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At least 1,603 records · Page 89Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Longevity and age-related pathology of LVG outbred golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).

A colony of male Lakeview Golden (LVG) Syrian hamsters has been maintained for the last nine years as a source of various tissues for cellular aging studies. Observations on this colony also yielded data on survival time and physical and pathological manifestations of aging in this strain. Based on 150 spontaneous deaths, the median life span was found to be 19.5 months. The maximum life span was 36 months and the minimum 6 months. A cross-sectional pathological survey of sacrificed and spontaneously dying members of the population revealed a low rate of neoplasia and a variety of degenerative lesions that increased with age. These observations of a varied pathology and a low frequency of neoplasia provide justification for the continued development of the male LVG Syrian hamster as an animal model system for use in studies on the mechanism of both in vivo and in vitro aging.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Interaction of aging and lifelong ethanol ingestion on ethanol-related behaviors and longevity.

The interactions of aging and long-term voluntary ethanol consumption were studied in the alcohol-preferring AA (Alko Alcohol) rats. The mean daily ethanol intake was 6.45 +/- 0.31 g/kg/day (mean +/- SE) at the beginning of the exposure at 3 months of age. The control animals were given only food and water ad libitum. There was no difference in survival or weight gain between the control and ethanol groups. When tested for voluntary ethanol intake at the age of 24 months, the rats in the ethanol group consumed significantly more ethanol than the controls. The two groups did not differ in ethanol-induced motor impairment, sleep-time, or hypothermia, nor in the rate of ethanol elimination. The 24-month-old animals, however, showed higher sensitivity to ethanol than the 3-4-month-old rats in the sleep-time test. It is concluded that the feeding regimen used in this study did not produce any detectable interactions between ethanol and the aging processes in the AA rats.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of vitamin A on longevity.

Increasing the dietary content of Vitamin A from inadequate to adequate during the developmental stages of Drosophila increased the median life span by as much as 17.5%. The optimum dietary range of concentrations of Vitamin A for increasing the life span of Drosophila was found to be between 4 and 8 IU/g food. The maximum life span was reduced as dietary concentrations of Vitamin A exceeded this value. Vitamin A palmitate and retinal inhibited the peroxidation of linolenic acid induced by the generation of superoxide radicals from acetaldehyde. Other forms of Vitamin A, such as retinol and retinoic acid, moderately inhibited lipid peroxidation at low concentrations but stimulated peroxidation considerably when present at high concentrations. Based upon the ability of these retinoids to inhibit the reduction of cytochrome c by superoxide radicals, we propose that retinoids can inhibit and stimulate lipid peroxidation depending upon their concentration by reacting with superoxide radicals. We suggest that this reaction is the basis for the apparent ability of Vitamin A to prolong and shorten life span depending upon the dietary intake.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of mating status, sex ratio, and population density on longevity and offspring production of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae).

The life span and reproductive rate of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), were determined at different adult densities and sex ratios at 30 +/- 1 degree C, 75 +/- 5% relative humidity (RH), and with feed consisting of ground wheat plus wheat germ (4:1, w/w). The mean life spans of adult beetles were 32 weeks for adults individually isolated in separate vials, 22 to 25 weeks for adults of different strains kept one male and one female per vial, 24 weeks for a group of 30 virgin females together in one vial, 13 weeks for a group of 30 virgin males together in one vial, 14 weeks for groups with 10 males and 20 females per vial, 13 weeks for groups with 15 males and 15 females per vial, and 12 weeks for groups with 20 males and 10 females per vial. When kept one adult per vial, males and females had similar life spans; when kept one male and one female per vial, males lived longer; when kept in groups of 30 per vial females lived longer, except in the group which had a sex ratio of two males to one female; in this group life spans of males and females were the same. Females in separate vials with one male produced mean numbers of of offspring ranging from 389 for an inbred homozygous malathion-resistant strain to 514 for an outbred strain (genetically variable: GV). GV strain females in vials which had 10 males and 20 females produced a mean of 97 offspring, GV strain females in vials which had 15 males and 15 females produced a mean of 146 offspring, and GV strain females in vials which had 20 males and 10 females produced a mean of 216 offspring. The results of this study and similar studies on other insect species suggest that the life span of this insect is inversely related to the rate at which it expends energy and to injury incurred during copulation, and that oviposition rate decreases as the density of larvae and female adults increases.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Aging and stress-induced changes in choline and glutamate uptake in hippocampus and septum of two rat strains differing in longevity and reactivity to stressors.

Stress induced changes in neurochemical indices of neurotransmission are more pronounced in the septohippocampal cholinergic system of Wistar Kyoto rats, which are behaviorally more reactive to stressors and have a shorter life span, than in Brown Norway rats. Moreover, pronounced degeneration of septohippocampal cholinergic neurons occurs earlier in life in Wistar Kyoto rats. In the present study the high affinity synaptosomal uptakes of choline and glutamate were used as indices for cholinergic and glutamatergic systems respectively. Following 2 hr of mild restrain stress increases in both uptake systems were observed in all regions examined (hippocampus, septum and frontal cortex). The stress-induced increases were generally similar in young (3 months) and aged (20 months) rats of both strains. The noted exception was that choline uptake levels, which were reduced in the hippocampus of unhandled aged WKY rats, remained unchanged after stress. The results confirm the involvement of the septohippocampal cholinergic system in the response to acute stress and extend the findings to include the hippocamposeptal glutamatergic system activation as well. It is suggested that in spite of neuronal degeneration during aging, these responses to stress can be maintained by compensatory efforts of neurons that remain intact.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Effect of diamide administration on longevity, oxygen consumption, superoxide dismutase, catalase, inorganic peroxides and glutathione in the adult housefly, Musca domestica.

The role of glutathione as an antioxidant was examined in the adult housefly by the administration of diamide, an oxidant of glutathione. Although diamide effectively oxidized glutathione, it also stimulated the synthesis of glutathione. Diamide induced a decrease in the rate of oxygen consumption and in the activity of superoxide dismutase. Diamide increased catalase activity and the concentration of inorganic peroxides at early ages. The results suggest that oxidation of glutathione induces counterbalancing adaptive changes in the housefly.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of paraquat administration on longevity, oxygen consumption, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, inorganic peroxides and glutathione in the adult housefly.

The effects of oxidative stress in the adult male housefly were examined by the administration of 1 mM paraquat. Houseflies exhibit NADH and NADPH-diaphorase activity. Paraquat caused a significant decrease in life span, metabolic rate and the concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactants. Concentrations of reduced glutathione and inorganic peroxides were increased by paraquat. Paraquat stimulated the activity of catalase but did not affect activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase. The levels of oxidized glutathione and the rate of fluorescent age pigment accumulation were unaffected by paraquat. Results indicate that paraquat toxicity does not result from lipid peroxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production and longevity of mammalian species.

The objective of this study was to examine the possible involvement of oxygen free radicals in the aging process. Rates of mitochondrial O2.- and H2O2 production and oxygen consumption in the kidney and the heart were compared among seven different mammalian species namely, mouse, hamster, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, pig, and cow, whose maximum life span potential (MLSP) varies from 3.5 to 30 years. The rates of mitochondrial O2.- and H2O2 generation were inversely correlated to MLSP, and directly related to specific metabolic rate and state 4 mitochondrial respiration. Results of this study indicate that under identical conditions, mitochondria from shorter-lived species produce relatively higher amounts of reactive oxygen species than those from the longer-lived species, and, thus, support the free radical hypothesis of aging.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

Mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation, protein oxidative damage, and longevity in different species of flies.

The objective of this study was to further elucidate the role of oxidative stress in the aging process by determining whether or not the rates of mitochondrial superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase, and the concentration of protein carbonyls are correlated with the life span potential of different species. A comparison was made among five different species of dipteran flies, namely, Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), Musca domestica (house fly), Sarcophaga bullata (flesh fly), Calliphora vicina (blow fly) and Phaenecia sericata (a species of blow flies), which range more than 2-fold in their life span potentials. The average life span potential of these species was found to be inversely correlated with the rates of mitochondrial superoxide and H2O2 production and with the level of protein carbonyls, and to be directly related to the activity of cytochrome c oxidase. The significance of these findings in context of the validity of the oxidative stress hypothesis of aging is discussed. It is inferred that longer life span potential in these insect species is associated with relatively low levels of oxidant generation and oxidative molecular damage. These results accord with our previous findings on different mammalian species.

Animals↗