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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Asbestos body burden in decomposed human lungs.

The authors discuss the influence of postmortem tissue decomposition on the lung asbestos body (AB) burden, with the aim of evaluating the reliability of data obtained from autopsies performed for medicolegal purposes several months after deaths in possible connection with asbestos-related pathology. Eight autopsy cases were selected, each one with occupational exposure considered very probable on the basis of the history or pathologic findings. In each case the AB concentrations were assessed soon after death in one lung and after periods of 1 to 18 months in the others, which had been stored in sealed containers without fixation. AB concentrations consistently decreased with time in rotten lungs. The counts in some cases became negative a few months after death, even in cases with very high AB counts at first examination. It may be reasonably inferred that, in putrefied lungs from corpses exhumed after months of internment, the counts in digested tissues and the screening of histologic sections for AB may give false-negative results.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dioxin/polychlorinated biphenyl body burden, diabetes and endometriosis: findings in a population-based study in Belgium.

Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants widely distributed in the food chain, which is the main source of human exposure. Their effects on human health at background exposure levels are still poorly understood. Recent epidemiological evidence suggests a possible association between these pollutants and diabetes. We report here the results of a population-based study in Belgium on 257 (142 women and 115 men) environmentally exposed subjects, including 10 cases of endometriosis and nine cases of diabetes. Seventeen 2,3,7,8-polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs or dioxins), four coplanar PCBs (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry [IUPAC] nos 77, 81, 126 and 169) and 12 PCB markers (IUPAC nos 3, 8, 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180, 194, 206 and 209) were quantified in serum fat from fasting blood samples in order to estimate the body burden of these pollutants. Whilst no difference was found between women with endometriosis and their controls, diabetic patients had significantly increased serum levels of dioxins, coplanar PCBs and the 12 PCB markers. After adjustment for age and other covariates, serum total toxic equivalent activity (sum of PCDD/Fs and coplanar PCBs) and 12 PCB marker concentrations in diabetics were 62% (p = 0.0005) and 39% (p = 0.0067) higher, respectively, than in controls. The risk of diabetes was significantly increased in subjects in the top decile for adjusted concentrations of dioxins (odds ratio 5.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-21.7), coplanar PCBs (odds ratio 13.3, 95% CI 3.31-53.2) or 12 PCB markers (odds ratio 7.6, 95% CI 1.58-36.3). These findings warrant further studies to assess the significance of the associations between diabetes and environmental exposure to polychlorinated pollutants.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Body burden of hexachlorbenzene in suckling rats and its effects on various organs and on liver porphyrin accumulation.

The hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and porphyrin accumulation in the ograns of 18-day-old Wistar rats, whose mothers were fed a diet containing 80 ppm HCB, were studied. Among the organs examined, the highest HCB residue was in the liver larger than kidney larger than or equal to lung larger than brain larger than spleen larger than heart. The porphyrin level in the liver of the HCB-treated. On the contrary, the weights of the kidney, brain, spleen and heart were significantly reduced. Sex did not influence the organ weight except that of the brain. The results suggested that accumulation of HCB in different organs and porphyrin in the liver of suckling Wistar rats was about equal for the males and females.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of combined exposure to aluminium and ethanol on aluminium body burden and some neuronal, hepatic and haematopoietic biochemical variables in the rat.

The effects of the daily administration of aluminium (25 mg kg-1, orally), ethanol (10% v/v, in drinking water) or both to adult rats, for 6 weeks, on the amount of aluminium present in the tissues and the functioning of brain biogenic amines, hepatic and serum transaminases and some haematopoietic variables were investigated. Ethanol alone was seen to inhibit the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), while aluminium alone elevated the activity of blood ALAD. However, aluminium and ethanol combined produced a more pronounced inhibition of blood ALAD and hepatic glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) than either aluminium or ethanol alone. Simultaneous exposure to aluminium and ethanol also produced a significant elevation in urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and brain homovanillic acid (HVA), and a depletion in brain dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels, when compared to rats given aluminium alone. The concentration of aluminium in the blood and liver was significantly higher in rats exposed to both aluminium and ethanol than in those exposed to aluminium alone. Thus the consumption of alcohol may increase the rat's susceptibility to certain effects of aluminium.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Temporal trends in human TCDD body burden: decreases over three decades and implications for exposure levels.

Data on lipid levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the general population in the United States, Canada, Germany, and France over the past 30 years were compiled from the literature. Mean lipid levels of TCDD exhibited a steady decrease by nearly a factor of 10 over this time period, with lipid-adjusted TCDD levels in 2000 about 2 parts per trillion (ppt). Pharmacokinetic modeling using a one-compartment model indicated that absorbed intake levels of TCDD must have decreased by more than 95% from levels in 1972 to result in the observed decrease in human lipid levels, with the bulk of this decrease occurring before 1980. Based on this modeling and the pharmacokinetic properties of TCDD in humans, we conclude that mean levels of TCDD in the general population are likely to decrease further over the next 15 years, to between 0.5 and 1 ppt, even if intake levels do not decrease further. Fewer data over a shorter time period are available for other dioxin and furan congeners in human lipid, but these data indicate substantial decreases as well, with general population TEQ lipid levels currently at least fourfold lower than in 1970 and still decreasing. Food sampling data are limited, but support these trends.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

Cesium-137 body burdens in Norwegian Lapps, 1965-1983.

Results of measurements of the whole-body contents of 137Cs during the period 1965-1983 in Lapps from the Kautokeino area in Norway are reported with measurements of 137Cs in reindeer meat during the period 1966-1983. By using available data on 137Cs in precipitation for the period 1950-1980, transfer coefficients from 137Cs in precipitation to reindeer meat have been assessed. A correlation between the 137Cs content in reindeer meat and the 137Cs content in Lapp reindeer breeders has been established. The average whole-body committed dose equivalent, H50, to the reindeer breeders from internally deposited 137Cs from intakes up to year 2000 was assessed to 13 mSv with a peak value of 30 mSv. In comparison, the corresponding committed dose equivalent to the Norwegian population from internally deposited 137Cs has been estimated to be about 1 mSv. The higher intake of 137Cs by reindeer breeders is due to the lichen-reindeer-man exposure pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Phase II enzyme induction reduces body burden of heptachlor in rats.

Contrary to expectations hexadecane had no significant effect on the body clearance of heptachlor in rats. However, phase II enzyme induction altered the kinetics of heptachlor dramatically, reducing its half-life by about 3-fold. The reduction of half-life was reflected in correspondingly lowered adipose tissue and blood levels.

Alkanes↗
PubMed1988

Linear pharmacokinetic models for evaluating unusual work schedules, exposure limits and body burdens of pollutants.

The adverse effects of workplace exposures to pollutants relate more accurately to the concentrations of pollutants in the body than in the environment. In many cases pharmacokinetic models may represent the external to internal concentration relationships with useful accuracy. Simplified equations are presented for stepwise calculations on a series of time-averaged, external concentrations to give a corresponding series of internal concentrations. Accurate results were obtained for averaging times not exceeding one-fourth of the biological half-life of the pollutant. A convenient measure of internal concentration is the external concentration that would be at in vivo equilibrium with it (termed biologically effective concentration). Three measures of damage burden are proposed, each appropriate for different toxic mechanisms. The calculations readily may be carried out on a programmable calculator or microcomputer. Illustrative examples show how unusual work schedules may be compared with an 8 hr/day, 5 days/week schedule and how appropriate short- and long-term exposure limits may be determined. Other examples, illustrated for lead, relate absorbed mass rates to body concentrations and body burdens in a two-compartment kinetic model. These calculations should provide a more accurate evaluation of fluctuating concentrations, which can be handled easily.

Absorption↗