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PubMed1967

Observations on possible competitive displacement between populations of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus and Aedes albopictus Skuse in Calcutta.

The possibility of competitive displacement in Calcutta between Aedes aegypti, a known vector of arboviruses, and A. albopictus, a suspected vector, was explored by general collections of immature stages from all types of breeding-places and by exposing oviposition traps in tenement houses, and gardens in urban, suburban, and rural environments. A. aegypti was predominant in houses and tenements in urban areas, but A. albopictus was not excluded. Both species occurred in about equal densities in small urban gardens. In suburban and rural areas, A. albopictus was predominant, or the only one of the two species present. It readily entered houses for the purpose of oviposition, especially in the absence of A. aegypti.It is suggested that the two species are exhibiting the effect of competitive displacement, with A. aegypti being favoured in urban premises and A. albopictus in the outdoor environment of suburban and rural areas, while in small urban gardens there is a state of equilibrium in which the densities of the two populations are about equal. The possibility cannot be excluded that eradication of A. aegypti in the city might lead to an increase in the A. albopictus population in houses and tenement dwellings.

Aedes↗

PubMed1970

Subtle periodicity of pupation in rapidly developing mosquitos: with particular reference to Aedes vittatus and Aedes aegypti.

Aedes vittatus and Ae. aegypti are important vectors of yellow fever and other arbovirus diseases in Africa and they complete many generations, through all developmental stages, in a single year. Recent studies on Drosophila have offered precise techniques for analysing periodicities in populations of single developmental events in individuals. If the variability of pupation times is low, periodicities may not be recognizable by an obviously polymodal pattern in a single synchronized population. Analysis of 8 synchronized populations of Ae. vittatus and Ae. aegypti, evenly spaced through 24 hours, provided a sensitive method of recognizing even subtle periodicities in rapidly developing mosquitos. By this means Ae. vittatus has been shown to exhibit a weak diurnal periodicity of pupation while a strain of Ae. aegypti showed not the slightest periodicity of pupation under the same light-dark cycle. The authors stress that periodicity of emergence or pupation in mosquitos can have important consequences for epidemiology and vector control and should be verified for each vector species for which control measures are envisaged.

Aedes↗

PubMed1971

Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Singapore City. 5. Observations in relation to dengue haemorrhagic fever.

Dengue haemorrhagic fever in Singapore was a disease of the urban human population, with concentrations of cases occurring in areas of high population density. Mosquito surveys revealed that these areas also had high population densities of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.The disease occurred throughout the year but the incidence of cases appeared to follow a seasonal pattern. Observations from 1966 to 1968 showed that the number of cases increased in April, reached a peak in November, and, thereafter, decreased until the next increase in April of the following year. The epidemic curve generally agreed with the fluctuations of both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus populations, although the latter species appeared to show a better correspondence with the incidence of cases.Six dengue viruses were isolated from the two Aedes species during 1966. One dengue type 2 virus was isolated from a pool of Ae. aegypti and 1 dengue type 1 virus and 4 dengue type 2 viruses were recovered from 5 pools of Ae. albopictus. These viruses were isolated from mosquitos collected during the period of increase in the incidence of cases and in 4 different areas of the city. The dengue virus infection rates per 1 000 mosquitos estimated in the present study were 0.51 for Ae. aegypti and 0.59 for Ae. albopictus.The data obtained in the present study suggest that both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus are involved in the transmission of dengue haemorrhagic fever in Singapore.

Aedes↗

PubMed1983

[Description of a new Aedes of the subgenus Ochlerotatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Madagascar: Aedes ambreensis n.sp. and general observations on the females of the subgenus Ochlerotatus in the Afro-tropical region].

The authors describe the female of a new malagasy Aedes species belonging to the sub-genus Ochlerotatus, collected during epidemiological surveys on arboviroses: Ae. ambreensis n. sp. With this description, a review of Afro-tropical Ochlerotatus species is proposed, particularly on principal morphological female characters and geographical distributions. A key for identification of afro-tropical adult females of the sub-genus Ochlerotatus is annexed.

Aedes↗

PubMed1996

[The risk of urban yellow fever outbreaks in Brazil by dengue vectors. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus].

Urban yellow fever (YF) epidemics have disappeared from Brazil since about 50 years, but a selvatic cycle still exist. In many States, cases are more or less numerous each year. Ae. aegypti was eradicated in 1954, re-appeared temporarily in 1967, and then definitively in 1976-1977. Ae. aegypti is a vector of yellow few (YF), but also of dengue, whose first cases were reported in 1982. Today, dengue is endemic in many regions. A second Flavivirus vector, Aedes albopictus is present since about ten years in some States, from which Säo Paulo. The analysis of the YF cases between 1972 and 1994 allowed us to determine the epidemiologic regions. In the first region, the endemic area, the YF virus is circulating "silently" among monkeys, and the emergence of human cases is rare. In the second region, the epidemic area, some epizootics occur in a more or less cyclic way, and human cases can be numerous. Nevertheless, these outbreaks are considered "selvatic" epidemics, as long as Ae. aegypti is not concerned. From the Amazonian region, the virus moves forward along the forest galleries of the Amazone tributaries, from North to South. Actually, dengue epidemics appear in quite all States, and reflect the geographical distribution of Ae. aegypti. Recently, Ae. aegypti was found in the southern part of the Pará State, in the Carajás region considered to be the source of the main YF epidemics. In another hand, Ae. albopictus is now increasing its distribution area, specially in the suburban zones. The ecology of this potential vector, which seems to have a great adaptative capacity, give this vector an intermediate position between the forest galleries, where the YF virus circulates, and the agglomerations infested with Ae. aegypti. Since a few years, the possibility of urban YF is threatening Brazil, it is more and more predictable and we must survey very carefully the epidemiological situation in some regions of the country.

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PubMed1997

Detection of dengue virus from field Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus adults and larvae.

Mosquito adults and larvae were collected from dengue high risk areas and transported to the laboratory for identification. Identified mosquitos were pooled according to the species, date and locality and stored at -70 degrees C. A total of 1,385 pools of Aedes albopictus and 267 pools of Ae. Aegypti were collected from major towns in 12 states in Peninsular Malaysia. Virus isolation was carried out using cell culture (C6/36 clone) of Ae. albopictus and detection of dengue virus by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase staining. All positive isolations were further re-confirmed by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Most of the pools were negative with PAP staining and RT-PCR. However, 11 mosquito pools were positive with PAP staining. On the other hand, samples from Terengganu, Pulau Pinang and Johor were positive using both methods.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Aedes (Diceromyia) furcifer (Edwards) and Aedes (Diceromyia) cordellieri Huang in southern Africa: distribution and morphological differentiation.

Two species in the Aedes (Diceromyia) furcifer complex, Ae. furcifer s.s. and Ae. cordellieri, occur in southern Africa. They occur either allopatrically or sympatrically in lowland wooded savanna in tropical or subtropical regions in the Northern Province, Mpumalanga Province, and northern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa and in Zimbabwe. A map of the distribution of these mosquitoes is presented including 2 new locality records where Ae. cordellieri is allopatric. A morphological study showed that immatures and adult females of the species are indistinguishable. This included a detailed study of the female terga. Differences in the male gonocoxite remain the only means to distinguish the 2 taxa.

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PubMed2003

Insecticide susceptibility tests of Anopheles minimus s.l., Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus in northern Thailand.

The susceptibility of Anopheles minimus s.l., Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus to insecticide in northern Thailand was monitored by using the WHO standard susceptibility test. One- to two-day old female mosquitos, which were reared from wild caught females or immature stages, were exposed to discriminating dosages of insecticides for recommended exposure periods, and the 24-hour mortality recorded. The results revealed that, in general, An. minimus s.l. was still susceptible to DDT and permethrin, except in some areas where a slight increase in tolerance to DDT was observed. Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were both highly resistant to DDT, but in some areas the former was also resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin. Cx. quinquefasciatus was resistant to DDT and etofenprox, with a slight increase in tolerance to permethrin, deltamethrin, malathion and fenitrothion. No resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin was detected in any of the species studied.

Animals↗

PubMed1973