Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “AMMI”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Examples of poisonous plants in Israel of importance to animals and man.

Several plants causing poisoning in herbivores in Israel have an association with human health. Ferula communis (giant fennel) contains a potent anticoagulant and induces severe haemorrhagic diathesis in grazing ewes, or similar changes in utero in lambs. These and other teratogenic changes have been seen in babies from mothers receiving the anticoagulant warfarin during pregnancy. The Ferula interaction in sheep may be used as a model to study this embryotoxicity in man. Ammi majus (bishops weed) causes severe ophthalmic changes, in particular pigmentary retinopathy in photosensitized domestic fowl. The photoactive principle is currently used in the treatment of psoriasis in man, and such patients should be examined for possible ocular toxicity. Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) caused myopathy in ruminants and is ingested by certain ethnic groups. Oxalis pes-caprae (Bermuda buttercup) causes large-scale oxalate poisoning in sheep and is avidly eaten by children.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Stability of QTLs for rice grain dimension and endosperm chalkiness characteristics across eight environments.

Rice appearance quality, including traits specifying grain dimension and endosperm chalkiness, represents a major problem in many rice-producing areas of the world. In this study, the genetic basis of six appearance quality traits of milled rice was dissected into quantitative trait loci (QTL) main effects, and the stability of these QTLs was assessed in a population of 66 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) across eight environments. The CSSLs showed transgressive segregation for many of the traits, and significant correlations were detected among most of the traits. Twenty-two QTLs were identified on eight chromosomes, and numerous QTLs affecting related traits were mapped in the same regions, probably reflecting pleiotropic effects. Nine QTLs, namely qGL-1,qGL-3, qGW-5,qLWR-3, qLWR-5,qPGWC-8, qPGWC-9, qACE-8, and qDEC-8, were consistently detected across the eight environments. The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis showed that genotype (G) x environment (E) interaction was significant for all six traits, with the first three iPCA terms accounting for over 80% of the G x E variance. Both D(I) values and the iPCA1-iPCA2 biplots showed that the CSSLs harboring the nine QTL alleles were more stable than those carrying any of the additional 13 QTL alleles, thereby confirming their environmental stability and pointing to their appropriateness as targets for marker-assisted selection for high-quality rice varieties.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Effect of different combinations of MGK-264 or piperonyl butoxide with plant-derived molluscicides on snail reproduction.

Effect of sublethal treatment (20% and 60% of LC(50)/24 h) of plant-derived molluscicides, viz. Polianthes tuberosa, Trachyspermum ammi, Allium sativum powder; Azadirachta indica oil; oleoresin of Zingiber officinale; and their active molluscicidal component in combination (1:5) with MGK-264 or piperonyl butoxide on the reproduction of snail Lymnaea acuminata have been studied. It was observed that the combination of plant derived molluscicide and their active molluscicidal components, viz. tigogenin, hecogenin, azadirachtin, allicin, thymol, and [6]-gingerol combination with MGK-264 or piperonyl butoxide caused a significant reduction in fecundity, hatchability, and survival of young snails. Withdrawal of snails to fresh water after the above treatment caused a significant recovery in the fecundity of L. acuminata.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Vasodilator effects of visnagin in isolated rat vascular smooth muscle.

Visnagin (4-methoxy-7-methyl-5H-furo [3,2-g][1]-benzopyran-5-one) is an active principle of the fruit of Ammi visnaga, a plant traditionally used in cardiovascular disorders. We have studied its vasodilator effects in rat vascular smooth muscle. The results demonstrated that visnagin inhibited the contractile responses induced in rat aortic rings by: (a) KCl or increases of extracellullar Ca2+ in KCl depolarized aortic rings, its effects being more potent against low (20 mM) than high (80 mM) KCl-induced contractions, (b) noradrenaline in Ca(2+)-containing solution and less effectively those in Ca(2+)-free solution and (c) phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in a Ca(2+)-containing and with a lower potency in Ca(2+)-free medium. The relaxation induced by visnagin in aorta precontracted with noradrenaline was not affected by endothelium removal. Additionally, visnagin inhibited the spontaneous myogenic contractions of portal veins. The results showed that visnagin inhibited vascular smooth muscle contractility by acting at multiple sites. In the range of 10(-6) M to 5 x 10(-5) M visnagin appears to inhibit only the contractions mediated by Ca2+ entry through pathways with low sensitivity to classical Ca(2+)-entry blockers, i.e. agonist-, PMA- or mild depolarization-induced Ca2+ entry. Therefore, the vasodilator profile of visnagin, is not that of typical Ca(2+)-entry blockers which preferentially inhibit the contractions induced by strong depolarizations. At higher concentrations (> 5 x 10(-5) M) visnagin causes non-specific inhibition of vascular smooth muscle contractility.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Traditional medicine in health care.

The state of research on plants used in traditional medicine and its development in Egypt is indicated by the number of scientific institutions devoted to this problem: Universities, the National Research Centre, the Desert Institute and the Horticulture Department of the Ministry of Agriculture. Moreover, the use of certain medicinal plants has been "industrialised', e.g., Ammi visnaga, Cymbopogon proximus, Nigella sativa and Aloe vera. Other plants are under investigation: Urginea maritima, Phytolacca americana and Euphorbia sp. (known for its claimed antitumour properties), Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cynara scolymus and Solanum laciniatum.

Egypt↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plants used for the treatment of diabetes in Israel.

In an extensive ethnobotanical survey (130 informants) of the medicinal plants of Israel, 16 species were found to be used for hypoglycaemic treatments. The list includes Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch.-Bip, Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam, Atriplex halimus L., Capparis spinosa L., Ceratonia siliqua L., Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del., Eryngium creticum Lam., Inula viscosa (L.) Ait., Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Sch.-Bip, Origanum syriaca L., Paronychia argentea Lam, Prosopis farcta (Banks et Sol.) Macbride, Salvia fruticosa Mill., Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Sp., and Teucrium polium L.; eight of them (marked with an asterisk) are first recorded here as used for this purpose.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed2005

Molecular evolution of flavonoid dioxygenases in the family Apiaceae.

Plant species of the family Apiaceae are known to accumulate flavonoids mainly in the form of flavones and flavonols. Three 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, flavone synthase or flavanone 3 beta-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase are involved in the biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites. The corresponding genes were cloned recently from parsley (Petroselinum crispum) leaves. Flavone synthase I appears to be confined to the Apiaceae, and the unique occurrence as well as its high sequence similarity to flavanone 3beta-hydroxylase laid the basis for evolutionary studies. In order to examine the relationship of these two enzymes throughout the Apiaceae, RT-PCR based cloning and functional identification of flavone synthases I or flavanone 3beta-hydroxylases were accomplished from Ammi majus, Anethum graveolens, Apium graveolens, Pimpinella anisum, Conium maculatum and Daucus carota, yielding three additional synthase and three additional hydroxylase cDNAs. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of these sequences were compatible with the phylogeny based on morphological characteristics and suggested that flavone synthase I most likely resulted from gene duplication of flavanone 3beta-hydroxylase, and functional diversification at some point during the development of the apiaceae subfamilies. Furthermore, the genomic sequences from Petroselinum crispum and Daucus carota revealed two introns in each of the synthases and a lack of introns in the hydroxylases. These results might be explained by intron losses from the hydroxylases occurring at a later stage of evolution.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Psoralen photobiology and photochemotherapy: 50 years of science and medicine.

In 1998 it is appropriate to commemorate the 50th anniversary of el Mofty's use of purified 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in the treatment of vitiligo (el Mofty AM. A preliminary clinical report on the treatment of leukoderma with Ammi majus linn. J R Egypt Med Assn 1948,31:651 65. el Mofty AM, el Sawalhy H, el Mofty M. Clinical study of a new preparation of 8-methoxypsoralen in photochemotherapy. Int J Dermatol 1994;8:588 92). Two young American dermatologists (Aaron Lerner and Thomas Fitzpatrick) were intrigued by the potency of this material. After Lerner determined that artificial long wavelength ultraviolet (320-400 nm, UVA) radiation was the most efficient for activating 8-MOP. the development of artificial sources enabled the efficient delivery of these photons to skin containing 8-MOP. Their initial studies for vitiligo led to further development of this therapy for the treatment of psoriasis (Parrish JA, Fitzpatrick TB, Tannenbaum L, et al. Photochemotherapy of psoriasis with oral methoxsalen and long-wave ultraviolet light. New Engl J Med 1974;291:1207-11. Honigsmann H, Fitzpatrick TB, Pathak MA, et al. Oral photochemotherapy with psoralen and UVA (PUVA): principles and practice. In: Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolf K, editors. Dermatology in General Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987:1728-54). This photochemotherapy came to be called 'PUVA' (psoralen + UVA). The position PUVA holds today as one of the most common procedures performed in dermatology can be traced to their initial curiosity and their subsequent ingenuity. Further developments in more recent years capitalized on their seminal work. The therapy met with unprecedented success from the outset, leaving little perceived need to understand underlying science. However, in recent years there has been a new found interest in the basic aspects of psoralen photobiology and molecular mechanistic events contributing to therapeutic responses as well as to the development of skin cancers in PUVA patients. These will be surveyed in this review commemorating the 50 years of modern psoralen photobiology and photomedicine.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Photo(chemo) therapy for vitiligo.

Vitiligo has always been difficult to treat. Several modes of treatment are available, but the therapeutic effect varies greatly, and rarely does one achieve complete repigmentation. One of the most efficient treatment methods is photo(chemo) therapy. Already in ancient Egypt, vitiligo lesions were treated with extracts of the Ammi maius plant followed by exposure to the sun. This principle is at the basis of the photochemotherapy or PUVA therapy, whereby UVA irradiations are given 2 h after administration of 8-methoxypsoralen, a photosensitizer. Another efficient treatment form is UVB phototherapy, particularly narrow-band UVB. This not only gives good therapeutic results but also has the advantage of eliminating the need for a photosensitizer. All these treatments must be applied for many months to be efficient. They can also be combined with various surgical skin-grafting techniques. A newer approach is targeted UVB phototherapy, whereby xenon-chloride lasers or monochromatic excimer light is used.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Inhibition of growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus by extracts of some Egyptian plants.

The effect of five different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg ml-1) of an aqueous extracts of Lupinus albus, Ammi visnaga and Xanthium pungens were tested on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus in a chemically defined medium. All the plants inhibited mycelial growth and aflatoxin formation. The inhibitory effect was proportional with the applied concentration. Growth and aflatoxin production appeared to be correlated processes. The nature of the plant extract also affected the ratio of B1 to B2, and there was no correlation between the inhibition of aflatoxins or growth of the fungus and the resultant B1: B2 ratio.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1997

Effects of visnadine on rat isolated vascular smooth muscles.

Visnadine, an active principle extracted from the fruit of Ammi visnaga, exhibits peripheral and coronary vasodilator activities and has been used for the treatment of angina pectoris. The present study was undertaken to further characterize the inhibitory effects of visnadine on the contractile responses in rat isolated aortic rings and portal vein segments. Visnadine (< 10(-5) M) selectively inhibited the contractions induced by depolarization with 80 mM KCl or by CaCl2 in KCl-depolarized aorta and the spontaneous activity of the portal vein. Its inhibitory effects were not increased as the time of depolarization was prolonged and were similar in aorta incubated in 5 or 40 mM KCl. At concentrations higher than 10(-5) M, visnadine also inhibited the contractile responses induced by noradrenaline and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), being equipotent to inhibit noradrenaline-induced contractions in either Ca(2+)-containing or Ca(2+)-free medium and PMA-induced contractions. In conclusion, the present results suggest that visnadine preferentially inhibited the contractile responses mediated by Ca2+ entry through L-type Ca2+ channels, whereas at high concentrations it may also interfere with other sites involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Coumarins and other phenylpropanoid compounds in the defense response of plant cells.

Cultured cells of the Apiaceae, e. g. PETROSELINUM CRISPUM and AMMI MAJUS, produce large quantities of coumarin phytoalexins upon treatment with fungal elicitors and concomitantly reinforce their cell walls by ferulic ester incorporation. In these reactions, the cells mimic the disease resistance response commonly expressed in plants following infection by phytopathogenic fungi. Both coumarins and ferulic esters are derived from the general phenylpropanoid pathway. The elicited Apiaceae cell cultures have therefore served as model systems for the investigation of the biosynthetic and regulatory mechanisms involved in phenylpropanoid accumulation. The results of these studies suggest an unconventional pathway for umbelliferone biosynthesis and demonstrate both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of a novel pathway to feruloyl-CoA. They underline the enormous contribution of such model systems to the present knowledge on regulatory patterns and DNA coding in secondary metabolism.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Analyzing variety by environment data using multiplicative mixed models and adjustments for spatial field trend.

The recommendation of new plant varieties for commercial use requires reliable and accurate predictions of the average yield of each variety across a range of target environments and knowledge of important interactions with the environment. This information is obtained from series of plant variety trials, also known as multi-environment trials (MET). Cullis, Gogel, Verbyla, and Thompson (1998) presented a spatial mixed model approach for the analysis of MET data. In this paper we extend the analysis to include multiplicative models for the variety effects in each environment. The multiplicative model corresponds to that used in the multivariate technique of factor analysis. It allows a separate genetic variance for each environment and provides a parsimonious and interpretable model for the genetic covariances between environments. The model can be regarded as a random effects analogue of AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interactions). We illustrate the method using a large set of MET data from a South Australian barley breeding program.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

Rat cardiopulmonary bypass model: application of a miniature extracorporeal circuit composed of asanguinous prime.

A clinically relevant rat cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model would be a valuable tool for investigating pathophysiological and therapeutic strategies on bypass. Previous rat CPB models have been described in the literature; however, they have many limitations, including large circuit surface area, the inability to achieve full bypass, and donor blood requirements for prime. Therefore, we have established a rat CPB model designed to overcome these limitations. The miniature circuit consisted of a filtered reservoir, heat exchanger, membrane oxygenator (surface area = 0.02 m2) with a static priming volume of 2.8 mL, and an inline blood gas monitor. The circuit was primed with 9.5+/-0.5 mL of crystalloid solution and CPB was established on male Sprague-Dawley rats (430-475 g, n = 5) by cannulating the left common carotid artery and the right external jugular vein. The animals were placed on CPB at full flow (111+/-13 mL/kg/ min) for 1 hour and were monitored for and additional 2 hours after the CPB procedure. Hemodynamics, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), and blood gases were analyzed at three time intervals: before, during, and after CPB. The circuit performance was evaluated according to prime volume, compliance, hemodynamic parameters, and gas and heat exchange as described by modified AMMI standards. Data are expressed as mean+/-SD and a repeated-measures analysis of variance with post-Hoc test was used for data comparison between the three time intervals. The ratio of oxygenator surface area to subject body weight for this model is comparable with that of current human adult CPB practice (0.05 m2/kg vs 0.057 m2/kg) Full CPB was achieved and we observed clinically acceptable PaO2, PaCO2, and SvO2 values (209+/-86 mmHg, 25+/-2 mmHg, 78+/-8%, respectively) while on CPB. The use of asanguinous prime did produce statistically significant Hg reduction (15.7+/-0.76 vs. 9.2+/-0.59 g/dL) comparable with clinical practice. No statistically significant differences between pre- and post-CPB hemodynamics and blood gases were found in our study. We have established a miniature circuit consisting of asanquineous prime for a rat CPB model that maintains clinically acceptable results regarding hemodynamic parameters, blood gases, and hemodilution. This model would be valuable for further use in clinically relevant research studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of blood pressure measuring devices with special reference to ambulatory systems.

As ambulatory blood pressure measurement becomes more widely accepted in hypertension research and in the clinical management of high blood pressure, the number of devices available on the market has increased considerably, reflecting the clinical demand. These devices are expensive, both in terms of capital and running costs. As we rely increasingly on data produced by ambulatory systems, it becomes increasingly important that they be shown to be accurate. Initially protocols for the validation of ambulatory devices were designed on an ad hoc basis, so that many studies were inadequately designed and comparison of data between studies was usually impossible. The American National Standard published by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) remedied this situation in part, and the recent publication of the British Hypertension Society (BHS) protocol for the validation of ambulatory systems has further advanced the demand for accuracy. The BHS protocol includes most of the AMMI standard recommendations, but in addition there are sections on observer training, in-use assessment and inter-device variability. In addition, performance characteristics, computer facilities and details on such practical matters as cost and maintenance are sought. Finally, the BHS protocol provides a grading system of validation which allows comparisons between devices and studies.

Blood Pressure Monitors↗
PubMed1984

Phytophotodermatitis.

Several plant families contain species liable to cause phytophotodermatitis. They include the Umbelliferae of which Ammi majus has been known for centuries and the Rutacea to which Citrus bergamia belongs. Phototoxic plants are also found in, e.g., the Moraceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae and Compositae plant families. The photoreactivity of the plants depends on their furocoumarins (psoralens) content. These cause skin damage by phototoxic mechanisms, when activated by longwave ultraviolet radiation (UVA). The results are clinical changes such as erythema, bullae in the skin 24-72 h later, followed by hyperpigmentation. For the strongest phototoxic plants the content of the major phototoxic furocoumarins like bergapten or xanthotoxin have been calculated at approximately 0.5 g/100 g dried plant weight, but it varies between plant parts and also with the age of the plant. Repeated contact may occasionally lead to photocontact allergy.

Furocoumarins↗
PubMed1983

HDL-cholesterol increase in normolipaemic subjects on khellin: a pilot study.

An evaluation has been made of the action of khellin, a furochromone derivative from Ammi visnaga, at the dose of 50 mg q.i.d. during four weeks, on the plasma lipids of 20 non-obese normolipaemic male subjects after a placebo period of two weeks. The plasma lipids were measured each week and one week after discontinuation of treatment; 14 subjects were evaluable. Plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations remained unchanged throughout the study, whereas HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased from the first week until one week post-medication. A lowering of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was shown during the same period. No specific effect on plasma LCAT activity was obtained. Compliance, checked by the plasma khellin determination, was good. Some untoward effects were observed. Nausea and vomiting were responsible for the withdrawal of four volunteers, and elevation of SGOT and SGPT for that of two others. It can be concluded that khellin at this dosage induces an important shift of cholesterol to the HDL fraction which is maintained until one week post-medication.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Spasmolytic and contractile effects of a combination product from plants on the smooth muscle of the guinea pigs].

The study of the actions of Urol, (Extr. Rad. Rubiae tinct. spir., Extr. Sem. Ammeos visnagae spir, Extr, Herb. Virgaureae spir., Extr. Rad. Taraxaci c. Herb. spir., escin) on guinea pig ileum revealed two different effects: In ileum not pretreated, Urol, particularly the Rad, taraxaci ingredients, increased motility. In contrast, in acetylcholine-pretreated ileum, Urol, particularly the Herba virgaurea and Ammi visnaga ingredients, exhibited spasmolytic activity. The significance of these results, particularly with respect to the expulsion of urinary crystals by Urol, is discussed.

Acetylcholine↗