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PubMed1982

[Double refraction of crystals in the lens (spheroliths, "Christmas tree ornaments") and in the vitreous body (scintillatio nivea)].

1. The round, oval, or kidney-shaped, radially built spheroliths of the brown or morgagnian cataract show a double refraction in polarized light of about 0.160 optically positive. This is in accordance with Whewellite (calcium oxalate monohydrate). 2. In crystalline cataracts, there are crystals in polarized light with a mean double refraction of 0.046, which is in accordance with cholesterol (C27H48O). 3. In asteroid hyalinosis of the vitreous, the small bodies consisting of needle-shaped crystals arranged in a radial fashion show a small double refraction of 0.012. Therefore the crystal may be brushite (Ca HPO4 X 2 H2O).

Cataract↗
PubMed2003

Parental separation at birth and criminal behaviour in adulthood--a long-term follow-up of the Finnish Christmas Seal Home children.

BACKGROUND: Parental absence has been connected with later criminality. We studied the association between very early separation and criminality in a unique data set. METHODS: The index cohort consisted of 2,906 subjects born between 1945 and 1965 in Finland who were temporarily isolated from their family immediately after birth and sent to adequate nursing homes due to tuberculosis in the family. The average separation time was 7 months. For every index subject, two reference subjects (matched for sex, year of birth and place of birth) were gathered. Data on criminal offences were obtained from Statistics Finland arising from adolescence to middle age, between January 1, 1977 and December 31, 1998. The association between parental separation and subcategories of non-violent and violent criminality and violent recidivism, respectively, in male and female offspring was analysed. Subjects who had committed at least two violent crimes were defined as violent recidivists. RESULTS: Of the male index subjects, 12.1% as compared with 7.1% of the reference cohort (estimated relative risk RR 1.73; 95% CI 1.42-2.11) had committed violent offences. Of the male index subjects 5.2% and of the male reference subjects 3.6% were violent recidivists (RR 1.47; 1.10-1.98). Of the male index subjects 26.3% and of the reference cohort 23.4% had committed nonviolent crimes (RR 1.14; 1.01-1.29). Among females, non-violent crimes were committed by 7.9% of the index subjects and by 5.0% of the reference subjects, respectively (RR 1.54; 1.18-2.00). Violent crimes were rare among female subjects. CONCLUSION: Criminal behaviour was more prevalent among both male and female subjects separated at birth from their families because of tuberculosis in the family than in the reference cohort. Especially violent crimes were prevalent in the male index cohort. Even so, the differences between the index and reference cohorts were rather modest. Very early separation may have some, although limited, influence on later criminality in the offspring.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Inhibitor-neutralisation assay and electro-immuno assay of human factor IX (Christmas factor).

A rabbit antibody specifically precipitating human factor IX has been used in the assay of factor IX antigen. The results obtained with two different methods (inhibitor-neutralisation assay and electro-immunoassay) have been compared in a group of healthy individuals and in a group of hemophilia B patients and carriers. In general, identical results are obtained with both methods, except in some hemophilia B+ carriers and patients, where the electroimmuno assay gives 1.5-2.0 times higher levels. Results obtained by electroimmuno assay are more accurate and reproducible than those obtained by inhibitor-neutralisation assay, which is of importance for its potential use in carrier detection.

Adult↗
PubMed1958

Christmas disease.

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Hemophilia A↗