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A suggested current literature and reference library for respiratory and chest physical therapists.

Because of the lack of a source listing comprehensive literature for individual specialties, a thorough search was made of the available monographs and journals of value to both the respiratory therapist and the chest physical therapist. The items reviewed included three published lists of recommended books and journals, reference tools listing books currently in print, National Library of Medicine computerized literature searches of the data bases CATLINE and SERLINE, sources of forthcoming books, and an abstracting service that lists books currently being published. This list would be of value to the interested individual or library wishing to build a literature collection on respiratory and chest physical therapy.

Bibliographies as Topic↗

Analysis of collection development at the National Library of Medicine.

This paper reports the major findings of a study of collection development activities at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) from 1965 to 1977. The CATLINE file was the source of the data; analyses were performed on classification number, date of entry, and language. An overview analysis of the data base is presented for major subject and form classes. An in-depth subject analysis of the monograph collection was performed using the NLM call number. An analysis by date of entry revealed that the subject content of CATLINE has varied only slightly over the years; the most notable change was a recent decline in the related and peripheral subject areas. The language analysis indicated that 83% of the data base consisted of works published in English, German, Russian, and French. Throughput processing time was measured for English language monographs for selected years.

Book Selection↗

Thyroid incidentalomas: management approaches to nonpalpable nodules discovered incidentally on thyroid imaging.

BACKGROUND: The introduction of highly sensitive imaging techniques has made it possible to detect many non-palpable nodules, or "incidentalomas," in the thyroid. Discovery of these lesions raises concerns about their malignancy, but the optimal strategy for managing these lesions has not been clearly established. PURPOSE: To review evidence about incidentalomas, including prevalence and risk for malignancy, and to provide recommendations for their evaluation and treatment. DATA SOURCES: Literature searches for relevant articles published in the past 15 years in major English-language medical journals, review of selected articles published before this period, and reviews of bibliographies in text-books. STUDY SELECTION: Three studies on autopsy findings, 11 studies on ultrasonographic findings, and other reports on nonpalpable thyroid nodules were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Data on the prevalence of nodules on autopsy and in ultrasonographic series, palpation compared with ultrasonography, the risk for malignancy in nodules found in irradiated glands, the natural history of thyroid nodules, and the prevalence of occult cancer were collated and reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Prevalence of thyroid incidentalomas estimated from autopsy studies ranges from 30% to 60%. Studies comparing clinical palpation with thyroid imaging show a prevalence of 13% to 50%. Prospective studies of randomly selected patients have reported a prevalence of 19% to 67%. The risk for malignancy in asymptomatic nodules found in nonirradiated glands is 0.45% to 13% (mean +/- SD, 3.9% +/- 4.1%). CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution ultrasonography is sensitive and capable of detecting many small, nonpalpable thyroid nodules. Most of these lesions are benign. For most patients with nonpalpable nodules that are incidentally detected by thyroid imaging, simple follow-up neck palpation is sufficient.

Autopsy↗

Editing a nursing practice book.

Publishing a nursing practice book can be an exciting challenge for the critical care nurse who identifies a gap in the literature. This article provides information on how to produce an edited book from the starting point to successful publication. Identifying a book idea, selecting chapter authors, finding a publisher, writing a prospectus, the editing process, production, and marketing the book are discussed. Examples drawn from the authors' experiences in editing a transplantation nursing book are provided, as well as comments from other book editors.

Books↗

Collection overlap in hospital health sciences libraries: a case study.

Given similar demographics (age, size, and user population), to what extent do community hospital libraries differ in collection content? It is sometimes assumed that hospital libraries are relatively homogeneous and therefore subject to standardized procedures and collection development guides. This study compares the holdings of two community hospital libraries in Illinois to determine similarities and differences.

Book Selection↗

Assessment of multiple-choice questions in selected test banks accompanying text books used in nursing education.

The purpose of this study was to assess multiple-choice questions used in test-banks accompanying selected nursing textbooks. A random sample of 2,913 questions was selected from a convenience sample of 17 test banks. Questions were evaluated on (a) adherence to generally accepted guidelines for writing multiple-choice questions; (b) cognitive level as defined by Bloom's (1961) taxonomy; and (c) distribution of correct answers as A, B, C, or D. The results were 2,233 violations of item-writing guidelines, most of which were minor but some were serious. A large number of questions (47.3%) were written at the knowledge level and only 6.5% were written at the analysis level. The correct answers were evenly distributed: c2s ranged from 0.00 to 4.84; chi square value needed to reach .05 probability was 26.30. Faculty are encouraged to evaluate multiple-choice questions from test banks carefully before using them for exams.

Databases as Topic↗

A quality filtering system for medical literature.

An algorithmic method for selecting quality journal articles is presented. The procedures are based on formalizations of existing evaluation mechanisms in scientific publication. The method was actually applied to the journal literature of the pharmacology of cardiac arrhythmias for the period 1967 to 1970. A comparison with the selected bibliographies of four recent publications showed that the method approximated some of the selections made by conventional subjective judgment.

Bibliographies as Topic↗

Circulation of core collection monographs in an academic medical library.

Academic medical librarians responsible for monograph acquisition face a challenging task. From the plethora of medical monographs published each year, academic medical librarians must select those most useful to their patrons. Unfortunately, none of the selection tools available to medical librarians are specifically intended to assist academic librarians with medical monograph selection. The few short core collection lists that are available are intended for use in the small hospital or internal medicine department library. As these are the only selection tools available, however, many academic medical librarians spend considerable time reviewing these collection lists and place heavy emphasis on the acquisition of listed books. The study reported here was initiated to determine whether the circulation of listed books in an academic library justified the emphasis placed on the acquisition of these books. Circulation statistics for "listed" and "nonlisted" books in the hematology (WH) section of Indiana University School of Medicine's Ruth Lilly Medical Library were studied. The average circulation figures for listed books were nearly two times as high as the corresponding figures for the WH books in general. These data support the policies of those academic medical libraries that place a high priority on collection of listed books.

Book Selection↗

Collecting for the history of medicine.

Value of books depends on their place in the collection, and it is not suggested that the librarian become an expert in the prices of rare books. The dealer should be trusted as an adviser. The same is true about disposal of rare books. An account is given of earlier practice at the New York Academy of Medicine Library in the acquisition of rare books, and some notable items are listed. The importance of pamphlets, reprints, and annual reports is discussed. Building a collection of the institution's own records is commended, and various examples given of how an unbalanced or inappropriate collection loses its value. Good examples of special subject collections are quoted. Care and preservation of rare material are discussed.

Book Collecting↗

The book availability study as an objective measure of performance in a health sciences library.

In its search for an objective overall diagnostic evaluation, the University of Illinois Library of the Health Sciences' Program Evaluation Committee selected a book availability measure; it is easy to administer and repeat, results are reproducible, and comparable data exist for other academic and health sciences libraries. The study followed the standard methodology in the literature with minor modifications. Patrons searching for particular books were asked to record item(s) needed and the outcome of the search. Library staff members then determined the reasons for failures in obtaining desired items. The results of the study are five performance scores. The first four represent the percentage probability of a library's operating with ideal effectiveness; the last provides an overall performance score. The scores of the Library of the Health Sciences demonstrated no unusual availability problems. The study was easy to implement and provided meaningful, quantitative, and objective data.

Books↗

Essential books and journals in clinical neuropsychology: an Australian perspective.

To assist in the identification of key professional resources for neuropsychologists, 214 Australian clinical neuropsychologists were asked to identify "essential" reference materials. Fifty members of the Australian College of Clinical Neuropsychologists returned useable surveys. Forty-three respondents provided information about which clinical neuropsychology books and journals they considered essential and why. Results showed 15 books, including 3 Australian books, and 31 journals were included in the essential reading list of at least 10% of this sample. Compared to similar previous surveys (predominantly conducted overseas and mostly over 10 years ago), the results of this survey suggest that, Australian neuropsychologists have similar views about the top ranking books and journals in clinical neuropsychology as their overseas counterparts. An exception to this general trend may be the status of reference books containing norms, which appear to be growing in perceived importance. Importantly, the results of this survey may be used to help practitioners identify key professional resources in the area of clinical neuropsychology.

Australia↗

Online medical books: their availability and an assessment of how health sciences libraries provide access on their public Websites.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the number and topical range of available online medical books and to assess how health sciences libraries were providing access to these resources on their public Websites. METHOD: The collection-based evaluative technique of list checking was used to assess the number and topical range of online medical books of the six largest publishers. Publisher inventory lists were downloaded over a two-day period (May 16-17, 2004). Titles were counted and compared with the 2003 Brandon/Hill list. A sample of health sciences libraries was subsequently derived by consulting the 2004 "Top Medical Schools-Research" in U.S. News & World Report. Bibliographic and bibliothecal access methods were evaluated based on an inspection of the publicly available Websites of the sample libraries. RESULTS: Of 318 currently published online medical books, 151 (47%) were Brandon/Hill titles covering 42 of 59 Brandon/Hill topics (71%). These 151 titles represented 22% (N = 672) of the Brandon/Hill list, which further broke down as 52 minimal core, 41 initial purchase, and 58 other recommended Brandon/Hill titles. These numbers represented 50%, 28%, and 12%, respectively, of all Brandon/Hill titles corresponding to those categories. In terms of bibliographic access, 20 of 21 of sampled libraries created catalog records for their online medical books, 1 of which also provided analytical access at the chapter level, and none provided access at the chapter section level. Of the 21 libraries, 19 had library Website search engines that provided title-level access and 4 provided access at the chapter level and none that at the chapter section level. For bibliothecal access, 19 of 21 libraries provided title-level access to medical books, 8 of which provided classified and alphabetic arrangements, 1 provided a classified arrangement only, and 10 provided an alphabetic arrangement only. No library provided a bibliothecal arrangement for medical book chapters or chapter sections. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the number and topical range of online medical books is reaching a point where collection-level consideration is warranted to facilitate efficient use and to prevent the problem of split files. However, the results also show that few efforts are underway on the publicly available Websites of the surveyed health sciences libraries to provide the analytical access necessary to meet the structural needs of clinical information seekers.

Access to Information↗

[Evaluation of clinical practices: methods of data collection and information sources?].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to present the methods used to observe clinical practices, to evaluate their advantages and limits, and to specify the context in which they are preformed. METHODS: We conducted a bibliographical search on MEDLINE using key words, completed by an offline search. We selected articles published in French or English between 1985 and 2003. RESULTS: Thirty articles, of which 3 were reviews, as well as an additional 5 reports and 9 books, were selected. We distinguished direct or objective approaches to clinical practices as well as indirect or declarative approaches. We also noted whether the approach was individual with data collected from individual practitioners, or collective, with data coming from databases. Most methods of collecting data used medical records, often in the context of internal or external clinical audits or peer reviews. The other sources of data were self-administered questionnaires, written case simulations and simulated patients. Data was also extracted from previously existing databases: claims databases, registries and ad hoc databases. CONCLUSION: An objective individual approach insures the highest quality of information, but possible high costs can limit the use of this approach. It is necessary to continue researching the best means of collecting data on clinical practices, because of the obligation of each practitioner to evaluate individual clinical practices.

Data Collection↗

Books on health policy and health reform: how is nursing represented?

The recent national debate on health care reform stimulated publication of a large number of books on the topic. A selected review of books published during the height of the health reform debate (1993 and 1994) is reported in this article. A total of 35 books written by authors from 13 different disciplinary perspectives were reviewed to determine how the nursing profession was represented in discussions of health system reform. The books were categorized according to title, author affiliation, purpose of the book, and the number and category of references to nursing. Seven categories of reference to nursing emerged from the analysis. Approximately on half of the books contained no references to nursing, 39 per cent had less than 10 references to nursing, and only four books had more than 10 references to nursing. The books with the greatest number of references were further analyzed and compared regarding thematic presentation of reform issues. A discussion of the importance of documentation of nursing in the health policy process, along with recommendations for improved dissemination of nursing perspectives for a redesigned health care system, is included.

Health Care Reform↗