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PubMedDate not supplied

Accuracy of the acrylic resin pattern for the implant-retained prosthesis.

An in vitro study was conducted to determine the accuracy of fit of the acrylic resin pattern for the implant-supported prosthesis to the implant abutments. A master model containing five Nobelpharma titanium implants was fabricated using Ivocap acrylic resin. Using this model, five standardized acrylic resin patterns were fabricated from the three test dental acrylic resins. The fabricated patterns remained on the master model for 24 hours before removal and subsequent measurement. To compute the accuracy of each pattern, three special measuring points were firmly attached to each gold cylinder prior to pattern fabrication and the x, y, and z coordinates of these measuring points were determined. Measurements were made prior to pattern fabrication, with the cylinders on their respective abutments and after pattern fabrication, when the pattern had been removed from the master model. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference in accuracy between the test acrylic resins and that none of these materials was completely accurate.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aspiration biopsy smear pattern as a predictor of biologic behavior in adenocarcinoma of the breast.

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is increasingly used for the initial diagnosis of breast carcinoma, yet few studies have investigated the prognostic importance of cytologic features seen in breast FNAC. We studied the relationship between prognosis and smear morphology in 26 patients with breast carcinoma for whom information from long-term follow-up was available. Specifically, we attempted to correlate nuclear grade and smear pattern with hormonal receptor status, lymph node status, breast recurrence and distant metastasis. In an additional five patients (on whom insufficient follow-up information was available), smear pattern and nuclear grade were correlated with hormonal status. Smears were classified into three patterns: typical (sheets and clusters), individual cell predominant and cluster predominant. The individual cell predominant pattern was associated with an increased incidence of distant metastasis when compared with the other two smear patterns (P less than .05). No statistically significant association was observed between smear pattern and the other factors studied. Nuclear grade 2 (of 3) was also associated with an increased incidence of distant metastasis. However, most grade 2 tumors (10/12) were of the individual cell predominant pattern. Smear pattern classification, along with DNA ploidy analysis and hormone receptor analysis of FNAC-derived material, may yield valuable prognostic information.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Fingerprint pattern restoration by digital image processing techniques.

Fingerprint evidence plays an important role in solving criminal problems. However, defective (lacking information needed for completeness) or contaminated (undesirable information included) fingerprint patterns make identifying and recognizing processes difficult. Unfortunately. this is the usual case. In the recognizing process (enhancement of patterns, or elimination of "false alarms" so that a fingerprint pattern can be searched in the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)), chemical and physical techniques have been proposed to improve pattern legibility. In the identifying process, a fingerprint examiner can enhance contaminated (but not defective) fingerprint patterns under guidelines provided by the Scientific Working Group on Friction Ridge Analysis, Study and Technology (SWGFAST), the Scientific Working Group on Imaging Technology (SWGIT), and an AFIS working group within the National Institute of Justice. Recently, the image processing techniques have been successfully applied in forensic science. For example, we have applied image enhancement methods to improve the legibility of digital images such as fingerprints and vehicle plate numbers. In this paper, we propose a novel digital image restoration technique based on the AM (amplitude modulation)-FM (frequency modulation) reaction-diffusion method to restore defective or contaminated fingerprint patterns. This method shows its potential application to fingerprint pattern enhancement in the recognizing process (but not for the identifying process). Synthetic and real images are used to show the capability of the proposed method. The results of enhancing fingerprint patterns by the manual process and our method are evaluated and compared.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Patterns of tuberculosis transmission in a health area of Madrid].

BACKGROUND: Employing molecular epidemiology techniques for the study of tuberculosis can afford the possibility of identifying tuberculosis transmission patterns. This study has been made for the purpose of estimating the incidence of tuberculosis related to recent transmission in Madrid and of identifying the risk factors making it possible to define transmission patterns. METHODS: A three-year descriptive populational study was conducted on patients diagnosed with tuberculosis based on cultures in four districts in Madrid (550,442 inhabitants). The transmission patterns were described by means of conventional epidemiological research and molecular techniques (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism--RFLP--analysis with IS6110 and spoligotyping). RESULTS: An RFLP analysis was conducted on 233 clinically isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, 99 (42.5%) of which were grouped into 29 clusters. The most numerous group was comprised of 134 patients infected with M. tuberculosis strains of a single RFLP pattern. These patients averaged 48.3 years of age (DE 19.4), and 17.2% were revealed to have an endogenous risk factor. Two transmission patterns were identified among the grouped cases. The first pattern included 57 patients pertaining to 23 small clusters (2-4 cases), 25 (43.9%) of which were epidemiologically linked to another case from the same cluster. The second pattern was comprised of 42 patients grouped into 6 large clusters (5 cases or more). The subjects averaged 31.4 years of age (DE 15.8), 28.6% being intravenous drug users, 31% infected with HIV, and 26.2% having a prison background. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying tuberculosis transmission patterns by using molecular biology techniques affords the possibility of detecting population groups for whom preferential measures can be taken in the prevention and control programs.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Serial pattern learning after mild head injury.

Non-verbal serial pattern learning in patients with mild brain injury was examined using a serial pattern-learning task introduced by Nissen and her colleagues. The task involves two types of pattern cycles: Simple and Complex. Each pattern cycle consists of eight acquisition trials followed by a final generation phase, i.e. the ninth trial. The subjects responded to the asterisks appearing in repetitions of a 10-element spatial sequence in each pattern cycle. Eighty subjects were taken, of which 40 subjects had mild head injury and 40 were uninjured. Prior research with this task has shown that individuals show intact performance on the indirect measure of pattern learning, but are impaired on the direct measure. The results of this study showed that mild brain injury does cause a marked disruption in the ability to learn and remember serial pattern information in both simple and complex patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Effect of land use change on spatial distribution pattern of soil total nitrogen in Keerqin sandy land].

By using statistics and geostatistics, this paper studied the content and spatial pattern of soil total nitrogen (TN) in a glassland and an arable land of southeast Keerqin sandy land. The TN content in 0-10 cm soil layer of the arable land reclaimed from a glassland 8 years ago was not different from that of the virgin grassland, but the TN content in 10-20 cm soil layer was higher than that in the grassland (P < 0.05). The soil TN storage in the grassland was 262.36 g x hm(-2) higher than that in the arable land, and its spatial pattern was significantly different between arable land and grassland. The heterogeneity and spatial dependence of TN in each soil layer (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) of the arable land were larger than those of the grassland, and the ranges and fractal dimensions of TN in each soil layer of the arable land were larger than those of the grassland. There existed a clear horizontal spatial structure heterogeneity and spatial distribution pattern in the arable land, while in the grassland, the horizontal spatial structure heterogeneity was very low, and the horizontal spatial distribution pattern was random and uniform. The TN content in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers of the arable land had no difference (P < 0.05), its spatial structure characters had some difference (P < 0.05), and its spatial distribution pattern was very similar (r = 0.683, P < 0.05). The TN content and its spatial structure characters between two soil layers of the grassland had remarkable difference (P < 0.05), but its spatial distribution pattern in the two layers was relatively similar (r = 0.395, P < 0.05). In conclusion, agricultural activity could not only influence soil TN content, but also influence its spatial structure characteristics and spatial distribution pattern. Therefore, our study might promote the further study on the effect of land use change on soil nitrogen distribution pattern and its cycling in ecosystems.

Crops, Agricultural↗
PubMed2005

Does velopharyngeal closure pattern affect the success of pharyngeal flap pharyngoplasty?

Historically at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, pharyngeal flap pharyngoplasty has been the treatment of choice for treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency, regardless of velopharyngeal closure pattern. The authors hypothesize that pharyngeal flap pharyngoplasty is more effective in treating velopharyngeal insufficiency in patients with circular or sagittal velopharyngeal closure and less effective in treating the coronal closure pattern. Ninety-three patients who underwent superiorly based pharyngeal flap surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency were evaluated in a retrospective chart review. Closure pattern was determined preoperatively by nasopharyngoscopy or multiview videofluoroscopy. Nasalance was assessed preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 1 year postoperatively. Nasalance during nonnasal speech was decreased on average, for all closure patterns, postoperatively. However, a significantly higher percentage of patients were corrected to normal nasalance scores in thenoncoronal group than in the coronal group (57 percent versus 35 percent, respectively) at 1 year postoperatively (p < 0.05). Surgical overcorrection, as determined by postoperative hyponasality, occurred at a rate of 13 percent in the coronal group versus 7 percent in the noncoronal group (not statistically significant). The results demonstrate that hypernasality in patients with a coronal velopharyngeal closure pattern can be improved by pharyngeal flap pharyngoplasty. This procedure, however, is more frequently effective in correcting noncoronal closure pattern velopharyngeal insufficiency than coronal pattern velopharyngeal insufficiency. The authors are now more selective in their approach to the management of velopharyngeal insufficiency and are more inclined to treat coronal pattern velopharyngeal insufficiency with sphincter pharyngoplasty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The cytoplasmic dot staining pattern is detected in a subgroup of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of the cytoplasmic dot anti-"nuclear" antibody (ANA) staining pattern. METHODS: We describe a patient with fatigue, arthralgias, elevated serum transaminase, and antibodies staining 5-20 cytoplasmic dots in HEp-2 cells. A liver biopsy revealed the presence of Stage III primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Using 2-color immunofluorescence, we determined the relationship between the cytoplasmic dot staining pattern and that produced by antibodies directed against the GW182 component of mRNA processing bodies. To determine the prevalence of the cytoplasmic dot staining pattern in patients with PBC, sera from 493 patients were tested for antibodies producing this staining pattern. RESULTS: Antibodies in our patient's serum colocalized with anti-GW182 antibodies in cytoplasmic dots, but did not react with recombinant GW182, suggesting that they were directed against an additional component(s) of these structures. The cytoplasmic dot staining pattern was observed in 21 of 493 (4.3%) patients with PBC. In comparison, this staining pattern was not produced by serum from 248 patients with other autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION: A subset of patients with PBC have autoantibodies that produce the cytoplasmic dot staining pattern. These antibodies react with one or more as yet unidentified components of the mRNA processing body. Appreciation of the clinical significance of the cytoplasmic dot staining pattern may assist in appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients with PBC.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Patterns of intimate partner violence: correlates and outcomes.

Battered women experience different constellations of violence and abusive behavior characterized by various combinations of physical violence, sexual violence, psychological abuse, and stalking. The goals of the current study were to determine whether it was possible to identify empirically derived and meaningful patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) and to examine correlates and outcomes of the IPV patterns. Three IPV patterns were identified using cluster analysis. Pattern 1 was characterized by moderate levels of physical violence, psychological abuse, and stalking but little sexual violence. Pattern 2 was characterized by high levels of physical violence, psychological abuse, and stalking but low levels of sexual violence. Pattern 3 was characterized by high levels of all violence types. IPV Pattern 3 was associated with the highest prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, and IPV Pattern 2 had the highest levels of revictimization during the year following recruitment. The clinical and policy implications of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Assessment of Doppler waveform patterns and flow velocities of hepatic veins in children with acute viral hepatitis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate hepatic vein flow patterns and velocities in children with acute viral hepatitis and to compare the findings to a group of healthy children, with duplex sonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty children with acute viral hepatitis were enrolled in group 1 and forty healthy children were enrolled in group 2 (control group). Both groups underwent gray scale and duplex sonography. Hepatic venous Doppler flow patterns were categorized as triphasic, biphasic, or monophasic. Peak systolic velocities of hepatic veins were recorded. RESULTS: In group 1, hepatic venous flow was triphasic in 61.6%, monophasic in 26.6%, and biphasic in 11.6% of the patients. These figures were 88.3%, 8.3%, and 3.3%, respectively, for the controls in group 2. Group 1 had fewer patients with only a triphasic flow pattern, but had a higher percentage of monophasic and biphasic flow patterns. There was a triphasic flow pattern in all three hepatic veins in 50% of group 1 and in 80% of group 2. Differences in flow patterns of hepatic veins between the groups were found to be significant according to the student t-test (p < 0.01), and this was independent of age, gender, feeding status, and activity. CONCLUSION: Similar to reports of chronic liver disease or diffuse liver disease, significant differences in the flow patterns of hepatic veins were found in children with acute viral hepatitis. Hepatic vein flow patterns were frequently monophasic or biphasic in group 1, especially when accompanied by change in hepatic echogenicity. There was no significant difference in the flow velocities of the hepatic veins between group 1 and group 2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Sonographic patterns of ribs with tumor involvement.

We analyzed the sonographic appearance of the ribs when there was tumor involvement in 16 patients (12 men and 4 women). The tumors included 11 carcinomas, 3 nonepithelial malignancies and 2 benign tumors. Three sonographic patterns on the cross section of abnormal ribs were identified. Pattern I was an eccentrical hyperechoic plate-like shadow inside a hypoechoic tumor. Pattern II was a round hyperechoic shadow or ring in the center of a hypoechoic tumor. Pattern III was a hypoechoic tumor only. The Pancoast tumor manifested pattern I. Metastatic cancer, mostly squamous cell carcinoma, manifested pattern II, and both malignant and benign tumors could manifest pattern III. In sonography, the margin and shape of the tumors, the change in the acoustic shadow of the rib and the pleural line did not differentiate the malignant tumors from benign tumors. When we routinely took a biopsy of these tumors under sonar guidance, the diagnostic yield was 100% without any complications. We conclude that the rib should be evaluated in chest sonography, and that pattern recognition and biopsy under sonar guidance are most useful.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Electrical stimulation induced cervical medial branch referral patterns.

STUDY DESIGN: Electrical stimulation of the right cervical medial branches with or without the third occipital nerves was performed in nine subjects for a total of forty-eight medial branches and eight third occipital nerves. The referral patterns of each nerve or nerve branch was mapped on a human line diagram. These diagrams were compared to facet joint (zygapophyseal joint, facet joint), myofascial, and discogenic referral patterns already published by various authors. OBJECTIVE: [corrected] To determine the referral patterns of the cervical medial branches and the third occipital nerve. HYPOTHESIS: The cervical medial branch referral patterns created by electrical stimulation may differ from those reported from other etiologies and may prove to be useful when considering various cervical pain syndromes. METHODS: The third occipital nerve and third through eighth medial branches of the cervical posterior rami of nine subjects with and without a history of neck pain were electrically stimulated under fluoroscopic imaging. All subjects were blinded to the level of stimulation, and the referral patterns of each individual were mapped out on a human line drawing by the primary author of this study. These referral patterns were compared to referral patterns reported from other etiologies by various authors. CONCLUSIONS: Electrical stimulation of the third occipital nerve as well as the medial branch of the right C3-C8 posterior primary rami create discrete, reproducible referral patterns which differ from those reported from other etiologies by various authors.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Diagnostic and prognostic values of in vitro culture growth patterns of marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.

The in vitro culture growth of marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM assay) was studied in 102 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed primary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to determine its diagnostic utility and prognostic value. There were 18 patients with refractory anemia (RA), eight RA with ringed-sideroblast (RARS), 30 RA with excess of blasts (RAEB), 18 chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and 28 RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T). Patients with MDS had a significantly lower number of GM colonies and a significantly higher cluster to colony ratio than those of normal controls and patients with cytopenias of other causes. Six in vitro growth patterns were observed; 85% of patients with MDS showed various abnormal growth patterns, and 42% of all MDS patients exhibited a leukemic growth pattern at diagnosis. None of the 40 patients with cytopenias of other causes had a leukemic type growth. A leukemic growth pattern was rarely observed in patients with RA and RARS (4%), but was common in other subgroups (57%). The distribution of various growth patterns was not statistically different among patients with RAEB, CMML, and RAEB-T. Thirty-six patients developed acute leukemia during the follow-up period. The MDS patients with leukemic type growth were at increased risk of rapid progression to acute leukemia, and they also had a shorter survival time than patients with a non-leukemic pattern. These results showed that simply scoring the number of CFU-GM is of limited value for the diagnosis and the prediction of prognosis of MDS, whereas the in vitro marrow culture growth pattern is of prognostic significance independently of the FAB classification. It is concluded that the in vitro growth pattern of marrow CFU-GM is helpful in diagnosing patients with MDS as well as in predicting their clinical outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Genetic population structure of Italy. I. Geographic patterns of gene frequencies.

The diversity of spatial patterns of 61 allele frequencies for 20 genetic systems (15 loci) in Italy is presented. Blood antigens, enzymes, and proteins were analyzed. The total number of data points over all systems and localities was 1119. We used homogeneity tests, one-dimensional and directional spatial correlograms, and SYMAP interpolated surfaces. The data matrices were reduced by clustering techniques to reveal the principal patterns. Only a few allele frequency surfaces are strongly correlated across loci. All systems but one (ADA) exhibit significant heterogeneity in allele frequencies among the localities. Significant spatial patterns are shown by 27 of the 61 surfaces. Only one pattern (cde; system 4.19) is clinal; another (PGM1) exhibits a pure isolation by distance pattern; the others show long-range differentiation in addition to the short-distance decline of autocorrelation expected under isolation by distance. There is a marked decline in overall genetic similarity with distance for most variables. The 27 spatially significant alleles in Italy are also significantly patterned in Europe, but in all but 2 cases the country-wide and continent-wide patterns differ. The Italian patterns are due to forces specific to Italy. Differential selection for alleles associated with malaria is still evident. Whereas short-range differentiation can with malaria is still evident. Whereas short-range differentiation can be explained by isolation by distance, long-range differentiation appears to be due to demographic changes in certain populations that may be maintained by physical and linguistic isolation.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1990

The pattern design for evaluation of castability of nickel-chromium alloys.

To find a pattern design that would provide a higher degree of discrimination for castability of nickel-chromium alloys using a polyester sieve cloth pattern, four shaped patterns were chosen. The results as calculated by t-test indicated that patterns No. 2 and No. 3 can discriminate the castability of nickel-chromium alloys over almost the total range of the casting temperatures, but that pattern No. 3 is a better discriminator for the castability. Pattern No. 1 can only discriminate the castability at lower casting temperatures. Pattern No. 4 can only discriminate the castability at higher casting temperatures. The percent castability value calculated from the number of complete square segments and the areas of the four patterns are highly linear correlations, so it is reasonably accurate to calculate the castability only from counting the number of complete square segments. Beryllium-containing nickel-chromium alloy is more castable than non-beryllium-containing alloy and the higher casting temperatures appear to result in better castability.

Beryllium↗
PubMed1990

DNA ploidy patterns in gallbladder adenocarcinoma.

DNA ploidy patterns in gallbladder carcinoma were examined by flow cytometry using paraffin-embedded tissues. The incidence of DNA aneuploidy was 46.3% and of a diploid pattern, 53.7%. No relation could be observed between DNA ploidy pattern and histological type. There was a tendency for the incidence of diploid patterns in early carcinomas to be higher than that of aneuploidy patterns, but there was no significant difference. No obvious correlation could be demonstrated between DNA ploidy pattern and prognosis. Gallbladder carcinomas were divided into metaplastic and non-metaplastic types based on the presence or absence of metaplastic changes, in accordance with our classification. The relation between DNA ploidy pattern and tumor type was examined, but none was observed. In the present study, no correlation could be observed between DNA ploidy pattern and clinicopathologic findings in gallbladder carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing properties and growth patterns of identified leech neurons in culture.

An analysis has been made of intrinsic mechanisms influencing growth patterns of 2 identified leech interneurons in tissue culture. These small cells (known as DL and VL) display unusual arborizations in the ganglion. The distinctive branching patterns resemble the letter "T" for VL and the letter "Y" for DL. DL and VL cells contain serotonin and can be identified in situ with Neutral red. 1. DL and VL cells were isolated and cultured on 2 homogeneous substrates, concanavalin A (Con A) and leech extracellular matrix extract (ECM). Individual DL and VL cells in culture retained their ability to fire in spontaneous, rhythmical bursts. The synaptic connections formed in culture were specific and differed from those made by other serotonergic neurons. 2. On both Con A and ECM the neurons sprouted to reproduce their characteristic patterns. Every DL or VL cell that grew processes on ECM developed the appropriate Y- or T-shaped pattern. On Con A, most but not all of the cells showed specific Y or T patterns. The probability of sprouting was higher on Con A than on ECM. 3. Disruption of microtubular assemblies in freshly isolated DL and VL cells by treatment with nocodazole did not affect the later outgrowth of specific patterns in culture. 4. These results provide evidence that adult DL and VL leech neurons retain intrinsic information for determining a variety of their properties in culture: In particular, they reproduce type-specific neuritic patterns in the absence of extrinsic guidance cues. Moreover, the intrinsic pattern determining mechanism is not lost after the destruction of microtubular arrays within the cytoskeleton.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Inheritance of low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns: results of complex segregation analysis.

Heterogeneity in the size of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles was used to identify two distinct patterns based on gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. These two phenotypes, LDL subclass pattern A and pattern B, were characterized by a predominance of large, buoyant LDL particles and small, dense LDL particles, respectively. The inheritance of these LDL subclass patterns was investigated in a sample of 61 healthy families including 301 individuals. LDL subclass pattern B was present in 31% of the subjects, with the prevalence varying by gender, age, and (in women) menopausal status. Complex segregation analysis suggested a major locus controlling LDL subclass patterns. The model providing the best fit to the data included a dominant mode of inheritance with a frequency of .25 for the allele determining LDL subclass pattern B and reduced penetrance for men under age 20 and for premenopausal women. Thus, the allele for the LDL subclass pattern characterized by a predominance of small, dense LDL particles appears to be very common in the population, although not usually expressed until adulthood in men and until after menopause in women. The presence of a major gene controlling LDL subclass could explain much of the familial aggregation of lipid and apolipoprotein levels and may be involved in increased risk of coronary heart disease.

Adolescent↗