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PubMed1999

Resistance of enterococci to heat and chemical agents.

Within the framework of the standardisation efforts on disinfectant testing on the European level the test germ Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 has been included for some time in the test requirements whereas the test strain Enterococcus faecium, which has frequently been used up to now, has been largely ignored. We compared the thermal and the chemical resistance of both test germ species. In the quantitative suspension test with active ingredients from the group of aldehydes, phenols, quaternaries and oxidizing agents with the exception of peracetic acid, no significant differences were determined between the two strains. In the case of the studies on thermal resistance at 65 degrees C and 68 degrees C, Enterococcus faecium ATCC 6057, by contrast, proved to be far more resistant than Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541. According to these results, priority should be given to Enterococcus faecium over Enterococcus hirae as the test germ for chemical and also chemothermal disinfection.

Benzalkonium Compounds↗
PubMed2000

[Colony PCR for rapid detection of antibiotic resistance genes in MRSA and enterococci].

We examined colony PCR that does not use the prepared template DNA but intact cells as the template DNA source for the rapid, simple and reproducible detection of antibiotic resistance genes in strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus. Two factors turned out to be important; i.e. the transfer size of bacterial cells and the use of DNA Polymerase with high performance. In practice, the tip of a toothpick was lightly touched with a colony on agar plates followed by the PCR mixture (20 microliters) containing KOD-plus-DNA Polymerase and multiplex primers. The cell transfer size ranged from 10(3) to 10(4) cfu and 30 cycles of PCR (95 degrees C, 30 sec.-->50 degrees C, 30 sec.-->72 degrees C, 60 sec.) following the first heating (95 degrees C, 3 min.) resulted in good amplification of the target regions of mecA and aac(6')/aph(2") that are responsible for the resistance to methicillin and arbekacin, respectively.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed2001

[Hydroxamate siderophore effect on growth of enterococci].

In eleven strains of genus Enterococcus relation between hydroxamate siderophore production and growth in iron-restricted liquid medium was investigated. Fe(III) deficiency caused moderate decrease of growth rate: the exponential growth phase was prolonged and yield of bacterial mass was lower. The hydroxamate siderophore was produced by all strains but occurred at different phase of growth. Only part of strains showed classical pattern of growth kinetic and siderophore synthesis.

Enterococcus↗
PubMed2001

[Animal body iron sources utilized in vitro by enterococci].

Under iron restricted conditions enterococcal strains could utilize in vitro several animal body iron sources in form of bovine hemoglobin, hemin, lactoferrin and transferrin, ovotransferrin, horse myoglobin, ferritin and cytochrome C. Spectrum of utilized iron sources was not depended on species affiliation and origin of strains.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Update on the susceptibility of streptococci to antibiotics (enterococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae excluded)].

Over the last years, the emergence of resistance to antibiotics has complicated the management of streptococcal infections. The resistance of streptococci to antibiotics is increasing and seems to be linked to the consumption of antibiotics. Resistances to antibiotics have been noted in all species of streptococci and no family of antibiotics is unaffected by resistances. The incidence of resistance to antibiotics varies from one species to another and according to countries. Presently, even though no Streptococcus pyogenes has shown diminished susceptibility to betalactams, this phenomenon has been reported for some strains in the B, C, and G groups, and for up to 56 % of oral streptococci. As for the resistance to macrolides, it reaches as many as 41 % of Streptococcus pyogenes, 46 % of group B streptococci, and 63 % of oral streptococci responsible for severe infections. This evolution is worrying for all streptococci but particularly for oral streptococci which represent a potential reservoir of virulence genes, notably towards Streptococcus pneumoniae. New families of antibiotics as the ketolides or the oxazolidinones appear to be effective in the treatment of streptococcal infections, but it seems that only a policy of control of the consumption of antibiotics could globally decrease the occurrence of resistance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗