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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Incidence, severity, and patterns of intrathoracic and intra-abdominal injuries in motorcycle crashes.

BACKGROUND: Although severe head injuries have been reduced with helmet use, little has been done to address the severity of trauma to organs of the trunk in motorcycle crashes. We detail the frequency, severity, and pattern of intrathoracic and intra-abdominal injuries that may be helpful in the recognition and medical treatment of such injuries. METHODS: Diagnostic and treatment information from emergency room, hospital, and coroner records from a cohort of motorcyclists injured from 1991 to 1992 were obtained from 28 hospitals and 11 coroners in California. RESULTS: Multiple intrathoracic and intra-abdominal injuries were common, and the number and bilaterality of rib fractures were strongly associated with chances of injuries to the thoracic and abdominal organs. CONCLUSION: Patients with severe injury in one anatomic region of the trunk are very likely to have severe injuries in the same or other anatomic regions. These patients are best treated in trauma centers, where rapid diagnosis and treatment are possible.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1991

Management of penetrating abdominal injury.

We present the results of immediate exploratory laparotomies for penetrating abdominal injuries that were performed in the past five and half years. Thirty-eight cases (37 males and 1 female) were collected in this study, ranging in age from 17 to 74 years, with a mean of 36 years. Nine suffered from gunshot injuries and 29 from stab injuries. The negative exploratory laparotomy rate was 22.2%, the surgical complication rate was 18.4%, and the mortality rate was 5%. In this retrospective study, we conclude that: 1. Patients with injuries of the abdomen or unstable vital signs should be operated on immediately. 2. Peritonitis signs are not absolute indications of the need for emergent exploration. 3. For the stab injury patients with stable pre-operative vital signs, conservative treatment with simple closure of wounds is adequate. Frequent checks of vital signs and abdominal condition can possibly prevent unnecessary operations.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1992

Abdominal injuries in Nigerian children.

A retrospective review of cases of abdominal injuries in children at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria show that 195 cases were seen over a 10-year period (1980-1989). A majority of the cases (83.6%) resulted from road traffic accidents, and 152 (77.9%) were either brought in dead or died shortly after arrival in the emergency room. The sex incidence was about equal. The spleen and liver were the two most commonly injured abdominal organs. However, there was a high incidence of multiple organ injury in those patients who died before treatment could be given. None of the 43 children who had clinical intervention died though one of the 12 children who had splenectomy subsequently developed postsplenectomy sepsis from which she recovered. Three children had splenorrhaphy and one had partial splenectomy with good results.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1984

[Diagnosis and treatment of thoraco-abdominal injuries in children].

The authors describe their observation of 20 children with thoraco-abdominal injuries. The efficiency of anesthesiologic resuscitation measures is shown at all the stage of medical aid to the patients. The steps of surgical interventions are dependent on the severity and prevailing injuries of the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavity. Three children died.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1985

Renal trauma found during laparotomy for intra-abdominal injury.

Whether renal injury found during a laparotomy for intra-abdominal injury should have surgical or nonsurgical management is controversial. Five hundred twenty-one renal injuries were found during laparotomy for such injury in 513 patients. Blunt external trauma was the cause in 88%. A modified operating room table enabled performance of immediate intravenous pyelogram during the laparotomy. More severe degrees of renal injury (laceration, rupture, pedicle injury) were present in 135 (26%) of the renal injuries. Immediate surgical management of 102 more severe renal injuries resulted in nephrectomies in 37 (36%), delayed renal surgery in one (0.9%), and renal salvage in five of 18 (27%) main renal artery and/or vein injuries. Nonsurgical management of the remaining 23 resulted in nephrectomies in three (13%), delayed renal surgery in six (26%), total renal loss in seven of seven (100%) main renal artery injuries and an overall nephrectomy/total renal loss rate of 39%. With immediate surgical management of the more severe degrees of renal injury there was a slight increase in the salvage of kidneys and a marked decrease in delayed renal surgery and morbidity.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1994

[Intramural duodenal hematoma after blunt abdominal injury in childhood. Case report].

Gastrointestinal injuries after blunt abdominal trauma in childhood are seldom. In 30% of the patients, the site of injury is the duodenum. In 60% associated injuries including other abdominal or extraabdominal lesions are found. Most frequently duodenal damage consists in parietal haematoma, seldom in duodenal laceration. Duodenal haematoma can be resolved non-operatively in 50%. Operation is recommended for children in whom there is no evidence of partial resolution of the obstruction after 10-14 days or in cases with development of a parietal laceration with peritonitis and/or retroperitonitis. For diagnostic computed tomography is the examination of choice.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

[Echographic symptomatology of closed abdominal injuries].

The importance of echography is emphasised in the diagnosis of closed abdominal injuries. The symptomatology of the possible types of alternative revealable by echography--fluid exudates and parenchymal injuries--are discussed in detail. Personal experience of parenchymal injuries to the liver, spleen and kidneys is then described.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1993

Abdominal injuries in restrained pediatric passengers.

A statewide experience with pediatric abdominal visceral injury in restrained automobile passengers was compiled from the trauma registries of two academic institutions. Retrospective analysis of motor vehicle passenger injuries from 1987 to 1991 included age, sex, mechanism of injury, prehospital care, type of injury, therapeutic interventions, complications, and ultimate outcome. The records of over 2,000 patients evaluated for blunt trauma were reviewed, with 42 children fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: 15 years of age or younger, restrained in an automobile at the time of the accident, and diagnosed with an abdominal injury. Of the 42 patients studied, there were 20 boys and 22 girls; ages ranged from 2 months to 15 years (mean, 7.02 years). Six of 42 patients (14%) required extrication from the vehicle at the scene. Nineteen of 42 patients (45%) sustained belt-related abdominal wall bruising or erythema. The specific blunt visceral injuries noted were as follows: splenic 5, hepatic 5, bowel 6, renal 3, combined 6 (stomach, diaphragm, pancreas, or retroperitoneum). Twenty-three children (55%) had abdominal visceral injuries without external seat belt marks. Operative intervention was necessary in seven patients. A delay in diagnosing visceral injury occurred in 4 of 42 (10%) cases. One patient developed abdominal symptoms 72 hours after the accident. Length of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 45 days. Complications occurred in 4 (10%) of patients. There were two deaths due to injuries. Hollow and solid visceral injuries can occur in belted pediatric passengers during vehicular accidents. Both are a source of significant morbidity, and the patient should be evaluated carefully.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1981

[The value of diagnostic peritoneal lavage in perforating abdominal injuries].

From July to October 1980 40 patients with deep torso injuries caused by shrapnel or high velocity missiles were treated in the ICRC-Field Hospital at Kao-I-Dang near the Cambodian border in Thailand. In 17 cases indication for laparotomy was evident, whereas in 23 patients paracentesis and lavage of the abdomen were performed. In 12 cases with positive results, immediate laparotomy revealed significant intra-abdominal injuries. Of ten patients with negative or weakly positive results nine were treated conservatively and their recovery was uneventful. Only one patient was operated and a retro-peritoneal hematoma not requiring surgery was found. It is concluded that peritoneal lavage is a useful diagnostic procedure in evaluating penetrating abdominal injuries.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1978

Rupture of herniated small intestine from blunt abdominal injury: a report of 2 cases.

Two cases of perforation of the small bowel following blunt abdominal injury in patients with an abdominal hernia are presented. In one case the bowel was present in a large incisional hernia and the injuring force caused transection of the bowel at three different sites. The bowel was resected and the hernia was repaired at the same time. The patient died of associated chest injuries. In the second case, the bowel was caught in an inguinal hernia; although the injuring force was relatively mild it resulted in two perforations in the herniated terminal ileum. The patient survived following closure of the perforations and simultaneous repair of the hernia.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1991

Short-course antibiotic prophylaxis in penetrating abdominal injuries: ceftriaxone versus cefoxitin.

This was a prospective, randomized study of 123 patients with penetrating abdominal injuries. The patients received ceftriaxone or cefoxitin for 24 h (in the presence of colonic injury, 48 h). The overall incidence of abdominal sepsis was 7.3 per cent (ceftriaxone 5 per cent, cefoxitin 9.5 per cent, P greater than 0.05). Colonic injury was the most important risk factor for the development of septic complications. Other factors, such as the weapon used, a prehospital time longer than 4 h, shock on admission, multiple organ injuries, and small bowel perforation, did not influence the incidence of sepsis.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1988

Abdominal vascular injuries.

Abdominal vascular injuries remain rare in centers that primarily treat victims of blunt trauma, but when penetrating wounds of the abdomen are commonly treated, the incidence of abdominal vascular injuries is surprisingly high. With suitable management, many of these patients survive.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1989

Splenectomy for trauma: morbidity, mortality and associated abdominal injuries.

Management of ruptured spleen still frequently requires splenectomy. A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing splenectomy for trauma at Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, over a 14-year period was conducted; 141 of 145 cases were due to blunt trauma. The mortality rate was 10% and all deaths occurred as a result of road traffic accidents. The overall complication rate was 43%, varying from 25% in those with an isolated splenic injury to 100% with multiple system injuries. There was zero incidence of associated intra-abdominal injury in the group sustaining a ruptured spleen as a result of a fall, assault or sporting injury, in contrast to a nearly 50% incidence following road traffic and bicycle accidents. Whether these associated injuries would have been neglected had laparotomy for splenic trauma not been performed is uncertain, and so non-operative management of splenic trauma remains contentious, particularly in cases following vehicular accidents.

Abdominal Injuries↗