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PubMed2000

Coulomb gap: how a metal film becomes an insulator

Electron tunneling measurements of the density of states (DOS) in ultrathin Be films reveal that a correlation gap mediates their insulating behavior. In films with sheet resistance R<5000 Omega the correlation singularity appears as the usual perturbative ln(V) zero bias anomaly (ZBA) in the DOS. As R is increased further, however, the ZBA grows and begins to dominate the DOS spectrum. This evolution continues until a nonperturbative |V| Efros-Shklovskii Coulomb gap spectrum finally emerges in the highest R films. Transport measurements of films which display this gap are well described by a universal variable range hopping law R(T) = (h/2e(2))exp(T0/T)(1/2).

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Measurement of the WW production cross section in pp collisions at square root[s]=1.96 TeV.

We present a measurement of the W boson pair-production cross section in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV. The data, collected with the Run II D0 detector at Fermilab, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 224-252 pb(-1) depending on the final state (ee, emu, or mumu). We observe 25 candidates with a background expectation of 8.1+/-0.6(stat)+/-0.6(syst)+/-0.5(lum) events. The probability for an upward fluctuation of the background to produce the observed signal is 2.3x10(-7), equivalent to 5.2 standard deviations. The measurement yields a cross section of 13.8(+4.3)(-3.8)(stat)+1.2-0.9(syst)+/-0.9(lum) pb, in agreement with predictions from the standard model.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Activating and inhibitory IgG Fc receptors on human DCs mediate opposing functions.

Human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) and circulating conventional DCs coexpress activating (CD32a) and inhibitory (CD32b) isoforms of IgG Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) II (CD32). The balance between these divergent receptors establishes a threshold of DC activation and enables immune complexes to mediate opposing effects on DC maturation and function. IFN-gamma most potently favors CD32a expression on immature DCs, whereas soluble antiinflammatory concentrations of monomeric IgG have the opposite effect. Ligation of CD32a leads to DC maturation, increased stimulation of allogeneic T cells, and enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, with the exception of IL-12p70. Coligation of CD32b limits activation through CD32a and hence reduces the immunogenicity of moDCs even for a strong stimulus like alloantigen. Targeting CD32b alone does not mature or activate DCs but rather maintains an immature state. Coexpression of activating and inhibitory FcgammaRs by DCs reveals a homeostatic checkpoint for inducing tolerance or immunity by immune complexes. These findings have important implications for understanding the pathophysiology of immune complex diseases and for optimizing the efficacy of therapeutic mAbs. The data also suggest novel strategies for targeting antigens to the activating or inhibitory FcgammaRs on human DCs to generate either antigen-specific immunity or tolerance.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1976

Admission procedures: A survey of current methodology.

A survey was conducted by the Department of Medical Technology at Wayne State University to determine current admission procedures for student selection. With more applicants applying for clinical education than can be accepted, the selection process becomes critical. Questionnaires were sent to institutions throughout the United States with accredited programs in medical technology. Among the findings, trends indicate the use of grade point average, separate evaluation of science grades, use of an admissions committee, and a dependence on references and transcripts in selecting students. In addition, the study shows that in all the accredited programs surveyed, including universities, hospitals, Veterans Administration hospitals, and others, an average of 82 students apply each year for the 15 available positions, a ratio of 5.5:1.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed2005

Photon transitions in Upsilon(2S) and Upsilon(3S) decays.

We have studied the inclusive photon spectra in Upsilon(2S) and Upsilon(3S) decays using a large statistics data sample obtained with the CLEO III detector. We present the most precise measurements of electric dipole (E1) photon transition rates and photon energies for Upsilon(2S) --> gammachi(bJ)(1P) and Upsilon(3S) --> gammachi(bJ)(2P) (J = 0, 1, 2). We measure the rate for a rare E1 transition Upsilon(3S) --> gammachi(b0)(1P) for the first time. We also set upper limits on the rates for the hindered magnetic dipole (M1) transitions to the eta(b)(1S) and eta(b)(2S) states.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

LWS cone effects on rod threshold and saturation in achromats with residual cone function.

Rod saturation on flashed and steady red backgrounds was investigated in normals and three achromats, two of whom were found to have some residual cone function. LWS cones selectively reduce the background level at which rod saturation occurs and elevate rod thresholds at flashed background levels well below saturation. Both of these LWS cone actions are also present in eyes with greatly reduced LWS cone function. In normal eyes LWS cones also elevate rod thresholds on steady backgrounds. We thus conclude that LWS cones influence rods through different mechanisms under transient (flashed) and steady-state background stimulation and that the increase in rod visual sensitivity observed during prolonged presentation of a background is due to a time-dependent reduction of LWS cone influence on rods. Finally, the finding that rod-cone interactions of the same magnitude found in normals can be seen in individuals where the cones' ability to mediate vision is severely reduced suggests the rod saturation paradigm as a sensitive technique for revealing residual LWS cone function.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed2005

Beam-helicity asymmetries in double-charged-pion photoproduction on the proton.

Beam-helicity asymmetries for the two-pion-photoproduction reaction gammap-->ppi(+)pi(-) have been studied for the first time in the resonance region for center-of-mass energies between 1.35 and 2.30 GeV. The experiment was performed at Jefferson Lab with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer using circularly polarized tagged photons incident on an unpolarized hydrogen target. Beam-helicity-dependent angular distributions of the final-state particles were measured. The large cross-section asymmetries exhibit strong sensitivity to the kinematics and dynamics of the reaction. The data are compared with the results of various phenomenological model calculations, and show that these models currently do not provide an adequate description for the behavior of this new observable.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Radioimmunoassay of meterelin and pharmacokinetics after single injection and implant administration in dogs.

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for a novel luteinizing-hormone-releasing-hormone (LHRH) agonist, [2-Me-D-Trp6, DesGly10]LHRH ethylamide (meterelin), was developed for documenting the pharmacokinetic parameters of this peptide following its intravenous (iv) and subcutaneous (sc) administration in dogs. The assay was also used for monitoring meterelin in plasma following its release from d,l-lactide-glycolide implants in the same species. Rabbit antisera generated against [DespyroGlu1] meterelin and conjugated to bovine serum albumin with glutaraldehyde showed high specificity, whereas crossreactivity to LHRH and its fragments and to analogs with substitutions at residues 6 and 10 was found insignificant. The assay was validated in terms of accuracy (recovery range, 94.0-105.4%), in terms of precision (intra- and interassay variations of 10.0-12.4% and 8.6-11.3%, respectively), and in terms of sensitivity (minimum detectable dose of 2.7 pg/assay). Following iv acute administration, a biexponential decline of plasma meterelin levels was observed, with distribution and elimination half-lives of 5.9 +/- 2.5 and 106 +/- 22 min, respectively. After sc acute administration, the elimination half-life was in the range of 103 to 173 min. The systemic clearance (CLT) ranged from 1.6 to 2.6 mL/min/kg, and the volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) varied from 285 to 438 mL/kg. The elimination half-life (T1/2 beta), Vdss, and ClT were not significantly different after both routes of administration over the 1-100-microgram/kg dose range of peptide studied. Castrate levels of testosterone were attained 10 days after sc administration of the implant, lasted for up to 247 days, and were well correlated with plasma levels of meterelin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Search for associated higgs boson production WH-->WWW*-->l+/-nul'+/-nu'+X in pp collisions at square root s=1.96 Te V.

We present a search for associated Higgs boson production in the process pp-->WH-->WWW*-->l;+/-nul'+/-nu'+X in final states containing two like-sign isolated electrons or muons (e+/-e;+/-, e+/-micro+/-, or micro+/-micro+/-). The search is based on D0 run II data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 360-380 pb-1. No excess is observed over the predicted standard model background. We set 95% C.L. upper limits on sigma(pp-->WH)xBr(H-->WW*) between 3.2 and 2.8 pb for Higgs boson masses from 115 to 175 GeV.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Measurement of inclusive differential cross sections for pp collisions at (square root)s = 1.96 TeV.

We present measurements of the inclusive production cross sections of the Gamma(1S) bottomonium state in pp collisions at (square root)s = 1.96 TeV. Using the Gamma(1S) --> mu(+)mu(-) decay mode for a data sample of 159 +/- 10 pb(-1) collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, we determine the differential cross sections as a function of the Gamma(1S) transverse momentum for three ranges of the Gamma(1S) rapidity: 0 < y(Gamma) < or = 0.6, 0.6 < y(Gamma) < or = 1.2, and 1.2 < y(Gamma) < or = 1.8.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

The respiratory response to inspiratory resistive loading during rapid eye movement sleep in humans.

We investigated the respiratory response to an added inspiratory resistive load (IRL) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in humans and compared this with those in non-REM (NREM) sleep and wakefulness. Results were obtained from 7 out of 15 healthy subjects (n = 7; 32 +/- 9 years, mean +/- s.d.). Linearised IRLs (4 and 12 cmH(2)O l(-1) s(-1)) were applied for five breaths during NREM sleep (4-10 trials per subject; total 101), REM sleep (2-5 trials; total 46) and wakefulness (2-3 trials; total 40). Respiratory variables were compared, between unloaded breathing (UL: mean of 5 breaths preceding IRL) and the 1st (B1) and 5th (B5) loaded breaths in each state. During wakefulness, 12 cmH(2)O l(-1) s(-1) IRL produced an immediate respiratory compensation with prolongation of inspiratory time (T(I); UL: 2.0 +/- 0.6; B1: 2.6 +/- 0.7 s) and an increase in tidal volume (V(T); UL: 0.49 +/- 0.12; B1: 0.52 +/- 0.12 l). During REM sleep, T(I) was prolonged (UL: 2.0 +/- 0.3; B1: 2.2 +/- 0.5 s), although V(T) fell (UL: 0.27 +/- 0.15; B1: 0.22 +/- 0.10 l). For both wakefulness and REM sleep the TI response was significantly greater than seen in NREM sleep (UL: 1.9 +/- 0.3; B1: 1.9 +/- 0.3 s.). For VT, only the wakefulness response was significantly different from NREM sleep (UL: 0.31 +/- 0.14; B1: 0.21 +/- 0.10 l). The B5 responses were not significantly different between states for any of the variables. REM sleep is associated with partial respiratory load compensation suggesting that exacerbation of sleep disordered breathing in REM (compared to NREM) sleep is unlikely to be secondary to an inability to overcome increases in upper airway resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Search for anomalous heavy-flavor quark production in association with W bosons.

We search for anomalous production of heavy-flavor quark jets in association with W bosons at the Fermilab Tevatron pp Collider in final states in which the heavy-flavor quark content is enhanced by requiring at least one tagged jet in an event. Jets are tagged using one algorithm based on semileptonic decays of b/c hadrons, and another on their lifetimes. We compare e+jets (164 pb(-1)) and mu+jets (145 pb(-1)) channels collected with the D0 detector at sqrt[s]=1.96 TeV to expectations from the standard model and set upper limits on anomalous production of such events.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

More awakenings and heart rate variability during supine sleep in preterm infants.

OBJECTIVE: The Task Force of The American Academy of Pediatrics (1996) recommends the nonprone sleeping position for asymptomatic preterm infants to prevent sudden infant death syndrome. The mechanism by which the nonprone sleeping position reduces the rate of sudden infant death syndrome is unclear for full-term infants and the precise effect of sleeping position on sleep and cardiorespiratory characteristics has never been addressed in preterm infants. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effect of sleeping position on sleep and cardiorespiratory characteristics in preterm infants at an age when they are ready for discharge. STUDY DESIGN: Sixteen asymptomatic preterm infants were studied in both supine and prone sleeping positions at 36.5 +/- 0.6 weeks' postconceptional age using videosomnography. Sleep, respiratory, and heart rate characteristics were compared between the two positions using each infant as his/her own control. RESULTS: More awakenings (ie, arousals >/=60 seconds) were seen during all sleep states in the supine sleeping position but overall the total sleep and percent sleep state were not affected by sleeping position. After each feeding, the first quiet sleep was significantly shorter, with more heart rate variability and awakenings in the supine position. There were no significant differences in the occurrence of arousals (<60 seconds) or the incidence or severity of apnea and periodic breathing. No clinically significant apnea (>/=15 seconds), bradycardia, or oxygen desaturations were seen. CONCLUSION: In 36-week-postconceptional age preterm infants, the supine sleeping position had less quiet sleep and was associated with greater heart rate variability during the first sleep cycle after the feeding. More awakenings were seen during all sleep states in the supine position. These data support the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation for "Back to Sleep" for asymptomatic preterm infants because more awakenings and lower threshold for arousal may provide some benefit for the infant responding to a life-threatening event. However, further studies are needed to address positional effect on the physiologic measures in preterm infants at older ages (later stages of development). Precisely what constitutes the most healthy or advantageous sleep for newborn infants remains an important question.

Arousal↗
PubMed2005

Search for supersymmetry via associated production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three leptons.

A search for associated production of charginos and neutralinos is performed using data recorded with the D0 detector at a pp center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. This analysis considers final states with missing transverse energy and three charged leptons, of which at least two are electrons or muons. No evidence for supersymmetry is found in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 320 pb-1. Limits on the product of the production cross section and leptonic branching fraction are set. For the minimal supergravity model, a chargino lower mass limit of 117 GeV at the 95% C.L. is derived in regions of parameter space with enhanced leptonic branching fractions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Oligoclonal expansion of CD45RO+ T lymphocytes in Omenn syndrome.

Omenn syndrome comprises a rare form of combined immunodeficiency with TH2-type features of eosinophilia and elevated IgE. Previous studies have led to reports of restricted heterogeneity in the T lymphocyte repertoire, and in vitro cloned T lymphocytes have been shown to produce IL-4 and IL-5. We hypothesized that (1) T cell receptor beta V(D)J DNA sequence analysis would confirm and further define the putative restricted heterogeneity, and (2) increased production of IL-4 and IL-5 should be found in nonstimulated T lymphocytes, if the molecular pathogenesis of Omenn syndrome is an uncontrolled TH2 state. We report the results of molecular analyses of T lymphocytes from an untreated 3-month-old patient. Oligoclonal T cell receptor beta variable gene usage was found. Sequence analysis revealed sets of identical V(D)J sequences, each in-frame, with apparently normal N-diversification and no obvious antigen combining site motif. From fresh, nonstimulated lymphocytes, proinflammatory TH1 cytokines could be detected, but TH2 cytokines could not, so that a simple TH1/TH2 paradigm cannot explain the eosinophilia and elevated IgE in Omenn syndrome. Our studies fully document for the first time at the molecular level that clonally expanded populations of T lymphocytes are present in Omenn syndrome.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Brooks v. Fair, 29 June 1988.

The mother of a child conceived by means of artificial insemination sought to establish the nonpaternity of her former husband who, when married, had agreed to the artificial insemination by a third-party donor. The former husband opposed the mother's action. The Court of Appeals of Ohio held that a statute enacted in 1982 providing for an action to determine the existence or nonexistence of paternity could not be applied retroactively to a birth that had occurred in 1975. It also ruled that it was against public policy to establish the nonpaternity of a husband when the parties to a marriage agree to conceive a child by means of artificial insemination. On 15 September 1988, the Illinois Appellate Court held that failure to obtain the written consent of a husband before a wife undergoes an artificial insemination procedure, as required by state law, does not bar imposition of the duty of support on the husband. It upheld the decision of a lower court imposing such a duty on the basis of the husband's conduct before, during, and after the birth of the child. See In re Adams, Family Law Reporter, Vol. 15, 1 November 1988, p. 1005.

Americas↗
PubMed2003

Symmetry and geometry considerations of atom transfer: deoxygenation of (silox)3WNO and R3PO (R = Me, Ph, (t)Bu) by (silox)3M (M = V, NbL (L = PMe3, 4-picoline), Ta; silox = (t)Bu3SiO).

Deoxygenations of (silox)(3)WNO (12) and R(3)PO (R = Me, Ph, (t)Bu) by M(silox)(3) (1-M; M = V, NbL (L = PMe(3), 4-picoline), Ta; silox = (t)Bu(3)SiO) reflect the consequences of electronic effects enforced by a limiting steric environment. 1-Ta rapidly deoxygenated R(3)PO (23 degrees C; R = Me (DeltaG degrees (rxn)(calcd) = -47 kcal/mol), Ph) but not (t)Bu(3)PO (85 degrees, >2 days), and cyclometalation competed with deoxygenation of 12 to (silox)(3)WN (11) and (silox)(3)TaO (3-Ta; DeltaG degrees (rxn)(calcd) = -100 kcal/mol). 1-V deoxygenated 12 slowly and formed stable adducts (silox)(3)V-OPR(3) (3-OPR(3)) with OPR(3). 1-Nb(4-picoline) (S = 0) and 1-NbPMe(3) (S = 1) deoxygenated R(3)PO (23 degrees C; R = Me (DeltaG degrees (rxn)(calcd from 1-Nb) = -47 kcal/mol), Ph) rapidly and 12 slowly (DeltaG degrees (rxn)(calcd) = -100 kcal/mol), and failed to deoxygenate (t)Bu(3)PO. Access to a triplet state is critical for substrate (EO) binding, and the S --> T barrier of approximately 17 kcal/mol (calcd) hinders deoxygenations by 1-Ta, while 1-V (S = 1) and 1-Nb (S --> T barrier approximately 2 kcal/mol) are competent. Once binding occurs, significant mixing with an (1)A(1) excited state derived from population of a sigma-orbital is needed to ensure a low-energy intersystem crossing of the (3)A(2) (reactant) and (1)A(1) (product) states. Correlation of a reactant sigma-orbital with a product sigma-orbital is required, and the greater the degree of bending in the (silox)(3)M-O-E angle, the more mixing energetically lowers the intersystem crossing point. The inability of substrates EO = 12 and (t)Bu(3)PO to attain a bent 90 degree angle M-O-E due to sterics explains their slow or negligible deoxygenations. Syntheses of relevant compounds and ramifications of the results are discussed. X-ray structural details are provided for 3-OPMe(3) (90 degree angle V-O-P = 157.61(9) degrees), 3-OP(t)Bu(3) ( 90 degree angle V-O-P = 180 degrees ), 1-NbPMe(3), and (silox)(3)ClWO (9).

Journal Article↗