Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “BACTERIOLOGY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Clinical efficacy of Auricularum compared with its bacteriologic efficacy in vitro].

We compared the clinical efficacy of Auricularum to its bacteriological efficacy in 36 patients with a chronic middle ear disease. The clinical study confirms the very good efficacy of Auricularum with an improvement rate equal to 81% and 69.4% of "very good" results. The bacteriological study confirms the usual sensitivity of gram-negative bacilli (except the Proteus) to polymyxine B, the sensitivity of gram-positive germs to tetracycline for 60% of them and the sensitivity of fungus (isolated only once) to nystatine. Moreover, the bacteriological study shows that Auricularum with a concentration more or equal to 0.1 ml inhibits every germ, including the well-known resistant germs. This concentration of 0.1 ml corresponds to 2 drops of the drug in suspension and is less than the recommended dosage. This finding proves the very good efficacy of Auricularum in chronic middle ear diseases, including the ones due to usual resistant germs to the two antibiotics (polymyxine B and oxytetracycline) enclosed in the drug composition.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1988

[Bacteriological study of fresh, preserved, damaged and contaminated pig spleens].

Since the amendment of the Meat Inspection Act as on January 1, 1979, only the spleen is used as an indicator organ to detect bacteraemia in bacteriological examinations. The spleens should be handled carefully during slaughter, inspection, storage, transportation and laboratory testing in order to prevent false positive results of bacteriological examination caused by errors of inoculation, damage, contamination and unduly high storage temperatures. Bacteria could not be isolated from 86.2 per cent of 399 directly examined spleens of clinically normal pigs. Positive cases may have been due to acute bacteraemia in which the primary source of infection escaped notice, transient bacteraemia or errors of inoculation. Moreover, examination of damaged or contaminated spleens and spleens stored at too high temperatures showed that the usual method of sterilisation of the splenic surface singing is inadequate in some cases. In view of the fact that storage at 4 degrees C was not found to affect the results of bacteriological examination, the spleens which are to be examined should be intensively chilled immediately after slaughter.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Attitude toward patients with pulmonary pathological images supposed to be tuberculosis but without bacteriological confirmation].

In view of establishing an attitude toward patients with pathological pulmonary images, suspected of tuberculosis but without bacteriological confirmation, a study was organized in an area serviced by 9 offices of phthisiology. A total of 154 such cases were identified between 1st January and 30th April 1978. These were followed up and controlled by radiological as well as bacteriological examinations for a period of one year. The anti-tuberculous treatment did not have to be applied except when the diagnosis was confirmed as tuberculosis. In 11 of the patients (7,1%) the diagnosis was made from the start, and it was established that they had active, non-bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis. In another 49 patients (31,8%) the suspicion was abandoned, and tuberculosis. In another 49 patients (31,8%) the suspicion was abandoned, and various other pulmonary affections, but not tuberculosis, were diagnosed, either of chronic or acute type. The remaining 94 patients (61,1%) remained suspected of tuberculosis. In 16 of them, in spite of the provisions made in the protocol of the study, anti-tuberculous treatment was applied. Of them 3 died of pulmonary cancers during the follow-up. The remaining suspects were not treated. Five of them (7,3%) have developed active tuberculosis, bacteriologically confirmed in 3 of the cases. The rest had a normal eventless evolution. The authors consider the careful investigation and follow-up of suspects for a period of one year as the most correct attitude in such cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Bacteriological cultures by laparoscopy in salpingitis (author's transl)].

Out of a series of 50 salpingitis, we have made bacteriological swabs of tubes and peritoneum in 37 cases (25 cases by laparoscopy and 2 cases by laparotomy). 27 women had received no antibiotic treatment before swabbing: bacteriological culture was positive in 14 cases and gram Stain positive in 15 cases: thus we had either a complete study, either a "good idea" of pathological flora in 20 cases out of 27. 10 women received some antibiotic treatment before swabbing: bacteriological culture was positive in 2 cases, gram stain positive in 3 cases. We had idea of pathological flora in 4 cases out of 10. Tubal cultures show either a one-agent infection (gonococcus, E. Coli or anaerobic agent) either a various aero-anaerobic flora. In 18 cases we could compare abdominal flora and low genital tract flora: results were identical in half of cases only (7 cases on 18). Gonococcus was cultured either in women with P.I.D. either in their partner's genital tract, in 11 cases on 37. Both cultures and gram stain were negatives in 13 cases: in these cases, we could perhaps incriminate either a supplement requiring bacterie, either other micro-organisms (chlamydia trachomatis or Mycoplasma) which will be studied in a further series (to be published).

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1981

[An approach to bacteriological taxonomy by application of Immanuel Kant's transcendental dialectics (author's transl)].

After having altered the name of International Committee for Bacteriological Nomenclature in International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology in 1970, the latter will also have to reflect upon the objects of taxonomy. An approach thereto is recognizable in the revision of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria in 1975. Considerations are being made whether a classification of bacteria does justice to the laws of homogenicity, specification and continuity as laid down by Kant in his transcendental dialectic. Most important of all are definition and determination of the taxon species. As far as contents go the latter is not possible from the biological point of view but applicable to its range in application of the regulations of the code. Within the priorities of taxa the species adopts a preferential position because conceptions of applied bacteriology are contained therein. The variety of infra-subspecific subdivisions is taken into consideration; as far as the formae speciales are concerned considerations as made with regard to species apply.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Reliability of bacteriological studies of composite samples in the diagnosis of subclinical udder infections in cattle].

This study evaluated the reliability of making bacteriological cultures of composite milk samples for the diagnosis of subclinical udder infections in dairy herds. Quarter samples as well as composite samples were collected from 482 cows with suspected subclinical mastitis from 69 Dutch dairy farms. The samples were used to measured somatic cell counts and to prepare bacteriological cultures. The sensitivity and specificity of the bacteriological cultures of the composite samples were compared with those of the quarter samples. The sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae was 57.9%, 65.2%, 86.6%, and 60.3%, respectively. The specificity was higher than 98% for all four bacteria. Although information is lost when composite samples are used, composite samples are useful, especially for large dairy herds. The advantage and disadvantages of the use of composite samples are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

On bacteriological problems in the REDY dialysis system.

During a series of dialyses with the REDY absorbent dialysis system, samples for bacteriological examination were drawn from different parts of the system. The REDY cartridge, both unused and after dialysis, was submitted to bacteriological examination by the drawing of samples from its four layers. Bacteria grew from the different layers of the cartridge with decreasing frequency from the bottom layer upwards. There was bacterial growth both in samples taken from unused cartridges and in samples from cartridges at the conclusion of dialysis. An attempt to sterilize the bottom layer of the cartridge by irradiation had no apparent effect on the incidence of growth. There was no growth in the dialysate, while bacteria could be cultured from both sides of the membrane of the dialyzer as well as from the solution of concentrate. Bacteria are probably found in the urease layer of the unused cartridge and may multiply during dialysis, leak out into the dialysate, and be trapped in the dialyzer. It is concluded that bacteriological contamination of the system should be avoided by the use of a suitable and effective sterilization procedure.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1993

[Bacteriological study of the intraocular fluid at the end of cataract surgery].

The authors studied bacterial contamination of the anterior chamber during extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. A first study was conducted to determine the rate of contamination of anterior chamber aspirates, before surgery, in 46 patients undergoing cataract extraction. A second study concerned 200 patients undergoing extracapsular extraction with posterior chamber lens. Anterior chamber fluid was aspirated at the end of surgery, and inoculated into blood culture bottles. Bacteriological results were positive in 11 cases, and were compared with conjunctival smears. The way in which aqueous humor was aspirated and inoculated is described. The bacteriological method was tested with a small inoculum of bacteria. Bacteriological study of intraocular fluid at the end of cataract surgery might be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

A bacteriological paradigm in influenza research in the first half of the twentieth century.

Scholars have argued that the beginning of virology can be dated from the end of the 19th century: the discovery that some infectious agents could pass through ultrafilters produced a criterium to distinguish ultrafilterable viruses from infectious agents that are not filterable, e.g. bacteria. A filterable agent, claimed to be the cause of human influenza, was isolated in 1933. It will be argued in this paper, however, that the influence of a bacteriological paradigm on influenza research in the first half of the twentieth century was very powerful. Until the late 1940s influenza viruses were studied as infectious entities which, although filterable, were conceived of as analogous to bacteria. It was assumed that filterable viruses which infected animals were a kind of ultrabacteria. According to the bacteriological paradigm the assumed dependence of the filterable viruses on living cells was easy to account for. The second half of the 1940s saw the 'modern concept of virus' begin to be applied to the influenza viruses. Influenza vaccinations in 1946 did not appear to provide protection, from which it was concluded that the influenza virus is very variable. Furthermore, in 1946 and 1947 experimental studies were published, which indicated that the influenza virus may go through an eclipse during its multiplication: it disappears as an infectious agent. Viewed from this perspective, it was only by the second half of the 1940s that research on the influenza virus became emancipated from the bacteriological paradigm.

Bacteriology↗
PubMed1993

Mucosal morphology, cell proliferation and faecal bacteriology in acute pouchitis.

A study was performed to investigate whether acute reservoir ileitis (pouchitis) is associated with specific changes in mucosal morphology, crypt cell kinetics and faecal bacteriology in the ileal pouch. Forty-six patients were studied (ileal reservoir, 36; end ileostomy, ten) using clinical grading, sigmoidoscopy and biopsy; 24 patients with a reservoir were restudied after therapy for 1 month with metronidazole 400 mg three times daily. An index of villus atrophy and crypt cell production rate (CCPR) were determined in all biopsy material. Faecal bacteriology was assessed in 12 patients with a pouch before and after metronidazole therapy. The mucosa of patients with pouchitis was associated with a lower villus atrophy index (P = 0.052), a higher CCPR (P = 0.03) and a higher grade of acute inflammation than that in those without pouchitis. There was no difference in faecal bacterial counts between patients with and without pouchitis. A low atrophy index correlated with a high CCPR (P < 0.001), worse functional score (P < 0.001) and more severe pouch mucosal acute inflammation (P < 0.001), but not with faecal bacteriology. Following metronidazole therapy there was resolution of acute pouch inflammation, increased villus atrophy index (P = 0.049), decreased CCPR (P = 0.049) but no differences in faecal bacterial counts apart from Bacteroides species. These data show that metronidazole therapy does not specifically alter the growth of common faecal bacteria in patients with pouchitis, apart from Bacteroides species. However, metronidazole causes resolution of the typical changes in pouch mucosal morphology and crypt cell kinetics associated with pouchitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The influence of a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse on plaque regrowth in orthodontic patients. A randomized prospective study. Part II: Bacteriological parameters.

In a prospective plaque regrowth study focusing on oral hygiene during fixed appliance therapy 12 adolescent patients (mean age 14.1 +/- 1.5 years) were evaluated twice over 2-day test periods. In the randomized, double-blind study the influences of a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse (Corsodyl, CHX) and a commercially available dentifrice supplementing fluoride (Odol-med-3) were compared intra- and interindividually in a crossover design with regard to the bacteriological parameters. The bacteriological parameters of vital fluorescence, bacteriological counts (BC), colony forming units (CFU), plating efficiency (PE) and mutans streptococci (MS) were related to the clinically assessed indices of plaque and gingivitis. All parameters analyzed demonstrated significant differences between the control and the test (chlorhexidine) group. Where-as the values of BC, CFU, and PE progressively increased in the control group from T0 to T2, these parameters distinctly decreased in the chlorhexidine group. All values of vital flora (VF) scored around 75% in the control group compared to values of 30% in the test group. BC, CFU und PE correlated significantly. The score of mutans streptococci persisted or increased in the controls whereas mutans streptococci approached 0 in the chlorhexidine group. Until the 5th day of washout a clear-cut carry over of the chlorhexidine rinse on mutans streptococci as well as on the gingival index was evident. Since dead microorganisms remain on the tooth surface and in order to maintain oral health, chlorhexidine application might advisedly be supplemented by mechanical plaque control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Fecal bacteriology and reservoir ileitis in patients operated on for ulcerative colitis.

To investigate the etiology of ileal reservoir inflammation, fecal bacteriology and ileal wall morphology were compared in three groups of 15 patients operated on for ulcerative colitis: 1) conventional ileostomy, 2) Kock ileostomy; and 3) pelvic ileal pouch. Total bacterial counts showed overgrowth of fecal bacteria in each group, but the anaerobic bacterial counts were significantly higher (P less than .05) in the two pouch groups than in the conventional ileostomy group. Mucosal morphology did not differ among the three groups showing either normal mucosa or mild chronic inflammatory changes in most patients. In contrast, five of the six patients with clinical pouchitis had acute inflammatory changes in histologic specimens. Fecal bacteriologic findings in these patients did not differ quantitatively or qualitatively from others. It is concluded that proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis predisposes to ileal bacterial overgrowth, and after pouch operations especially, anaerobic overgrowth may be one factor in the development of pouch inflammation. Acute clinical pouchitis with clear histologic changes was, however, not connected with specific changes in fecal bacteriology.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Campylobacter pylori in Japan: bacteriological feature and prevalence in healthy subjects and patients with gastroduodenal disorders.

The presence of Campylobacter pylori was investigated in biopsy specimens obtained during gastrofiberscopy from 103 consecutive patients prospectively. Patients included 25 with gastric ulcer, 4 with duodenal ulcer, 5 with coexisting gastroduodenal ulcer, 31 with gastroduodenal ulcer with gastritis, 27 with gastritis, 3 with gastric polyps and 8 with gastric cancer. Results were compared with 20 healthy control subjects who were endoscopically normal. Two specimens each were taken from 3 sites in the stomach. One part was used for a histological study to examine the presence of the organisms. The other part was cultured using Skirrow's agar microaerophilically. Conventional microflora and C. pylori were examined in gastric contents of some cases. Bacteriological features of isolated strains of C. pylori were identical to the NCTC strain. C. pylori was the most dominant organism in gastric contents at any pH level. Detection rates of C. pylori by bacteriological culture were 96% in gastric ulcer, 100% in duodenal ulcer, 80% in coexisting gastroduodenal ulcer, 84% in gastroduodenal ulcer with gastritis, 70% in gastritis, 100% in gastric polyps and 100% in gastric cancer, and the percentages recognized by histological studies were 81, 100, 100, 84, 71, 67, and 57%, respectively. The values in healthy controls were 55% by histological and bacteriological methods (P less than 0.001 compared with overall ulcer patients). These results supported the close association between C. pylori and gastroduodenal diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A bacteriologically controlled, randomized study comparing the efficacy of 2% mupirocin ointment (Bactroban) with oral erythromycin in the treatment of patients with impetigo.

Sixty patients participated in a bacteriologically controlled, randomized, parallel group comparison of 2% mupirocin ointment (Bactroban) and oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate for the treatment of impetigo. The trial included clinical and bacteriologic evidence and safety assessments. The Investigator's Global Evaluation, which compared the overall efficacy and safety of the trial drugs, demonstrated a more favorable performance for the mupirocin regimen. This difference was statistically and clinically significant. There were no significant differences between the trial regimens for any of the other efficacy variables examined. The bacteriologic success rate was 100% for both treatment groups. There was a clinically significant difference in adverse experience rates between treatment groups, with four (13%) of the erythromycin-treated patients reporting six adverse experiences versus none of the mupirocin-treated patients. The results of the trial indicate that 2% mupirocin ointment is as safe and effective as oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate in the treatment of patients with impetigo.

Erythromycin↗
PubMed1991

Role of bacteriological monitoring of the hospital environment and medical equipment in a neonatal intensive care unit.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of performing routine monthly bacteriological surveillance of the nursery environment, resuscitation equipment, baby placement sites, medications, formula feeds, cleansing solutions and miscellaneous medical items such as intravenous cannulae in relation to development of hospital-acquired bacteraemia in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) over a period of 19 months. The study is based on a retrospective review of records from the neonatal division and the microbiology laboratory. On discriminant analysis, only three NICU sites, namely baby placements, resuscitation equipment and various cleansing solutions were found to be significantly associated with hospital-acquired infections (HAI) (P less than 0.001). The probability that a batch of newly admitted babies would develop HAI if all three sites were colonized was 0.602. Similarly, the probability if none of these sites was colonized was 0.10. On multiple logistic regression analysis, however, the relative risk of infection was greatest if baby placement sites were colonized (Odds ratio = 7.48; P less than 0.01). In contrast, pathogens present in the inanimate NICU environment, e.g. floors, walls, sink-drains or furniture were not associated with HAI. Routine bacteriological surveillance of the inanimate nursery environment, is not therefore justified. However, our results suggest that routine bacteriological monitoring of medical equipment and cleansing solutions may have a role in the prevention of HAI.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1979

Bacteriology and therapy of lung abscess in children.

The bacteriology and clinical findings of ten pediatric patients with lung abscess are presented. Bacteriologic data were based on percutaneous transtracheal aspiration obtained before initiation of antimicrobial therapy. Anaerobic bacteria were present in all ten patients; in nine they were mixed with aerobic bacteria. The most frequent isolates were Peptostreptococcus (8), Peptococcus (5), Bacteroides melaninogenicus (6), and Bacteroides fragilis (3). The aerobic isolates most frequently recovered were alpha-hemolytic streptococci (5), group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (4), and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4 each). Virtually all abscesses were located in dependent pulmonary segments. Antimicrobial therapy was guided by the bacteriologic findings and was successful in all instances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The conventionally ventilated operating theatre and air contamination control during cardiac surgery--bacteriological and particulate matter control garment options for low level contamination.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to compare the usefulness of a conventional bacteriological technique with that of particle counting under lower air contamination and better aseptic conditions achieved with special staff garments and covering for the patient. Contamination levels were estimated with continuous on line air particle counting measurement, volumetric intermittent short period aerobic bacteriological cultures and wound surface contact cultures. METHODS: In a series of 66 consecutive coronary artery bypass operations performed by the same team and in the same theatre using different types of patient and staff clothing, the impact of a reduced bacteriological and particulate contamination were assessed. The volumetric air contamination of particles > or =5 microm and bacteria-carrying particles were monitored 30 cm above the sternal wound. The bacterial contamination and bacterial wound infections in the sternal and leg wounds were assessed as well. RESULTS: With the alternative garment and textile system, the air counts fell from 25 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 to 7 CFU/m3 (P < 0.0038). The contamination of the sternal wound was reduced by 46% and that of the leg wound by >90%. In order to give continuous contamination feedback during the whole operation to the theatre staff, particle counts > or =5 microm were monitored and visualized. Air particle counts decreased rapidly from 850 particles/m3 and stabilized to approximately 50 particles/m3 when the alternative clothing system was used (P < 0.001). Low particle counts > or =5 microm should offer the possibility to indirectly estimate air bacteria carrying particle counts during the entire operation. Less than 20% of the total count in this size group carries bacteria. The low air contamination was achieved even in an ordinary ventilated theatre when individual team members used clean air suits in combination with impermeable patient drapes. When air particle level < or =50 particles/m3 is reached, the bacterial air contamination is in the order of that of orthopaedic hip operations. The staff must during the entire operation adjust their activity to air asepsis. CONCLUSIONS: The use of clean air suits and impermeable patient clothing results in a low exogenous contamination of air and wound. Continuous air particle monitoring is a good intraoperative method to monitor the air contamination longitudinally in an operating theatre.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed2002

Prophylactic antibiotics alter the bacteriology of infected necrosis in severe acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: Use of appropriate prophylactic antibiotics has been shown to decrease infectious complications and mortality rate in patients with severe acute pancreatitis, but its influence on the bacteriology of secondary pancreatic infection is poorly defined. STUDY DESIGN: Operative cultures from 61 consecutive patients with pancreatic necrosis treated during routine prophylactic antibiotic use (1993-2001) were compared with 34 consecutive patients with necrosis treated before routine antibiotic use (1977-1992). RESULTS: The two groups of patients were similar in demographics, etiology of pancreatitis, and severity of illness. All patients in the antibiotic group received prophylactic antibiotics compared with only 38% (13 of 34) in the control group. Routine broad-spectrum prophylactic antibiotics altered the bacteriology of secondary pancreatic infection in severe acute pancreatitis from predominantly gram-negative coliforms (56% versus 26%, p = 0.005) to predominately gram-positive organisms (23% versus 52%, p = 0.009) without a significant increase in either the rate of beta-lactam resistance or fungal infections. The overall hospital stay in patients treated with prophylactic antibiotics was significantly reduced (61 +/- 24 days versus 41 +/- 28 days, p = 0.002), and there was a trend toward a decline in mortality rate in the antibiotic treatment group. CONCLUSION: Routine broad-spectrum prophylactic antibiotic use has altered the bacteriology of secondary pancreatic infection in severe acute pancreatitis from predominantly gram-negative coliforms to predominantly gram-positive organisms without altering the rate of beta-lactam resistance or fungal superinfection.

Acute Disease↗