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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Asthma and allergies among children in West and East Germany: a comparison between Münster and Greifswald using the ISAAC phase I protocol. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.

The study aim was to compare the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in children living in Münster, western Germany, and Greifswald, eastern Germany, and to investigate associations of several characteristics and exposures with atopic disease symptoms. In 1994 and 1995, questionnaire information was gathered on 5-8 yr old children (n=3,741 in Münster and n=2,857 in Greifswald) and 12-15 yr olds (n=4,003 and n= 3,153, respectively) using the phase I protocol of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). The 12 month period prevalences of reported atopic disease symptoms in 5-8 yr olds were generally higher in Münster than in Greifswald, whereas only a few prevalence differences were observed in 12-15 yr olds. In both age groups the reported lifetime prevalences of asthma, hay fever and eczema were lower in Greifswald. Indoor exposures such as wood or coal heating and feather bedding were negatively associated with symptoms, whereas exposures such as truck traffic in a residential street or active smoking were positively associated with symptoms. Wood or coal heating could partly explain the prevalence difference of allergic rhinitis symptoms among 5-8 yr olds between Münster and Greifswald. The findings provide additional evidence for a role of several characteristics and exposures as potential determinants of asthma and allergies in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phadiatop in the diagnosis of respiratory allergy in children: Allergy Project--PROAL].

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the positivity of Phadiatop in children from several Brazilian pediatric allergology centers and to compare its results with the presence of serum specific IgE to inhalant and food allergens. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Phadiatop and serum specific IgE levels (RAST) to inhalant and food allergens (UniCAP - Pharmacia) were measured in 457 children from several pediatric allergy centers and in a non-allergic control group (n = 62), distributed across five age groups. RESULTS: Phadiatop was positive in 305 atopic children (67.6%) and in 25.8% of controls (p < 0.001). Among atopic children the distribution of positive test varied according to age: 7.9% (24/305) among under 2 year-olds, 15.4% (47/305) in 2 to 3 year-olds, 22.0% (67/305) in 3 to 4 year-olds, 19.3% (59/305) in 4 to 5 year-olds and 35.4% (108/305) in 5 to 12 year-olds. No concordance between food allergens and Phadiatop was observed. Analysis of the relationship between positive inhaled allergen RASTs and positive Phadiatop showed best indices with house dust mites (D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae and Blomia tropicalis). CONCLUSIONS: Phadiatop is a useful tool for diagnosing domestic mite allergy.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1999

[Prevalence rate of allergy to Japanese cedar pollen in Tokyo--from field investigation in 1996 by Tokyo Japanese Cedar Pollen Allergy Measurements and Review Committee].

Prevalence rate of allergy to Japanese cedar pollen was investigated by means of questionnaires and immunological examinations in residents of 3 regions in Tokyo (Akiruno city, Chofu city, and Ota ward). The results were as follows: 1) the prevalence rate of allergy to Japanese cedar pollen in Tokyo was 25.7% in Akiruno city, 21.1% in Chofu city, and 17.7% in Ota ward in 1996; 2) stratification by the age reveal that the prevalence rate was the highest in the age group of 30 to 44, and the group showed prevalence rate of above 40% in Akiruno city; 3) overall prevalence rate of Tokyo was 19.4% in 1996, which was approximately twice as much as that in 1985; 4) increase in prevalence rate in the recent decade was most significant in Akiruno city where the largest number of Japanese cedar pollen was detected in the air, and prevalence rate tended to rise in the young group of 14 or less.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Honey allergy in adult allergy practice.

Honey allergy is a very rare condition which shows a clinical picture ranging from cough to anaphylaxis after ingestion of honey. Here we report 5 cases of honey allergy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of allergy to globe artichoke and other clinical cases of rare food allergy.

We describe herein four unusual clinical cases of rare allergy to foods in patients affected by allergic rhinitis and asthma. The patients were skin tested both with commercial food extracts and using prick-prick procedure with fresh foods. Total and specific IgE in serum were determined by REAST. Grapes, lupine seeds, black mulberry and artichoke resulted positive in the patients under study. This is the first time allergy to ingested artichoke has been described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

First survey from the "Allergy Vigilance Network": life-threatening food allergies in France.

The Allergo-vigilance Network including 200 French allergologists and 28 European ones, has three objectives: to index the cases of lethal or prelethal anaphylaxis, to evaluate the prevalence of food allergies, clinical pictures and allergens, and to implement the post-marketing surveillance of the allergic risk of novel foods. The first survey dealing with life-threatening food allergies leads to an estimation of 15,000 to 30,000 reactions per year in France. The AVN could be a helpful tool for public health organizations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral allergy syndrome (pollen-food allergy syndrome).

A case of Oral Allergy syndrome or Pollen-Food Allergy Syndrome is briefly discussed. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management of this syndrome are discussed followed by clinical pearls and pitfalls for the practicing allergist. Symptoms generally occur with the ingestion of raw fruits/vegetables and nuts; cooked foods are not a problem. Symptoms are caused by a heat-labile protein in fruits, vegetables, and nuts that cross-reacts with proteins in aeroallergens. Cross-reactive proteins share homologous epitopes, and several groups with similar homologous proteins have been identified; many of these groups are referred to as pathogenesis-related proteins.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Immunological parameters in the sera of patients with atopic dermatitis and airborne allergy treated with allergy vaccines.

Patients with atopic disorders present an increased production of IgE, which is usually limited to specific antibodies against various environmental allergens. It has also been suggested that the production of these antibodies may be influenced by effective specific immunotherapy (SIT). Of course, a decline of serum antigen specific IgE in the course of such a treatment cannot explain the clinical efficacy of SIT and is probably not a key mechanism. However, SIT may at least participate in the final clinical result. In this study, 37 patients with atopic dermatitis were treated with allergy vaccines (Novo-Helisen Depot) for a time period of 48 months. The control group consisted of 29 patients with atopic dermatitis who were treated with classical methods. The clinical score (W-AZS), total IgE and antigen specific IgE (asIgE) in the sera of patients were assessed before treatment and after 24 and 48 months of therapy (FEIA CAP System, Pharmacia). There was a significant difference between the two investigated groups from both the clinical and immunological standpoints after 2 and 4 years of observation. There was a significant decrease of serum total IgE and asIgE (directed against airborne allergens) in the course of specific immunotherapy. In the control group, the total IgE level tended to increase, and this tendency was also recorded in case of asIgE measurements. We also evaluated the influence of specific immunotherapy on the serum level of IFN-G, sIL-2R, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 before treatment and after 4 years of therapy with the quantitative 2-step colorimetric sandwich ELISA method (R and D Systems). In the group of patients treated with allergy vaccines, a significant decrease of the serum sIL-2R level was observed after 48 months of therapy (p<0.01). In the control group, a significant increase of serum IL-4 (p<0.01) as well as IL-5 (p<0.05) was registered at the end of the observation period. There was no significant correlation between the clinical score and serum level of any of the investigated cytokines in either group of patients before the treatment or after 48 months of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Phoenix sylvestris Roxb pollen allergy: a 2-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up study of immunotherapy in patients with seasonal allergy in an agricultural area of West Bengal, India.

BACKGROUND: Although the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy has been demonstrated in seasonal pollen allergy, there is no report of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial with standardized pollen extract in seasonal respiratory allergy from India. In the agricultural area of eastern India, Phoenix sylvestris Roxb or date sugar palm is grown or cultivated and seasonal allergic rhinitis is common during the pollen season. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to observe the clinical and immunological changes during a 2-year double-blind placebo-controlled trial of immunotherapy with standardized P sylvestris pollen extract in respiratory patients sensitive to pollen from this wild date palm. Thirty-five subjects with typical seasonal allergic rhinitis with or without bronchial asthma were selected. A symptom-medication score (based on a questionnaire and diary) was correlated with pollen counts as recorded in a Burkard sampler. Eighteen subjects were randomized to a specific immunotherapy (SIT) group receiving regular injections containing standardized allergen extract and 17 to a placebo control group. Changes in the level of specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, IgG1, and IgG4 were recorded at 3-month intervals. Measurement of wheal diameter, total IgE level and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were performed before starting and a month after finishing therapy. RESULTS: The SIT group showed decreases of 33.5% and 57% from the baseline symptom-medication scores during the first and second treatment season, respectively. This group showed significant decreases in skin-reactivity to P sylvestris pollen extract and in specific IgE levels, and significant increases in FEV,, specific IgGI (1.95-3.2 times higher) and IgG4 (21.24-30.83 times higher). There were no significant changes in total IgE levels. The control group showed no significant changes for any parameter except the development of new sensitization in 2 cases (to Saccharum officinarum pollen grain and Alternaria species spores). The rate of local adverse reactions was 0.024%. CONCLUSION: After a 2-year study, allergen immunotherapy with standardized P sylvestris pollen extract was found to be effective in seasonal respiratory allergic subjects susceptible to P sylvestris pollen with a narrow range of sensitization.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Blood tests for allergy in children. Allergy Section, Canadian Paediatric Society.

Skin tests and RASTs are important tools but do not by themselves make or exclude the diagnosis of allergy. Positive results require a confirmatory medical history, whereas negative results exclude IgE-mediated allergy with a high degree of reliability. Skins tests are preferred for routine use, because with appropriate procedural controls they are simpler, give rapid results and are cost-effective. RASTs are an excellent alternative when skin tests are precluded. Disorders such as asthma and allergic rhinitis may be provoked by irritants (e.g., cigarette smoke), physical factors (e.g., cold, dry air) and chemical substances (e.g., acetylsalicylic acid) and metabisulfite), none of which involve an IgE-antibody-mediated mechanism.

Allergens↗
PubMed1988

Metal allergy in cashiers. An in vitro and in vivo study for the presence of metal allergy.

Thirty healthy cashiers continuously exposed to nickel in coins were tested in vivo and in vitro for the presence of metal contact allergy. A traditional epicutaneous test and lymphocyte transformation test were used. We tested for nickel, cobalt and chromium sensitivity. Seven of the 30 cashiers were patch test positive and 3 were in vitro positive to nickel sulphate. Two were in vivo positive to cobalt and only one in vitro positive. None was chromium allergic. There was no correlation between the exposure time and the lymphocyte response towards nickel. The presence of pierced and non-pierced ear lobes was noted with and without eczema in conjunction with the wearing of ear-rings containing nickel. The lymphocyte reactivity showed no significant difference between these groups. Only 5 out of the 12 with ear lobe dermatitis were patch test positive towards nickel. The data suggest that nickel as test substance or released from nickel-containing jewellery can evoke a cutaneous response which is not always associated with allergy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Penicillin allergy. Provocation in patients with suspected penicillin allergy].

In 61 patients, all Penicilloyl-RAST-negative and with histories of possible allergy to penicillins, a testing procedure to detect penicillin allergy was performed. Sixteen of the patients reacted to the challenge. No serious reactions were registered, although one patient developed an extensive local reaction several hours after intracutaneous application. The testing procedure is considered safe for the patient, if extreme dilutions are used primarily, sufficient observation time is allowed and equipment for treating possible anaphylactic reactions is available. The procedure should be performed in selected patients only. Information about the primary reaction was not useful as a diagnostic parameter for allergic reactions.

Allergens↗
PubMed1978

Whither allergy or wither allergy.

The specialty of allergy appears to be at a scientific and economic crossroad. With a significant number of scientific papers questioning the value of immunotherapy, the movement of the country towards prepaid care and the necessity for demonstrating cost/benefit ratio for all therapeutic procedures, the specialty of allergy can present an enigma.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1984

Biologically active molecules regulating the IgE antibody system: biochemical and biological comparisons of suppressive factor of allergy (SFA) and enhancing factor of allergy (EFA).

Studies in recent years directed at unraveling the complex regulatory mechanisms controlling IgE antibody production have demonstrated the existence of soluble factors that exert selective regulatory effects on the IgE antibody system. In addition, the demonstration of IgE-specific Fc receptors (FcR epsilon) on B and T lymphocytes, especially after exposure to high concentrations of IgE either in vivo or in vitro, has provided increasingly strong indications of an important role for such cells in the overall control of the IgE system. In our own laboratory, we have been studying soluble regulatory factors known as suppressive factor of allergy (SFA) and enhancing factor of allergy (EFA), which were initially identified by their selective, and opposing, regulatory effects on in vivo IgE responses in inbred mice. More recently, in an in vitro system in which it is possible to induce the de novo expression of FcR epsilon on lymphocytes cultured in the presence of monoclonal IgE, we reported that concomitant exposure of such cultured cells to SFA selectively blocked the induction of FcR epsilon expression. In the present study, we have extended these investigations by making a direct comparison between certain biological properties and biochemical characteristics of SFA and EFA. We found that SFA and EFA can be distinguished biochemically on the basis of size, SFA falling in the range of 30,000 daltons or so, and EFA falling in the range of 15,000 daltons. In examining their biological properties, we unexpectedly found that although SFA-enriched and EFA-enriched fractions exert dramatically distinct biological effects on in vivo IgE antibody synthesis (as implied by their names), the two respective active fractions are totally indistinguishable in their inhibitory effects on IgE-mediated induction of FcR epsilon + lymphocytes in vitro when intact spleen cell populations are exposed to monoclonal IgE. That the active entities in SFA and EFA responsible for inhibition of FcR epsilon induction do not exhibit IgE-binding properties was shown by the fact that adsorption on IgE-coupled affinity columns had no appreciable effect on their inhibitory capacities. This distinguishes these molecules from the IgE-binding factors described by Ishizaka and colleagues. Moreover, as previously documented for SFA, we found that EFA neither possesses immunoglobulinlike determinants nor binds to other immunoglobulin class molecules. Finally, chromatographically fractionated EFA was shown to exert its enhancing activity on in vivo IgE antibody production across strain barriers, thereby ruling out any genetic restriction on its functional capacity. A similar absence of genetic

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Diagnosis of allergies in ORL practice. Indications for the allergy test].

Many allergic patients who are subsequently treated by bronchopulmonary specialists present first to otolaryngologists who should be able to recognize the initial symptoms of systemic allergy. The various diseases which require full allergy investigation are reviewed, based on a survey of the literature.

Food Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1980

Location of the allergenic monomer in warm-polymerized acrylic dentures. Part I: Causes of denture sore mouth, incidence of allergy, different allergens and test methods on suspicion of allergy to denture material - a survey of the literature. Case report, allergenic analysis of denture and test casting.

In the literature dealing with causes of denture sore mouth (D.S.M.) a review is given of some possible allergenic factors in acrylic dentures and of testing procedures, as well as of the incidence of allergy. A report is presented of a patient with D.S.M., the cause of which was allergy to the denture material. Skin tests showed that the surface of the upper denture in contact with the hard palate was allergenic, but not the vestibular surface in contact with the cheeks. The lingual surfaces of the lower denture were not allergenic (the other surfaces were not investigated at this sitting). It could not be ruled out that the resin might be inhomogeneous as regards the allergenic factor. The allergenic properties were verified with test castings in the form of discs made under similar conditions to those for the palatal surface. A test casting made in the same way as the vestibular side of the upper denture showed allergenic properties before polishing. The absence of allergenic properties at this point of the denture could be explained by means of another experiment with a test casting in which the allergenic properties disappeared after polishing of the surface of the resin. The working theory was set up that both the palatal and vestibular surfaces of the denture are allergenic, but that this is eliminated by polishing of the latter. The theory was tested in Part III. It was ruled out that the impression material and insulating material could be allergenic. This study is continued in Parts II and III.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1994

[Dynamic diagnosis of allergy by the sequential measurement of mediators: apropos of a case of food allergy].

Objective improvement in the diagnosis of immuno-allergology can only be obtained by application of reliable and reproducible immuno-biological methods, but until now, only measurements of total and specific IgE can be used and this has certain limitations. Presence of specific serum IgE, correlated with skin tests, favours a sensitization and implies nothing about the responsibility of the allergens. This is why we must consider if a definite improvement of diagnostic methods can be obtained by measurement of mediators. From an observation of food allergy to pork meat, we now show that it is possible to use sequential measurements of the mediators plasma histamine and urinary methylhistamine, ECP and serum tryptase to refine the diagnosis and provide proof of the responsibility of the food allergen. We report here a didactic observation which is characterised by reproducibility and specificity of the measurements. It illustrates the progress in diagnostic methods in allergy: we give a statistical diagnosis by measurement of antibodies and a dynamic diagnosis by measurement of mediators.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Maternal allergen stimulation suppressed respiratory allergy in offspring: with special reference to allergy related cells in the tonsil.

Pregnant mice and Hartley guinea pigs were immunized with T dependent antigen, heterologous erythrocyte and ovalbumin (OVA), and the active immune responsiveness as well as the allergic symptoms of the offspring were investigated. Guinea pigs were also sensitized to OVA intraperitoneally and subcutaneously with a 100 mg/ml solution of saline containing 5 mg of AI(OH)(3) as an adjuvant. Six weeks after the initial allergen stimulation, systemic and local anaphylaxis as elicited by 1-min aerosol administration of a nebulizer and monitored by macroscopic vision accompanied by a time trial for respiratory and cardiac arrest. Serum antibody levels were tested by passive hemagglutination as well as passive cutaneous anaphylaxis especially for the estimation of IgE levels. Nasal, tonsillar and bronchial tissues were also prepared and fixed, followed by hematoxylin and eosin staining for histological observation. In the offspring of mothers who had been stimulated with optimal amounts of the allergen and had fully developed specific antibodies against the allergen, there was a clear-cut suppression in the development of a specific respiratory allergy over a significant period after delivery. The effect was confirmed by systemic and local anaphylaxis, eosinophil infiltration, ciliary deformation in nasal mucosae and the tonsillar site in the complex interaction of various cell types and mediators eliciting the clinical respiratory symptoms, in particular nasal hypersensitivity. In a different experimental model, the mouse model, these biological findings were not regulated by maternal transferable antibody or antigen fragments from the mother. The induction of suppressor T cell (CD(4+)) in offspring depends on the recognition of the antigens presented in association with the same MHC haplotype as that utilized in the maternal T cell response during pregnancy. These results suggest the presence of suppression mechanisms in the offspring of mothers stimulated during pregnancy. From these results, we discuss the mechanisms for suppression and protective efficacy for respiratory allergy as well as possible side effects in the young of mothers stimulated during pregnancy.

Allergens↗