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Care homes have poor access to physiotherapy and occupational therapy, and consequently staff can be unaware of basic rehabilitation techniques. A workshop was devised to enable staff to learn simple strategies to improve and maintain residents' mobility and activity. This article describes its design, content and delivery.
A retrospective evaluation of attitudinal, behavioural and knowledge change among diverse stakeholder groups was conducted in Limpopo Province of South Africa to assess the effectiveness of a series of values clarification (VC) interventions. Telephone and face-to-face interview (193) results revealed that over two-thirds (70.2%) reported behavioural changes and 93.2% reported increased compassion for women who seek and providers who render termination of pregnancy. Behaviours supportive of the law were more likely among those initially undecided about their opinion of termination of pregnancy (p < 0.05) than among those initially opposed or supportive to it. When combined with supportive follow-up, three-day VC workshops may be effective at increasing CTOPA knowledge, changing attitudes and spurring advocacy behaviour to support reproductive choice. Research studies with pre-post and case-control designs are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
In 2004, a survey of the deans of U.S. and Canadian dental schools was conducted to determine the implant dentistry curriculum structure and the extent of incorporating implant dentistry clinical treatment into predoctoral programs. The questionnaire was mailed to the deans of the fifty-six dental schools in advance of the ADEA Implant Workshop conference held in Arizona in November 2004. Out of the fifty-six, thirty-nine responded, yielding a response rate of 70 percent. Thirty-eight schools (97 percent) reported that their students received didactic instruction in dental implants, while one school (3 percent) said that its students did not. Thirty schools (86 percent) reported that their students received clinical experience, while five schools (14 percent) reported that theirs did not. Four schools (10 percent) did not respond to this question. Fifty-one percent of the students actually receive the clinical experience in restoring implants, with the range of 5-100 percent. Of those schools that provide clinical experience in restoring implants, four schools (13 percent) reported that it is a requirement for them, while twenty-eight schools (88 percent) reported that it is not a requirement for them. Three schools (9 percent) did not respond. The fee for implants is 45 percent higher than a crown or a denture, with a range of 0-100 percent. Twenty-nine schools (85 percent) indicated that they did receive free components from implant companies, while five schools (15 percent) did not. The conclusions of this report are as follows: 1) most schools have advanced dental education programs; 2) single-tooth implant restorations are performed at the predoctoral level in most schools; 3) implant-retained overdenture prostheses are performed at the predoctoral level in most schools; 4) there is no predoctoral clinical competency requirement for surgical implant placement in all schools that responded to the survey; 5) there is no predoctoral clinical competency requirement for implant prosthodontics in most schools that responded to the survey; 6) prosthodontic specialty faculty are often responsible for teaching implant prosthodontics at the predoctoral level; 7) periodontics and oral and maxillofacial faculty are commonly responsible for teaching implant surgery at the predoctoral level; 8) support from implant companies is common for dental schools, with most providing for implant components at discounted costs; and 9) there is a lack of adequately trained faculty in implant dentistry, which is a significant challenge in providing predoctoral students with clinical experience with dental implants.
Recognition that the lupus anticoagulant (LA) is associated with an increased risk for arterial and venous thrombosis, recurrent spontaneous abortions and fetal loss has led to increased laboratory requests for identification of LA. It is of interest not only to laboratory medicine and obstetrics but also to rheumatology, neurology and cardiology. Due to the antibody's heterogeneous expression, no single test confirms its presence. Recent criteria for LA identification include the performance of one or more screening tests to demonstrate LA interference with phospholipid-dependent tests, differential studies to determine the presence of an inhibitor, and confirmatory procedures to prove that the inhibitor is phospholipid dependent. An international workshop was conducted to study a panel of tests for LA identification and to select those most helpful for diagnosis.
The authors evaluated health risk for workers of auxiliary workshops in heat power stations by workplace air,caused by workplace air pollution with solid particles, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, phenol, carbon oxide, benzpyrene. This evaluation was a part of longstanding research designing measures to optimize work conditions. Kuznetsk heat power station served as an example to calculate mean air concentrations of chemicals, yearly individual risk of chronic intoxication, to determine contribution of each individual chemical into the overall risk, to assess individual risk due to benzpyrene inhalation.
This report summarizes research advances that further our understanding of the evolution, mechanisms and clinical impact of HIV drug resistance presented at the XIVth International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop held in Quebec City, Canada from June 7-11, 2005. The topics that were discussed included the clinical implications of resistance in mother-to-child transmission, breakthroughs in technologies for studying resistance, resistance to new antiretroviral agents, mechanisms of HIV drug resistance, epidemiological trends, and HIV fitness and pathogenesis.
The UK Food Standards Agency convened a group of expert scientists to review current research investigating diet and carriers of genetic mutations associated with hereditary haemochromatosis. The workshop concluded that individuals who are heterozygous for the C282Y mutation of the HFE gene do not appear to respond abnormally to dietary Fe and therefore do not need to change their diet to prevent accumulation of body Fe.
Since 1988, the family practice department of the Brussels Free University organizes Balint minded workshops for second cycle finishing students. The context, the frame, the goals, the results, the limits are described.
Starting with the belief held by some of the workshop participants that access to basic oral health care is a natural human right and that the oral health care system in the United States must serve the common good, we conducted a meeting of ethicists, practicing dentists, dental hygienists, dental educators, and others to discuss ethical issues related to access to care. As one of the meeting organizers, the author discusses in these introductory remarks his background and personal perspectives on why the dental profession has a moral obligation to better address the access issue.
In about 200 papers the results of the workshop on approx. 210 clones, including 67 laboratories, are reported. The present status of techniques in production and use of monoclonal antibodies against blood group antigens, human gammaglobulins, and some complement factors is demonstrated.
Within a working group of the German transfusion society, a workshop was conducted to evaluate the reactivity of monoclonal anti-D supernatants. During this evaluation 10,000 samples were tested, including 325 Du-samples, with 3-5 IgM type antibodies and 3-4 IgG type antibodies, which were selected to also find 'D-variants'. In general, the reactivity with D+ red blood cells was good, and specific in respect to D negative samples. Some samples have been found to have a different pattern of reactivity than the monoclonal antibodies used. Dependent on the method and on the antibody, in some studies up to 100% of Du samples could be detected by anti-D of the IgM type. Some data indicate that the reaction with Du samples is not dependent on titer. In addition, in separate studies the data show a correlation of reactivity in respect to the Rh-phenotype (CcDuee greater than ccDuEe).
The diaper industry workshop focused on four important issues: public health and safety, recycling, composting, and product life cycle analysis techniques. A majority of participants believed that the health and safety issues related to diapers currently receive more public scrutiny than is warranted. They concluded that there is probably no significant public health and safety problems related specifically to diaper handling, recycling, or disposal in properly operated and constructed landfills. Because diaper disposal is a highly visible public issue, however, more definitive health and safety studies should be conducted on the handling and processing of diapers. This would clearly enable public health officials to define any health and safety issues related to diaper handling and to dispel unwarranted fears about health problems associated with diapers.
Three major clinical problems in hypertension were discussed by an international group of investigators during a 3-day workshop. In particular, the type of treatment, what level of blood pressure to treat and what special considerations are required in certain categories of patients were the focus of interest. The findings of the meeting are outlined here.
We have tested all 98 workshop antibodies for blood group antigen reactivity. In initial experiments we used a routine agglutination technique with A1LEb and BLea erythrocytes to screen for reactivity with most of the possible antigens. Except for WS78 which reacted with both types of erythrocyte and WS92 which reacted with A1Leb, there was only very weak or no reactivity. We therefore used indirect immunofluorescence and a cell analyser to increase sensitivity and tested a variety of erythrocytes expressing different blood group antigens. WS78 was strongly reactive against all types of erythrocyte tested (96-99% of the cells). WS92 appeared to react with blood group A1. WS27 detected an antigen present on all erythrocytes but expressed weakly (19-21% of the cells).
An improved jig simulating the abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity is described. It can be used to teach the techniques of abdominal wound closure and stoma formation. It has proved to be a valuable addition to our anastomosis workshops.
The prevention of smoking has been identified by the World Health Organisation as the most potentially effective preventive health measure that developed countries can take. The role of the GP in this process is crucial. A three-hour smoking cessation workshop attempts to improve counselling skills and includes a suggested role for the GP and a smoking withdrawal protocol.
As the AIDS pandemic spreads, the importance of developing effective vaccines against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) assumes increasing importance. Since prevention of any disease is a preferred goal, extensive efforts are being devoted to development of an effective vaccine capable of preventing HIV infection and/or disease. Although many investigators are studying the systemic immune response to HIV, relatively little is known about the mucosal immune response to HIV. A workshop was held to identify the basic research issues in mucosal immunity which need to be addressed in order to rationally design an effective vaccine against HIV. This summary emphasizes the salient points of the papers presented and identifies the unanswered questions.
The case report of a 38-year-old white female with severe mental retardation who was exposed to toxic levels of lead in a ceramics workshop was presented. The route of exposure was discussed. The results of blood lead levels of the other participating clients were included.