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PubMed1988

Relation between blood lipids, lipoproteins, and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. A review.

Although blood lipids and lipoproteins are strongly related to coronary atherosclerosis, their association with cerebrovascular atherosclerosis is less clear. A review of more than 20 publications in which a relation was sought between plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and cerebrovascular atherosclerosis leads to the general conclusion that such a relation exists and that it is stronger in older than in younger individuals. A relation was found between blood lipids and/or lipoproteins and the extent and/or severity of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis in all but three of 26 reviewed studies. However, the specific nature of the relation is obscure because the various studies cannot easily be compared with one another. Interstudy variations in lipoprotein fraction analyzed, methodology for the analysis of lipids and lipoproteins, arterial segment examined, population sampled, control selection in case-control studies, statistical analytic approach taken, and methodology for the assessment of arterial disease preclude pooled analyses. There is a clear need for further evaluation of this relation using standardized and up-to-date methodologies both for analyses of lipids and lipoproteins and for assessment of cerebrovascular disease in symptom-free volunteers as well as in symptomatic patients.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed2005

[Effects of occupational stress on immunological function, glucose and blood lipid of female workers in oil-field].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of occupational stress on immunological function, glucose, and blood lipid of female workers in oil-field. METHODS: 900 female workers working in oil-field as observation group and 220 female not working in oil-field in 11 work types of oil industry in oil-field were selected as control group randomly, occupational role, personal strain, and personal abilities of two groups were measured with occupational stress inventory-revised (OSI-R). Then, 100 workers were selected randomly from two groups Blood lipid, blood sugar, and immunological function were measured. RESULTS: Occupational role and strain in observed group are significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), However, there is no difference on personal abilities in two groups. Blood sugar, IgG, IgA, IgM, IL-6 content in observation group was significantly higher than control group, but CHO, HDL, LDL, IL-2 content was significantly less than control group (P < 0.05). TG content had no significant difference between both groups. There was positive correlation between occupational role, strain and, blood sugar, immunological function but negative correlation between personal abilities (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results show that blood sugar content was increased, CHO, HDL, LDL were decreased and immumological function was changed because of occupational stress. There was positive correlation between occupational role, strain and blood sugar, immunological function but negative correlation between personal resources.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Relationship between blood lipid level and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism in offspring from longevity and non-longevity families].

OBJECTIVE: To study relationship between genetic factor and level of blood lipid. METHODS: Levels of blood lipid and difference in apolipoprotein E (apo-E) allele frequencies were compared in 86 offspring in seven Uigur longevity families and 62 offspring in nine Uigur non-longevity families and their relationship was explored. RESULTS: After adjustment for age and occupation, blood indicators related to atherosclerosis were all lower in the offspring of longevity families than in non-longevity families, and those correlated inversely with it were higher in the former. Blood levels of triglyceride and apo-B were significant lower (P < 0.05) and the ratio of HDL-ch to LDL-ch was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in male offspring of longevity families than of non-longevity families. The ratio of apo-A to apo-B was significantly higher in female offspring of longevity families than of non-longevity families. Frequency of epsilon4 allele also was significantly fewer in the offspring of longevity families than of non-longevity ones (P < 0.01). Also, analysis showed that individuals with epsilon4 allele had higher levels of serum total cholesterol, lower density lipoprotein cholesterol and apo-B than those with other alleles. CONCLUSION: Average level of blood lipid was better in the offspring of longevity families than that of non-longevity families. apo-E allele polymorphism can in part explain its difference.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[The status of coagulation and lipid blood spectrum in patients with peptic ulcer complicated by ischemic heart disease].

Coagulative blood activity, fibrinogen and lipid spectrum were examined in 130 patients with gastroduodenal pathology. Increase of common blood lipids in 2-3 times was demonstrated in these patients as well as increase of the threeglycerides, blood fibrinogen and cholesterol reduce of high density lipoproteids. Hyperlipidemia was accompanied with blood hypercoagulation. Hypercoagulation was demonstrated in the 1st-2nd-3rd stages of blood coagulation. The common constant of blood coagulation was reduced in 2 times, elasticity of blood clot and coagulation index were increased in 2 times. Fibrinolysis is depressed and homostasis is activated in the patients with peptic ulcer with heart ishemic disease combination. The authors had considered that there is a pathogenetic connection between lipid intracells content and fibrinolytic blood system, as well as intercommunication of hemocoagulation and heart ishemic disease heaviness.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Blood lipid and lipoprotein adaptations to exercise: a quantitative analysis.

Dose-response relationships between exercise training volume and blood lipid changes suggest that exercise can favourably alter blood lipids at low training volumes, although the effects may not be observable until certain exercise thresholds are met. The thresholds established from cross-sectional literature occur at training volumes of 24 to 32 km (15 to 20 miles) per week of brisk walking or jogging and elicit between 1200 to 2200 kcal/wk. This range of weekly energy expenditure is associated with 2 to 3 mg/dl increases in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) reductions of 8 to 20 mg/dl. Evidence from cross-sectional studies indicates that greater changes in HDL-C levels can be expected with additional increases in exercise training volume. HDL-C and TG changes are often observed after training regimens requiring energy expenditures similar to those characterised from cross-sectional data. Training programmes that elicit 1200 to 2200 kcal/wk in exercise are often effective at elevating HDL-C levels from 2 to 8 mg/dl, and lowering TG levels by 5 to 38 mg/dl. Exercise training seldom alters total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). However, this range of weekly exercise energy expenditure is also associated with TC and LDL-C reductions when they are reported. The frequency and extent to which most of these lipid changes are reported are similar in both genders, with the exception of TG. Thus, for most individuals, the positive effects of regular exercise are exerted on blood lipids at low training volumes and accrue so that noticeable differences frequently occur with weekly energy expenditures of 1200 to 2200 kcal/wk. It appears that weekly exercise caloric expenditures that meet or exceed the higher end of this range are more likely to produce the desired lipid changes. This amount of physical activity, performed at moderate intensities, is reasonable and attainable for most individuals and is within the American College of Sports Medicine's currently recommended range for healthy adults.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effects of the Tibetan herbal preparation PADMA 28 on blood lipids and lipid oxidisability in subjects with mild hypercholesterolaemia.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed an anti-atherosclerotic effect of PADMA 28, an herbal formula based on Tibetan medicine. As the mechanisms of action are not fully understood, we investigated whether PADMA 28 may lower blood lipids and lipid oxidisability, and affect early endothelial dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty otherwise healthy subjects with total cholesterol > or = 5.2 mmol/l and < 8.0 mmol/l were randomly assigned to placebo or PADMA 28, 3 x 2 capsules daily, for 4 weeks (double-blind). Blood lipids (total, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo-lipoprotein A1 and B) and ex vivo lipid oxidisability were measured before and after treatment. In a subset of 24 subjects, endothelial function was assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography with intraarterial infusion of acetylcholine. Isolated LDL and plasma both untreated and pre-treated with PADMA 28 extract were oxidised by the radical generator AAPH. Conjugated diene formation was measured at 245 nm. RESULTS: Blood lipids did not change during the study in both groups. In contrast to previous reports in mild hypercholesterolaemia, no endothelial dysfunction was seen and, consequently, was not influenced by therapy. Ex vivo blood lipid oxidisability was significantly reduced with PADMA 28 (area undercurve: 5.29 +/- 1.62 to 4.99 +/- 1.46, p = 0.01), and remained unchanged in the placebo group (5.33 +/- 1.88 to 5.18 +/- 1.78, p > 0. 1). This effect persisted one week after cessation of medication. In vitro experiments confirmed the prevention of lipid peroxidation in the presence of PADMA 28 extracts. Persistent protection was also seen for LDL isolated from PADMA 28-pretreated blood after being subjected to rigorous purification. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the inhibition of blood lipid oxidisability by PADMA 28 may play a role in its anti-atherosclerotic effect.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Fliformine effects on blood lipid spectrum and lipid peroxidation in obese patients].

Blood lipid spectrum and lipid peroxidation are compared in patients with different obesity types. Diet treatment is compared to biguanides derivatives (gliformine) in patients with body obesity combined with dislipidemia. Gliformine proved more effective in correction of changed lipid spectrum of atherogenic origin, improves lipid peroxidation. Biguanides seem perspective in management of lipid disbolism in patients with body obesity.

Biguanides↗
PubMed1995

[Correlative study of erythrocyte membrane insulin receptor with blood lipids and albumin in non-obese noninsulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDM) patients before and after exercise].

To understand the effects of the levels of blood lipids and albumin on insulin receptor binding before and after acute exercise, we measured insulin binding to erythrocyt membrane before and after 30 minutes moderate exercise in thirty-eight non-obese noninsulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDM) and thirty-seven normal subjects. The correlations between parameters of insulin receptor and blood lipids and albumin were also studied. The results showed that before acute exercise, the level of high-binding-affinity (K1) was significantly correlated with that of total cholesterol (r = -0.473, P = 0.013), and albumin (r = -0.483, P = 0.011). The low-binding-affinity (K2) was significantly correlated with that of triglycerides (r = 0.503, P = 0.008) and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r = -0.480, P = 0.011). After acute exercise, no significant correlations between the parameters of insulin receptor, blood lipids and albumin were found. These suggest that blood lipids and albumin are important influential factors for affinities of insulin receptor.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agents on blood lipid levels.

This review examines the effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agents on blood lipids. These agents have been effective in the treatment of angina and hypertension and in the reduction of recurrence of ischemic cardiac disease, such as myocardial infarction. Many beta blockers, however, have an adverse effect on blood lipids, especially by reducing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and increasing triglycerides. One result is an unfavorable influence on the cholesterol ratio (expressed either as low-density lipoprotein [LDL]/HDL or total cholesterol/HDL). These cholesterol parameters have been shown to have a strong influence on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Studies have shown that antihypertensive therapy has reduced the incidence of cerebrovascular disease but, in many instances, has not reduced the incidence of CHD. A hypothesis for this lesser effect on coronary disease is that antihypertensive agents may be adversely affecting blood lipids. Thus, while one major risk factor for CHD is reduced, another may be somewhat enhanced. Pharmacologic properties of some beta blockers such as peripheral alpha blockade (e.g., with labetalol) or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) (e.g., with pindolol) may counteract some of these negative lipid effects. An investigational beta blocker, bevantolol, which will be marketed shortly in the United States, has been effective in antihypertensive therapy. Bevantolol has been shown to lower LDL cholesterol and not adversely affect HDL cholesterol; in this way, bevantolol favorably influences the serum lipoprotein profile. Whether this effect will have clinical significance remains to be seen.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1993

Effect on blood lipids of very high intakes of fiber in diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol.

BACKGROUND: It is known that soluble fiber in the diet can lower blood lipid levels. It is less certain, however, that eating foods with soluble fiber will further lower blood lipids when the intake of saturated fat and cholesterol has already been reduced to very low levels. Furthermore, the mechanism of the lipid-lowering effect of fiber has not been elucidated. METHODS: To address these questions, we studied 43 volunteers with hyperlipidemia in a crossover study involving two four-month dietary periods. The two metabolic diets contained foods high in either soluble or insoluble fiber and were separated by a two-month National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diet. The metabolic diets were low in saturated fat (< 4 percent of total calories) and cholesterol (< 25 mg per 1000 kcal), high in carbohydrate (> or = 60 percent of total calories), and very high in fiber (> 24 g per 1000 kcal). RESULTS: Blood lipids fell to their lowest levels by week 4 of both study diets. When the soluble-fiber period was compared with the insoluble-fiber period, the subjects' total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were found to be lower by a mean (+/- SE) of 4.9 +/- 0.9 percent (P < 0.001), 4.8 +/- 1.3 percent (P < 0.001), and 3.4 +/- 1.3 percent (P = 0.014), respectively. In contrast, the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol was not significantly different during the two dietary periods. The loss of fecal bile acids was 83 +/- 14 percent greater during the soluble-fiber period than during the insoluble-fiber period (P < 0.001) and was related to the differences in total and LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels (r = 0.42, P = 0.005; r = 0.49, P < 0.001; and r = 0.33, P = 0.035, respectively). The difference in serum cholesterol levels between the two dietary periods was greater among the men (7.5 +/- 1.2 percent, P < 0.001) than among the women (3.4 +/- 1.2 percent, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Very high intakes of foods rich in soluble fiber lower blood cholesterol levels even when the main dietary modifiers of blood lipids--namely, saturated fat and cholesterol--are greatly reduced.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Minor changes in blood lipids after 6 weeks of high-volume low- intensity physical activity with strict energy balance control.

Physical activity has been shown to favorably affect metabolic risk markers, including blood lipids. The impact of high-energy turnover, without influencing the traditionally used markers of exercise training effects, on blood lipids is still unclear. The aim was to study the effect of high-volume low-intensity physical activity on the blood lipid pattern, with a tight control of diet and energy balance. Eight untrained men [42.5 (12.1) years, body mass index 24.2 (2.8) kg m(-2)] were tested in two different 6-week protocols. In the sedentary protocol, the subjects were instructed to limit their everyday physical activity. In the activity protocol, a 2-h physical activity bout was performed 5 days week(-1) (approximately 40% of VO(2max); equivalent of an additional 21 MJ week(-1) in energy expenditure). The diet for both protocols comprised approximately 40 energy percent (E%) fat, approximately 50 E% carbohydrates (CHO). The polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio of the diet was approximately 0.12. There were no changes during each 6-week period or differences between the two protocols in body weight, body composition or aerobic capacity. Low-intensity physical activity did not affect lipid parameters substantially, except for a slightly lower Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio with the activity protocol (P < 0.05). Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as Apo-B and Apo-A1, were increased during the beginning of each 6-week period (P < 0.05), but returned to basal levels by the sixth week. In conclusion, 6 weeks of high-volume low-intensity physical activity did not affect blood lipids substantially.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1992

A randomized placebo controlled trial on the effects of simvastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on blood lipids and fibrinolytic parameters.

Coronary artery disease is frequently associated with disturbed blood lipids and with a deficient blood fibrinolytic capacity. In order to investigate a possible link between hypercholesterolemia and hypofibrinolysis, we have investigated the effect of simvastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on blood lipids and fibrinolytic parameters in a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study design. Twenty-four male patients, aged between 42 and 65 years, with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease, were selected from a series of 731 consecutive patients on the basis of a fasting serum cholesterol level of more than 250 mg/dl and a plasma PAI-1 level of more than 60 ng/ml. Patients were randomly assigned to 20 mg of simvastatin daily (Group I), or placebo (Group II), for four weeks, followed by doubling of the dose for another four weeks. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at 4 and 8 weeks. Groups I and II did not differ significantly at baseline. As expected, simvastatin produced a significant reduction in serum levels of total cholesterol (33 +/- 12 and 36 +/- 12 percent, mean +/- SD, after 4 and 8 weeks respectively, p less than 0.001 vs baseline), LDL-cholesterol (36 +/- 5 and 43 +/- 6 percent respectively, p less than 0.001 vs baseline) and apolipoprotein-B (20 +/- 29 and 23 +/- 30 percent respectively, p less than 0.05 vs baseline), whereas these parameters did not change significantly in the placebo group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The effect of medium-chain triacylglycerols on the blood lipid profile of male endurance runners.

Medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) oil is currently marketed for athletes as an ergogenic aid for optimal performance. Research assessing the blood lipid response of humans to MCT consumption is very limited and inconclusive. In this randomized cross-over study, male endurance runners (aged 30.5 +/- 5.5 years) were instructed to consume a low-fat diet (approximately 15% of energy) and consume either supplemental MCT oil (30 g twice each day) or long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT) oil (28 g corn oil twice each day) for 14 days. Each dietary trial was separated by at least 3 weeks. At the end of each trial, fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triacylglycerol (TG). Concentrations of TC (3.83 +/- 0.12 vs. 3.41 +/- 0.15 mmol/L, P = 0.004), LDL-C (1.76 +/- 0.12 vs. 1.51 +/- 0.14 mmol/L, P = 0.033), and TG (1.26 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.98 +/- 0.12 mmol/L, P = 0.006) were higher following the MCT trial than following the LCT trial, respectively. HDL-C concentration did not differ significantly between trials (MCT 1.48 +/- 0.05 mmol/L vs. LCT 1.45 +/- 0.04 mmol/L, P = 0.465). Although blood lipids remained within desirable ranges established by the National Cholesterol Education Program, these results suggest that consumption of MCT oil for 2 weeks negatively alters the blood lipid profile of athletes. Future studies should determine the effects of longer periods of MCT supplementation on serum lipids of exercisers and other groups of individuals. With little data suggesting that MCT are ergogenic, the adverse effects of MCT on blood lipid concentrations may outweigh any proposed benefits for athletes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Response of blood lipids to exercise training alone or combined with dietary intervention.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to review the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on blood lipids and assess dose-response relationships and diet interactions. METHODS: We reviewed papers published over the past three decades pertaining to intervention trials on the effects of > or = 12 wk of AET on blood lipids and lipoprotein outcomes in adult men and women. Included were studies with simultaneous dietary and AET interventions, if they had appropriate comparison groups. Studies were classified by the participants' relative weights expressed as mean BMIs. Information was extracted on baseline characteristics of study subjects, including age, sex, and relative baseline cholesterol levels; details on the training programs; and the responses to training of body weight, VO(2max), and blood total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG). RESULTS: We identified 51 studies, 28 of which were randomized controlled trials. AET was generally performed at a moderate to hard intensity, with weekly energy expenditures ranging from 2,090 to >20,000 kJ. A marked inconsistency was observed in responsiveness of blood lipids. The most commonly observed change was an increase in HDL-C (with reductions in TC, LDL-C, and TG less frequently observed). Insufficient data are available to establish dose-response relationships between exercise intensity and volume with lipid changes. The increase in HDL-C with AET was inversely associated with its baseline level (r = -0.462), but no significant associations were found with age, sex, weekly volume of exercise, or with exercise-induced changes in body weight or VO(2max). CONCLUSION: Moderate- to hard-intensity AET inconsistently results in an improvement in the blood lipid profile, with the data insufficient to establish dose-response relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Atherogenic changes of blood lipids and their components in patients after ischemic stroke].

The aim of the study is to analyze frequency and character of blood lipids abnormalities in patients after ischemic stroke (IS). Blood lipids were studied in 54 patients who survived ischemic stroke at 38-70 years. Atherogenic dyslipidemia was found in 49 (90.7%) patients, 37% had a selective low level of HDL cholesterol (< 37 mg/dl). Patients with dyslipidemia, IV type, (27.8%) showed a high level of triglycerides (413 +/- 72mg/dl) and patients with IIa or IIb types--LDLP cholesterol (223 +/- 12.5 mg/dl). A complete analysis of blood lipids allows detecting atherogenic dislipedimia in the majority of patients who survived ischemic stroke (90.7%), which can be treated with statins or fibrates. An adequate therapy of such patients may significantly improve prognosis for those who survived ischemic stroke and, in some cases, prevent its development.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2006

[Effects of Yifuning capsule on blood lipids of ovariectomized hyperlipidemia rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Yifuning (YEN) capsule on blood lipids of ovariectomized hyperlipidemia rats. METHOD: Fifty-six female mature Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 7 groups: normal control group, model control group, diethylstilbestrol tablets (DT) group, Xuezhikang group, YFN high, middle and low dose groups. The ovariectomized rats were fed on high fat diet and administrated with the drugs for 3 weeks, then were killed and estimated body weight, liver index and five items of blood lipid (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL) by test kit. Enzyme (such as HP, LDL, and whole lipase) was detected too. RESULT: The weight and liver index of model control group increased obviously as compared with normal group. YFN could reduce TG, TC, and LDL-C (P < 0.05) of ovariectomized hyperlipidemia rats obviously and increase HP, LDL and whole lipase (P < 0.05) on the other hand. CONCLUSION: YFN can ameliorate blood lipids of ovariectomized hyperlipidemia rats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Blood lipid abnormalities in patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease.

Blood lipid profile was investigated in 40 patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The most frequent abnormality was the increase of cholesterol and triglycerides. HDL-cholesterol and the subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 were decreased but not significantly. Cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio was significantly increased suggesting an abnormal cholesterol distribution on lipoprotein fractions. Apolipoproteins AI and AII were within normal range while apolipoproteins B, CII, CIII, and E were significantly increased. This study provide further findings on the blood lipid abnormalities in patients affected by PVD.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Association between blood lipids and different measures of body fat distribution: effects of BMI and age.

The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and the waist circumference have been correlated with blood lipid parameters. However, both the WHR and the waist circumference have been measured in numerous ways by researchers, and it appears that standardization of the anatomical sites used in this measurement is necessary. The present study investigated the associations between five different WHR measurements and blood lipid parameters across age and BMI. Three hundred and twenty-four (324) males were assessed for cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, cholesterol/HDL ratio, and triglycerides. The waist was identified by three different sites which included the midpoint between the lower rib and iliac crest (ABAB), level of the umbilicus (UMB), and iliac crest (IC). The hip was measured at both the iliac crest (IC) and the greatest girth at the gluteus (GL). A total of five WHRs were calculated from these anatomical measurements. Partial correlation coefficients, controlling for age and BMI, indicated that the ABAB/GL, UMB/GL, ABAB and UMB have the greatest association with all of the blood lipid parameters examined (P < 0.05). However, after stratifying by BMI, partial correlations controlling for age indicated that these significant relationships are only present in the upper quartile of the BMI distribution, indicating that obesity is necessary for these relationships to exist. In addition, risk classification varied according to the WHR which was used. The results indicate that the ABAB/GL, UMB/GL, ABAB and UMB are similar for the prediction of blood lipid parameters. However, the ABAB/GL and ABAB may be the preferred methods because of the consistency in locating the necessary anatomical landmarks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗