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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Some epidemiological features of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and ATL in Nigerians.

With a seroprevalence rate (SPR) of 6%-10% among healthy adult blood donors (ABD), Nigeria and other African locales represent an endemic zone for HTLV-I. We studied SPR in patients with leukaemia, lymphomas, solid tumours, and chronic disorders, as well as in groups of men and women with varying sexual lifestyles. Serum specimens were screened with ELISA and then confirmed with Western blot (WB). Sexual practices were investigated among volunteers of different sexual backgrounds by means of a questionnaire. Female prostitutes (FP) (13.0%) and patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDP) (16.7%) had the highest SPR while a low rate occurred in religious celibate males (RCM) but not in religious celibate females (RCF) (11.8%). Heterosexual activity as well as geographical location of the place of birth constituted the most important risk factors for HTLV-I. HIV antibodies were demonstrable in none of the study subjects. ATL was associated with 100% SPR (4/4) while SPR in other clinical states were not different from normal. Western blot profile was rarely of strong poly band but more frequently of weak oligo band pattern with absent or weak p19 compared to p24. Only 18% of non Hodgkin's lymphoma in Ibadan, Nigeria was seropositive compared to 50% and > 60% in Japanese and Caribbean endemic zones respectively. The high SPR and aberrant WB profiles indicate reactivity to HTLV-I and to an HTLV-II-like activity, probably a new virus in the region. Excluding the aberrant WB profile, SPR based on HTLV-I-related profile was 3.8%-4.8% in ABD, 13% in FP, 10% in STDP, 1.9% in RCM, 0% in RCF, and 25% in ATL patients. The HTLV-II-related profile showed no such heterosexual association, but occurred in 75% of ATL patients. HTLV-I and probably and an HTLV-II-like virus appear to play a role in STD and lymphoma epidemiology in Nigeria.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Diverse properties of human t(8;14) neoplasms: [1] ATLS and absence of BCL-2 [2] modulation of RAG-1 expression with S-Ig ligation.

An EBV(-) BL (Burkitt lymphoma) line (Black93), established from a patient exhibiting glucocorticoid-induced ATLS (acute tumor lysis syndrome), was highly sensitive to dexamethazone (DX) in vitro in the studies including 18 lymphoid cell lines (10 BL lines). In the BL lines, the highly sensitive ones always lacked Bcl-2(bcl-2 protein), while the DX resistant ones expressed Bcl-2. Black93 is the first BL cell-line derived from a ATLS patient, proving that cell lines can be established in vitro from ATLS patients. Since some pre-B ALL lines expressing Bcl-2 were DX-sensitive, the relationship between Bcl-2 and DX-sensitivity is not straight-forward. In the BL cells, however, the absence of Bcl-2 appears to be responsible for the DX-sensitivity. The DX-sensitivity and the absence of Bcl-2 is a major characteristic carried by t(8;14) neoplasms. In addition, there may be a stage of B-lineage differentiation without Bcl-2. While rare BL cases have been reported to express TdT (terminal desoxynucleotidyl transferase), Tree92 is the first such line, expressing S-Ig(mu, lambda), TdT and RAG (recombination activating gene)-1. When surface mu is ligated with antibody, RAG-1 was suppressed in expression, indicating that the signal through S-Ig can modulate the expression of RAG-1 in the Tree92 cells. Chromosome translocation is known to be associated with a specific stage of differentiation. Such specific stage for t(8;14), however, is broad enough to cover S-Ig(+), TdT(+) and RAG-1(+) stage, too. The phenotypic classification of leukemia/lymphoma and the delineation of differentiation scheme of normal hematopoietic cells, are dependent on each other. The documentation of the properties such as DX-sensitivity, the absence of Bcl-2, the expression of RAG-1 and its modulation by the signal through S-Ig is an example in which the diverse properties of human t(8;14) neoplasms can contribute for delineating the differentiation scheme of normal hematopoietic cells more precisely.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1997

HTLV-I provirus in the clinical subtypes of ATL.

Adult T cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive neoplasm of mature helper T cell, which is etiologically linked with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I). We studied HTLV-I provirus in 61 cases of ATL with Southern blot analyses and long PCR. These methods detected defective virus in 34 cases (56%). Furthermore, it found two types of defective virus. The first type (type 1) defective virus had both LTRs, but lacked internal sequences, such as gag and pol. Type 1 defective virus was seen in 50% of all defective virus. The second form (type 2) of defective virus had only one LTR, and 5'-LTR was preferentially deleted. This type of defective virus could be more frequently detected in aggressive types of ATL (16/44 cases) than chronic type (1/17 cases). This defective virus might be associated with clinical subtype.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Virus associated adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in Japan: clinical, histological and immunological studies.

Virus associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), which includes both adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and its non-leukemic counterpart (NLATL) was studied clinically, histologically, and immunologically. The disease usually occurred in the sixth decade in both sexes equally. The patients had a rapid clinical course with frequent leukemic changes, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and occasional skin rash. Bone marrow involvement with mild infiltration and hypercalcemia were more frequent in ATL than in NLATL. Histologically the disease was categorized as malignant lymphoma, diffuse pleomorphic type with cerebriform nuclear giant cells. The lymphoma was characterized by diffuse proliferation of tumor cells with irregular nuclear configurations, varying in size and shape, and the presence of giant cells with highly convoluted cerebriform nuclei. The giant cells seemed to be a diagnostic marker. Immunologically, the tumor cells usually possessed the surface antigens recognized by OKT 3, 4, Leu 8 and anti-Tac antibodies, indicating that they were lymphomas of helper/inducer peripheral T-cells with the receptor for interleukin 2, but they demonstrated no helper/inducer functions. The patients often died of opportunistic infections due to T-cell dysfunction caused by the disease itself and strong chemotherapy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Chromosomal abnormalities in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). A report of six cases with review of the literature.

Chromosomal studies were performed on six patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Structural abnormalities of chromosome 3 were the most common. In one case a complete loss of the short arm of chromosome 10 (10 p-) was noted while in another case a balanced translocation involving chromosome 10p and 4q was found. These abnormalities have not been previously reported. After reviewing the literature, it was concluded that chromosomes 3, 6, 10, 13, 14, and X were most frequently involved in abnormalities. Specific and consistent chromosomal abnormalities were noted in each study. Therefore, it is hypothesised that the mutation rate for this virus may be higher than first expected. Furthermore, the relative consistency of heterogeneous findings in different localities may reflect a geographic clustering of specific chromosomal abnormalities which may in turn be related to specific and geographically associated viral mutations. To support these suggestions not only are more cytogenetic data required but a molecular evaluation of these patients must be carried out to establish a relationship, if any, between genetic abnormalities and the epidemiology of ATL.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Isolation and characterization of a neu protein-specific activating factor from human ATL-2 cell conditioned medium.

The rat neu gene product is a 185 kD membrane bound tyrosine kinase that is closely related to, yet distinct from the epidermal growth factor receptor. The biochemical and cellular effects of a neu protein-specific activating factor (NAF) detected in human ATL-2 cell conditioned medium were recently described (1). To further characterize NAF, some of its physicochemical properties were examined and a method for purifying this factor from ATL-2 cell conditioned medium was developed. In these studies NAF was found to be heat stable and sensitive to the protease chymotrypsin. In addition, a method for purifying this activity was developed using a quantifiable, in vitro autophosphorylation assay system to measure NAF activity in fractions following ion-exchange and then reverse-phase HPLC.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1995

A method to measure the value of formal training in trauma management: comparison between ATLS and induction courses.

The change in knowledge resulting from formal training in trauma management on two different courses was examined. Seventy-four doctors and a control group were included in this prospective study over a 2-year period. They represented participants on two Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) courses and four induction courses for junior doctors in Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments. The results indicate substantial benefits from both types of training. The ATLS course participants achieved better scores. Steps in constructing a simple test for the evaluation of courses are described. Standardization of approach is recommended. Assessment and audit of training in trauma management is feasible with limited resources. It may eventually be possible to measure individual clinician's proficiency against a standard scale.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1987

Transcription of IL-2 receptor gene is stimulated by ATL-derived factor produced by HTLV-I(+) T cell lines.

In HTLV-I transformed T-cell lines established from the patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), there is a constitutive activation of the normal IL-2 receptor (IL-2-R) gene. These cell lines continuously produce an ATL-derived factor (ADF), an IL-2-R inducing factor without IL-2 activity. ADF enhances the expression of the IL-2-R through the augmentation of the IL-2-R mRNA in the HTLV-I(+) T-cell line (ED) as well as the NK cell line cells (YT). In YT cells, the transcriptional initiation of the promoter of the IL-2-R gene was enhanced by ADF but not by IL-2. Production of ADF by HTLV-I(+) T-cell lines may be involved in the abnormal expression of IL-2-Rs on these cells.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1998

Quantitative in situ PCR assay of HTLV-1 infected cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with ATL, HAM/TSP and asymptomatic carriers.

We established an in situ PCR (IS-PCR) method that amplified the pX region of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proviral DNA. The procedure was highly sensitive in accurately detecting the number of cells infected with HTLV-1. We estimated the number of HTLV-1 infected cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with HAM/TSP, ATL and asymptomatic carriers. ATL patients (n = 5) had 8-93% IS-PCR positive cells for HTLV-1 and these percentages correlated with the clinical stages. Asymptomatic carriers (n = 3) had 0.8-3.8% (mean 1.1%, S.D. 1.7) positive cells. HAM/TSP patients (n = 10) had 3.1-8.5% (5.8% (5.8%, 2.7) positive cells. Patients with shorter duration of illness showed larger percentages compared with patients with longer duration. In one HAM/TSP patient, the number of IS-PCR positive cells decreased from 5.1% to 1.5% coincident with the times of lymphocytapheresis treatment. Our studies may suggest that an increased viral load initiates the pathogenic process of HAM/TSP and the estimation of HTLV-1 proviral load by IS-PCR method is useful to understand the clinical state of HAM/TSP.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: main clinical and epidemiologic characteristics.

BACKGROUND: Rio de Janeiro State in Brazil is an endemic area of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) induced by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Objective Our purpose was to describe the main clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the disease in Rio de Janeiro State. METHODS: Patients from endemic areas of Rio de Janeiro State attending the Evandro Chagas Hospital were included in the study. A general physical, dermatologic, and otorhinolaryngologic examination was performed in all patients, as well as a Leishmanin skin test. Skin biopsy specimens were obtained and utilized for touch preparations (stained with Leishman dye), culture in special media (Nicolle, Nevy and McNeal; NNN), and histopathologic examination after hematoxylin and eosin stain. Positive cultures were identified with regard to species by the isoenzyme technique. Therapy with pentavalent antimonial compounds was employed in all cases. Eco-epidemiologic characteristics were studied through regular field visits to endemic foci. RESULTS: Cutaneous disease was present in 87.2% of patients, and mucosal disease in only 12.7%. A single ulcerative cutaneous lesion was the most common clinical presentation. Demonstration of the parasite was always difficult and culture in special media gave the best results for diagnosis. The species involved in transmission was Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Vectors included phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the genus Lutzomyia, and the most common species was Lutzomyia intermedia, captured mainly on the external walls of houses. CONCLUSIONS: ATL in Rio de Janeiro is mostly a cutaneous disease. In general, the cases showed great sensitivity to antimony. A pattern of peridomestic transmission seems to be the rule.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

ATLS: are we training the wrong people?

BACKGROUND: Despite the evolution, expansion and popularity of emergency medicine as a medical specialty in the United Kingdom (UK), emergency departments are still primarily staffed by senior house officers (second and third year graduates), particularly at weekends and at night. METHODS: A telephone and postal survey of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) training completed by this cohort of doctors indicates that UK courses are failing to train adequate numbers. RESULTS: It can thus be argued that ATLS is not being disseminated to the relevant grass-roots of medical care, where it is likely to be of the most benefit. CONCLUSIONS: The present study discusses possible reasons for this and offers constructive solutions to the problem. Although the matters discussed in this study refer to UK medical practice, they may be of relevance and interest to Australasian practitioners. Is EMST in Australasia training the appropriate group of doctors?

Data Collection↗
PubMed2003

Reliability of the ica, aap and atlE genes in the discrimination between invasive, colonizing and contaminant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates in the diagnosis of catheter-related infections.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the usefulness of detecting two genes involved in biofilm formation (icaA and aap) and one gene involved in initial adhesion (atlE) for discrimination between contaminant, colonizing and invasive Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates involved in catheter-related infections. PATIENTS: The first group contained 29 isolates that were isolated from the skin of healthy volunteers (contaminant isolates). The second group contained 16 isolates recovered from catheters (>1000 CFUs on quantitative catheter culture) from asymptomatic patients without bacteremia. These isolates were considered to be colonizing isolates. The third group contained 34 isolates grown in >or=2 different blood cultures from patients with a systemic inflammatory response. These isolates were considered to be invasive isolates. RESULTS: The prevalence of atlE did not differ between the three groups. The icaA and aap genes were significantly more prevalent in colonizing isolates (88% aap; 88% icaA) than in invasive isolates (68% aap, P = 0.179; 59% icaA, P = 0.055) and than in skin isolates (52% aap, P = 0.02; 38% icaA, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of aap and icaA in skin isolates and their higher prevalence in colonizing than in invasive isolates led to a low specificity when these genes were used to differentiate between contamination, colonization and invasive infection. We conclude that, although the prevalence of these genes differs in the three groups, their presence cannot be used for clinical decision-making.

Bacteremia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ATLS practices and survival at rural level III trauma hospitals, 1995-1999.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) practices characterizing initial resuscitation and interfacility transfer at rural trauma hospitals are associated with risk-adjusted survival. METHODS: Retrospective, observational analysis of rural injured patient survival. Process-of-care variables were associated with TRISS (trauma and injury severity score)-derived Z-statistics (95% confidence intervals) for high-risk population subsets (defined below). INCLUSION CRITERIA: all patients > or = 12 years of age entered into a statewide trauma system, January 1, 1995, to December 31, 1999, and initially presenting to Level III trauma centers (N = 4,961). EXCLUSION CRITERIA: pronounced dead on arrival (n = 26), directly admitted to hospital (n = 3), and unknown disposition at first hospital (n = 2). Process variables include: intubation in emergency department (ED) given Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score < 9 [INTUB], administration of blood products in ED given systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mm Hg [BLOOD], trauma surgeon presence within 5 minutes of patient arrival given GCS < 9 mm Hg or SBP < 90 mm Hg [UNSTABLE-TS], trauma surgeon presence within 5 minutes of patient arrival given injury severity score (ISS) > 15 [ISS-TS], transfer to higher level of care given ISS > 20 and no hypotension [TRAN], transfer to higher level of care given GCS < 9 [TRAN-GCS]. RESULTS: For the high-risk subpopulations, the following Z-scores (with and without an intervention) were found: CONCLUSIONS: Some ATLS interventions (BLOOD, TRAN, and TRAN-GCS) are associated with improved survival for selected high-risk subgroups in these 21 rural Level III trauma hospitals.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

ATLS-based videotape trauma resuscitation review: education and outcome.

Trauma resuscitations (TRs) can be improved with ongoing videotape review. Unrecognized errors, delays, and system problems can be identified and corrected. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of a short TR on survival and that videotape education can shorten TR time. Trauma resuscitation efficiency depends on details of TR including timing, organization, and appropriateness of care. Videotape education review monitors TR detail and improves TR efficiency by eliminating wasted time and treatment errors. Eight hundred eighty-three patients were evaluated. Group I included a control group prior to the incorporation of an ATLS based videotape review process. Group II included patients who were resuscitated after the educational review process was established. Subgroups based on ISS, direct OR transfer, DPL, and CT scan were also compared. Time and outcome were compared. Videotape educational review based on ATLS guidelines has improved TR efficiency. The benefits of ongoing videotape review include more efficient time utilization, correction of conceptual and technical errors, elimination of "wasted time," and improved survival.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed2002

Elevation of IL-6 in ATL patient with a pathological fracture.

Hypercalcemia and osteolytic bone lesion are important complications in the prognosis of patients with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). We report a 61-year-old Japanese woman who died of ATL and had multiple osteolytic lesions and pathological fractures of her extremities. Highly increased serum levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) together with a high level of serum calcium observed at the time of fractures suggested their contribution to the formation of the bone lesions.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1998

Expression analysis of the autolysin gene (atl) of Staphylococcus aureus.

The bifunctional autolysin gene (atl) of Staphylococcus aureus was transcribed into a 4.1-kb transcript. The transcription initiation site was located at an adenine residue 33-nt upstream from the putative atl start codon. Analysis using a promoter-reporter plasmid showed that promoter activity increased during the exponential growth phase. The Tn551 insertion site of the autolysis-deficient mutant S. aureus RUSAL2 was located in the putative catalytic region of the glucosaminidase domain.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Established IL-2-dependent double-negative (CD4- CD8-) TCR alpha beta/CD3+ ATL cells: induction of CD4 expression.

We established IL-2-dependent T cells from an adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) patient whose leukaemic cells changed from CD4 single-positive in the initial phase to double-negative (CD4- CD8-) at the time of exacerbation. The cells termed SO-4 were of ATL cell origin and showed the double-negative TCR alpha beta/CD3+ T-cell phenotype. SO-4 cells acquired CD4 antigen expression following stimulation with concanavalin A (ConA) or immobilized anti-CD3 antibody. The induction was inhibited by herbimycin A, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity. No CD4 mRNA was detectable in unstimulated SO-4 cells but a 3.0 kb signal specific for CD4 mRNA was detected after stimulation. These findings indicate that SO-4 cells return to their original phenotype (CD4 single-positive) by stimulation involving PTK. The results indicate that there is a pathway of phenotypic cycling between CD4 single-positive and double-negative T cells.

Benzoquinones↗
PubMed1986

Detection of adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV) bearing lymphocytes in concentrated red blood cells derived from ATL associated antibody (ATLA-Ab) positive donors.

Adult T cell leukemia associated antibody (ATLA-Ab) positive persons were screened by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) testing. Their lymphocytes were collected from concentrated red blood cells (CRC), and cultured in vitro with and without phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 10 days. The expression of ATL virus (ATLV) positive lymphocytes during the in vitro culture was then analyzed by IF assay using mouse monoclonal antibody ATL-19 reactive to p19 core protein of ATLV. 97% of ATLA-Ab positive CRC (36 cases) demonstrated ATLV positive lymphocytes after being cultured for more than 10 days with PHA, whereas, none of ATLA-Ab negative CRC (22 cases) demonstrated ATLV positive lymphocytes. All of the 10 ATLA-Ab positive CRC that were stored for 2, 4, and 7 days contained lymphocytes which expressed ATLV after in vitro culture, while 7 of 10 CRC stored for 14 days and only 1 of 10 CRCs stored for 20 days, expressed ATLV positive lymphocytes. This data indicates that almost all of the ATLA-Ab positive blood contained ATLV positive lymphocytes, and that the in vitro appearance of these ATLV positive lymphocytes was reduced by storing the CRC for more than 14 days.

Adolescent↗