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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Determinants of repeated-sprint ability in well-trained team-sport athletes and endurance-trained athletes.

AIM: To examine the importance of peak .VO(2) in determining repeated-sprint ability (RSA), we recruited 20 well-trained females (10 team-sport athletes and 10 endurance-trained runners; mean SD peak .VO(2): 3.3+/-0.2 L x min(-1)) who were homogenous with respect to peak .VO(2) (mean difference = 0.05 L x min(-1)). METHODS: Tests consisted of a RSA cycle test (5 x 6-s max sprints every 30 s) and a peak .VO(2) test. Venous and capillary blood was sampled immediately before and after the 5 x 6-s cycle test for the determination of hypoxanthine concentration ([Hx]), lactate concentration ([La-]) and pH; blood buffer capacity (beta(blood)) was also estimated. RESULTS: The team-sport athletes had significantly higher peak power for the 1(st) sprint (P(1); W x kg(-1)), total work for 5 x 6-s sprints (W(tot); J x kg(-1)) and power decrement across the 5 sprints (P(dec)), (p<0.05). There were also significant between-group differences for post-test values of [Hx], [La-] and pH (p<0.05). While there was no significant difference in beta(blood) between the 2 groups (p=0.10), there was a moderate effect (d=0.77). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that factors in addition to peak .VO(2) are likely to be important for RSA.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Kinaesthetic sensitivity of adolescent male and female athletes and non-athletes.

Comparisons were made between nineteen ballet dancers/gymnasts, twenty basketballers, and twenty non-athletes (mean age 16.19 years) in terms of their kinaesthetic sensitivity to passive upper arm movement. The measurement instrument used was the Kinaesthetic Sensitivity Test developed by Laszlo and Bairstow (1985a). The results showed that kinaesthetic sensitivity did not differ across groups, although there was evidence of some difference between males and females. These results are in conflict with previous studies (Bairstow & Laszlo, 1981; Laszlo & Bairstow, 1980). The data suggest the need for research on kinaesthetic sensitivity to provide normative adolescent data, to further examine sex differences, and to investigate differences between athletes of differing levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Assessment and rehabilitation of the athlete with a "stinger". A model for the management of noncatastrophic athletic cervical spine injury.

Stingers are the most common athletically induced nerve injury of the cervical spine, but often underdiagnosed or inadequately assessed. In addition to neurologic dysfunction, biomechanical and postural faults are frequently associated with stingers. This article addresses the pathomechanics of the stinger, comprehensive clinical assessment, appropriate diagnostic testing, and a thorough review of rehabilitation techniques to allow return to competition. The principles and practical suggestions can be applied to most cervical spine injuries.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2001

The effects of supplementation with 19-nor-4-androstene-3,17-dione and 19-nor-4-androstene-3,17-diol on body composition and athletic performance in previously weight-trained male athletes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 8 weeks of norsteroid supplementation on body composition and athletic performance in previously weight-trained males. Subjects were weight and percent body fat matched and randomly assigned to receive either 100 mg of 19-nor-4-androstene-3,17-dione (N-dione) and 56 mg of 19-nor-4-androstene-3,17-diol (N-diol; 156 mg total norsteroid per day), or a placebo (a multivitamin). Each subject participated in resistance training 4 days/week for the duration of the study. Body composition was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Circumference measures were taken of a relaxed and flexed arm (maximum circumference of the arm), waist (level of umbilicus), and thigh (15 cm proximal to the patella). Strength was determined with a one-repetition maximum bench press, while force and power were determined with a dumbbell bench press (60% body weight) on a Stratec Galileo force platform. Profile of mood states scores were evaluated for vigor and fatigue. There were no significant changes in any of the parameters measured. In conclusion, low-dose supplementation with N-dione and N-diol does not appear to alter body composition, exercise performance, or mood states.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of weight and diet concerns and personality factors among female athletes and non-athletes.

Two groups of female athletes, one in sports that provide an advantage to those with a thin body build (TB) and one in sports that demand a normal build (NB), completed a comprehensive inventory that examined eating disorder indicators, weight and diet concerns, and personality factors. They were compared with a group (CG) of similarly-aged university student females who were not engaged in sport beyond the recreational level. The data showed that the TB group, even though they were thin, had greater weight and diet concerns, and were emotionally more labile and dissatisfied than the NB group. The paper also briefly discusses the notions of psychosocial and activity models of eating problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Body image perception, satisfaction and somatotype in male and female athletes and non-athletes: results using a novel morphing technique.

Thirty-six adults (24 males, 12 females) were assessed for anthropometric somatotype and body image (perception and satisfaction) by a novel technique using quantitative distortion of a digital still image. Software produced random distortions in nine body regions. The participants manipulated interactive slider controls to adjust each body feature in turn, recreate their perceived image and indicate their desired image. There were no differences in perception between the sexes. However, the ideal-actual differences (i.e. satisfaction) indicated that males desired larger and females smaller features, respectively, in the chest and thighs (P < 0.001) and arms and calves (P < 0.01). When the male-derived data were partitioned by sport (strength, endurance, team-sport and controls), differences were found in the perceived image size in the chest and rib regions (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Strength athletes perceived these areas to be smaller and the control group perceived these areas to be larger than the true values. Somatotype analysis indicated that the physique associated with minimal dissatisfaction was 2.0-5.0-3.0 for males and 3.0-2.5-3.0 for females. Cluster analysis, combining anthropometric and satisfaction data, revealed seven distinct subgroups distinguished by particular attributes of physical appearance. We conclude that the method is reliable and that body image includes sex-specific, anthropometric, perceptual and personality-related components.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Athletes as rape-awareness educators: athletes for sexual responsibility.

Sexual assault, including both date rape and gang rape, is an area of great concern for college students today. The University of Maine is addressing this serious national problem through a unique peer education program that enlists athletes as role models for appropriate social and sexual behavior, as well as of physical strength, agility, and stamina.

Female↗
PubMed1991

[Occurrence of athletic injuries among female elite athletic gymnasts].

A questionnaire investigation was undertaken among 18 female Nordic athletic gymnasts in the teams from their respective countries. The median occurrence of injury was three injuries per 1,000 hours (variation 0-7) with uniform distribution between acute and overexertion injuries. The percentage regional localization were: Upper limbs 24%, lower limbs 65% and trunk 11%. In the age group 18-21 years, the frequency of injury was 46% higher than that in the 14-17 year age group and gymnasts with the greatest duration of training had relatively low incidence of injuries (2.7 as compared with 5.2 injuries per 1,000 hours). Treatment consisted of visits to the general practitioner, casualty department and sport specialist or other specialist comprized 16%, 13% and 16% of all the therapeutic contacts. 5% of the injuries involved hospitalization and 50% were not treated by doctors.

Adolescent↗