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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Effect of bone marrow opioid peptides on antibody formation in the productive phase of the immune response].

The cells of intact spinal cord produce a group of biologically active peptides--myelopeptides (MP) stimulating antibody formation at peak of immune response and exerting an analgesic endorphin-like effect. The experiments on comparative studies of antibody-stimulating effect of synthetic opioid peptides and MP have shown that the mixture of opioid substances composed in aliquots corresponding to their content in MP has an antibody-stimulating effect similar to that of MP. Synthetic beta-endorphin also enhances the antibody formation during the productive phase of immune response at doses 1000-fold lower than its MP level. Leu- and met-enkephalins have no antibody-stimulating effect. An antagonist opiate, naloxone, blocks the antibody-stimulating activity of both opiates and MP. A close correlation between antibody-stimulating and analgetic endorphin-like MP activity has been established.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Antibody responses to antigenic determinants of influenza virus hemagglutinin. I. Thymus dependence of antibody formation and thymus independence of immunological memory.

Using immunodiffusion methods it has been shown that purified hemagglutinin (HA) extracted from two related strains of influenza A viruses (A/PR8/34 and A/FM1/47) have two distinct antigenic determinants, or groups of determinants. One determinant is cross-reactive while the other is strain-specific. Antisera raised in normal mice against HA were shown to contain two populations of antibody molecules, each directed against one of the determinants. Immunization of thymus-deprived (TXBM) mice showed a strong thymus dependence of antibody formation to HA. However, the thymus dependence of antibody formation against the cross-reactive determinant could be overcome by repeated inoculations of HA in TXBM mice, indicating a different handling of two portions of the same molecule by the immunological system. Strong, secondary-type responses to the strain-specific determinant were observed in primed thymus-deprived mice after reconstitution with virgin thymus cells, showing that specific immunological memory was elicited by this determinant despite the absence of detectable antibody secretion. These findings are interpreted as examples of immunological recognition and memory mediated by B lymphocytes and discussed in terms of mechanisms of T and B lymphocyte co-operation. It is suggested that the helper effect of T lymphocytes is exerted at a late stage in the differentiation of specific populations of B cells into antibody-secreting cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

T-cell subsets regulating anti-acetylcholine-receptor-antibody formation in myasthenia gravis and characterization of suppressor T-cell factors involved.

The in vitro generation of anti-acetylcholine-receptor (AChR)-antibody-forming cells from B cells of myasthenia gravis (MG) patients occurred only in the presence of OKT4+ cells. Anti-AChR-antibody formation by lymphocytes from MG patients was suppressed by normal T cells, and the requirement of both OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells was suggested for this suppression. Culture supernatant from normal T cells stimulated with excess doses of AChR antigen, but not T cells from patients, suppressed anti-AChR-antibody formation by lymphocytes from patients. The fraction of the culture supernatant with molecular weight of 45,000 to 67,000 seemed to contain an AChR-antigen-specific and antigen-binding suppressor factor with some allogeneic barrier, while the fraction with a molecular weight of 10,000 to 28,000 contained the antigen-nonspecific factor.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1989

[Antigen-specific antibody formation in determining the immune reaction in patients with head and neck cancers].

Head and neck cancer patients are considered to be immunodeficient. The immunological reaction, however, has been analysed only in unspecific systems or by cell surface markers. For the determination of the functional immunoreactivity of donors and patients with head and neck cancer the antigen-specific antibody production in vitro has been studied. Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood were stimulated with sheep red blood cells and after 5-7 days the antigen-specific immune response was measured in the presence of complement by red blood cell lysis. For maximal antibody production in vitro, the human lymphocytes were activated by Staphylococcus aureus and Interleukin-1 (IL-1). The IL-1 concentration was measured by the proliferation of murine (C3H/HeJ) thymocytes. Without IL-1 and macrophages which had been separated by plastic adherence no antigen-specific antibody formation was observed. As the cultures were saturated with IL-1 and as the antigen-specific antibody production reached the same level even in the absence of macrophages, the antibody formation is not influenced by an altered macrophage function. Patients with head and neck cancer showed in vitro a significant reduction of the antigen-specific antibody production to no longer detectable values. In addition age-matched, healthy donors with high alcohol and cigarette abuse had a significant decrease in their antigen-specific antibody production compared to controls without high alcohol and cigarette consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1963

Enhancement of antibody formation by whole body x-radiation.

Enhancement and acceleration of the antibody response can be achieved in some situations with large, cytotoxic doses of whole body x-radiation given after antigenic stimulation. The timing of radiation is critical and varies with the kind and physical form of the antigen. It is postulated that the x-radiation depletes the cells of the lymphoid tissues just prior to the rapid proliferation of the antigen stimulated cells. In this situation those surviving cells which are stimulated by antigen multiply more rapidly than their non-stimulated counterparts and disproportionately repopulate the depleted lymphoid tissues. Whether the x-radiation produces other effects contributing to the multiplication of the antibody forming cells was not determined. It appears that x-radiation produces its enhancement of antibody formation by means different from those operating in endotoxin and colchicine induced enhancement.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Specific antibody formation in mouse spleen. Histology and kinetics of the secondary immune response against HRP.

Specific antibody formation in the spleen was described in mice primed subcutaneously with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and boosted intravenously with the same antigen. The first specific antibody-forming cells responding to the booster injection were observed after one day in the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath (PALS). The number and staining intensity of these cells greatly increased subsequently. Between day 3 and 6 after the booster injection a shift was observed in the distribution of antibody-forming cells from the PALS to both the site of entry of the central artery in the PALS and the site where the blood passes via terminal arterioles to the red pulp. Specific antibody-forming cells became highly concentrated in these areas, which constitute the so-called marginal zone bridging channels. After day 6 the number of antibody-forming cells decreased sharply. On the basis of this distribution pattern it was suggested that after subcutaneous priming and intravenous boosting specific antibody-forming cells migrate from the popliteal lymph nodes to the spleen and gradually leave the spleen at later stages of the response. Specific antibody-forming cells did not occur in the germinal centers during any stage of the response.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Maternal-foetal interaction, antibody formation, and metabolic response in mice immunized with pneumococcal polysacharides.

The maternal transfer of pneumococcal polysaccharides to foetus, as well as the antibody formation and metabolic response were studied in mice exposed to pneumococcal polysaccharides during pregnancy. Type 19 and type 57 pneumococcal polysaccharides display cross-placental transfer to foetus. These polysaccharides also transfer through mother's milk to neonates. Maternal immunization of type 19 polysaccharide during pregnancy induced higher antibody formation in the offspring than the group from non-immunized mothers. Young mice, which received a second dose of polysaccharide at 2 weeks of age, showed a higher antibody response than those which did not receive polysacharide. Treatment of mothers with anti-lymphocyte serum, following by administration of polysaccharide, significantly increased the neonatal immune response to the polysaccharide. Treatment of the mother with a high dose of type 19 or type 57 polysaccharide did not cause significant changes in neonatal growth and organ weights. The offspring from mothers treated with high doses of these polysaccharides did not exhibit abnormalities in chemical contents of their tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Suppression of phosphorylcholine-specific IgE antibody formation in BALB/c mice by isologous anti-T 15 antiserum.

In order to study the regulation of IgE antibody formation, isologous anti-idiotypic antisera against the phosphoryl choline (PC)-specific BALB/c myeloma proteins T 15 and M 167 were passively administered to BALB/c in the course of an anti-PC IgE response. Isologous anti-T 15 antiserum had a long-lasting suppressive effect on the formation of IgE antibodies with PC specificity, whereas administration of anti-M 167 antiserum had no or only little effect, similar to that of normal BALB/c serum. This indicates that anti-PC IgE antibodies consist mainly of the T 15 idiotype or of cross-reacting idiotypes, and that IgE response is accessible to regulation with anti-idiotypic antibodies. This murine model may permit the study of regulation of an IgE response largely restricted to few defined idiotypes characterized as tumor proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Antibody formation to dog pulp tissue altered by a paste containing paraformaldehyde.

Pulpotomy treatment was performed weekly on the teeth of four dogs for 5 weeks. Antibody formation to pulp tissue altered by paraformaldehyde paste within the pulp cavity was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results indicated that the reaction between antigen and antibody did occur when pretreatment or post-treatment serum reacted with the antigen of either the pulp tissue incubated with saline or that incubated with paraformaldehyde paste. No evidence was found to prove that antibody formation was related to the pulpotomy treatment with paraformaldehyde paste.

Animals↗