrates organisms. 2. The asymmetric synaptic AChE is attached to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the neuromuscular junction through heparin sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs). 3. It has been shown previously that heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) can solubilize this enzyme from the cholinergic synapses. 4. The present paper describes the solubilization of asymmetric AChE by different marine macroalgal polysaccharides, called carrageenans. 5. Important differences were found among all the carrageenans tested; they released 15-50% of the total AChE activity normally solubilized by heparin. 6. Carrageenans extracted from tetrasporic stages of Iridaea ciliata and I. membranacea were always better extracting agents than those from the cystocarpic stages of these algae, suggesting that lambda-like carrageenans are involved. 7. This hypothesis was confirmed by extracting AChE with purified carrageenans.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2000

Antifungal activity of some tetranortriterpenoids.

Natural tetranortriterpenoids such as cedrelone from Toona ciliata, azadiradione from Azadirachta indica, limonin, limonol and nomilinic acid from Citrus medica, along with some cedrelone derivatives were tested for their antifungal activity against Puccinia arachidis, a groundnut rust pathogen. Results show that cedrelone was the most effective in reducing rust pustule emergence. Replacement of functional groups or modification of the A or the B ring in cedrelone reduced the effectiveness indicating the importance of specific structural features for activity.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2003

Nuclei, micronuclei and appendages in tri- and tetraradiate conidia of Cornutispora and four other coelomycete genera.

The distribution and behaviour of nuclei in conidia of 11 coelomycete species with tri- and tetraradiate conidia and belonging to five genera has been investigated: Cornutispora (C. ciliata, C. intermedia, C. lichenicola, C. limaciformis, and C. pittii), Eriosporella (E. calami), Furcaspora (F. abieticola, F. pinicola), Suttoniella (S. eriobotryae, S. gaubae), and Tetranacrium (T. gramineum). They have been studied by the HCl-Giemsa technique using dried, preserved material including holotypes and isotypes with ages ranging from 3 to 116 yr. Conidia of Cornutispora species showed different ploidy levels, and C. limaciformis showed a very high (> 90%) frequency of stable and viable micronuclei with an unusual type of ploidy level, occurring naturally. Frequency of ploidy levels in nuclei within conidia of Cornutispora species appeared to be associated with changes in gross conidial morphology. This is the first report of micronuclei in coelomycetes. The types of appendages on arms or parts of conidia have been studied using various stains including erythrosin in ammonia and a modified Leifson's flagella staining technique. In Furcaspora species the apical and basal conidial appendages are cellular maintaining protoplasmic continuity with the arms on which they are sited. The results have been compared with those of Crucellisporium species which have tetraradiate conidia. The new species, Cornutispora intermedia, C. pittii and Furcaspora abieticola spp. nov. are described, and illustrated, and a key to all known Cornutispora species is provided.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed2000

The cercaria of Galactosomum bearupi Pearson, 1973 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) at Heron and Masthead Islands, Great Barrier Reef, Australia.

Magnacercous cercariae, all morphologically identical but with different coloured tails, were found naturally infecting the intertidal prosobranch gastropod Clypeomorus batillariaeformis Habe & Kosuge (Cerithiidae) at Heron and Masthead Islands. Several species of coral-dwelling fishes were exposed to magnacercous cercariae. Active ingestion by the fish, followed by the complete development of the metacercaria in the optic lobes, occurred in Pomacentrus molluccensis Bleeker, but not in Dascyllus aruanus (L.), where development stopped short after encystment. All cercariae turned out to belong to the same species, Galactosomum bearupi Pearson, 1973. Natural infections of G. bearupi metacercariae were found in eight species of fish at Heron Island: Pomacentrus molluccensis, P. wardi Whitley, P. bankanensis Bleeker, P. flavicauda Whitley, Stegastes cf. fasciolatus (Ogilby), Sillago maculata Quoy & Gaimard, S. cf. ciliata Cuvier and Crenimugil crenilabris (Forsskål). This represents the fourth account of the cercaria of a species of Galactosomum.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Electrophysiological responses of female and male Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) to Swietenia macrophylla essential oils.

The mahogany shoot borer, Hypsipyla grandella, is one of the most economically important Neotropical forest pest insects because it attacks valuable timber of the Meliaceae. Despite detailed information on the life cycle of H. grandella, factors influencing attack by the shoot borer are not well known. Electroantennogram studies of borer antennae indicate that both female and male moths elicited significant antennal responses to essential oil of the terminal shoots, mature and senescent leaves, in three concentrations. Gamma-himachalene, germacrene D, germacrene A, cadina-1,4-diene, hexadecanoic acid, and ethyl hexadecanoate appeared in all essential oils from Swietenia macrophylla. Germacrene-D and gamma-himachalene were also present in the active essential oil of Cedrela odorata and Toona ciliata. These findings suggest that these compounds play a role in attracting H. grandella to oviposit on the leaves of these plants. The GC-EAD of essential oil from S. macrophylla mature leaves to female H. grandella antennae led to the identification of beta-caryophyllene as the main constituent responsible for the antennae response.

Animals↗