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PubMed1982

[General practice of nutrition diagnosis].

Important condition for a parenteral, enteral or parenteral-enteral nutrition, especially in patients before extended operations of during conservative therapy, is an exact nutritional assessment before beginning of this therapy. By means of biochemical examinations (visceral proteins), anthropometric measurements (body mass, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, creatinine index) and immunological methods (total lymphocyte count in the blood, skin testing with test antigens) it is possible to classify nutritional conditions in severity and kind of malnutrition. By evaluating the digestive and resorptive capacity it is possible to determine the way of application.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1981

Simple method of assessing splenic function in coeliac disease.

1. Erythrocytes with membrane abnormalities seen on interference contrast microscopy ('pitted erythrocytes') were counted in venous blood samples from patients with treated coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis, and from control subjects and patients who had had an elective splenectomy. 2. The percentage of 'pitted erythrocytes' was compared with the 99mTc-labelled heat-damaged erythrocyte clearance, and with the splenic size computed from scintiscans. 3. There was a significant correlation between percentage 'pitted erythrocytes' and the above methods of measuring splenic function and size. Increase in the percentage of 'pitted erythrocytes' above the control range indicated splenic hypofunction. 4. The number of coeliac patients with percentage 'pitted erythrocytes' above the control range increased with increasing age at which they started a gluten-free diet. 5. Counting of 'pitted erythrocytes' is a simple and sensitive method of assessing splenic hypofunction in treated coeliac disease. It avoids radiation exposure, and is applicable to all ages and repeatable without risk. 6. The incidence of splenic hypofunction in coeliac patients may be related to the duration of untreated disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[The diagnosis of HIV infection by detecting specific nucleotide sequence].

There are several methods to detect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; the detection of antibodies against HIV, the detection of HIV particles, and the detection of HIV infected cells. The detection of anti-HIV antibodies is practical, but the antibodies are undetectable both on a seronegative person at the superacute phase, and the new-born baby from a seropositive mother. No other method is ideal for all purposes. Thus the detection of the HIV-specific nucleotide sequence especially using the PCR method has been expected. We developed a quantitational PCR method to assay HIV-infected PBMC cell number, and the result correlated with that of the quantitational culture method, and also correlated with the CD4 count, that is inversely related to the clinical stage of HIV infection. Our quantitational PCR method must be improved before application to a practical routine test. A new PCR kit to detect HIV infected cells qualitatively has been developed and purchased in Europe. This kit is especially workable to test specimens where the antibody detection method cannot be used. PCR can be used on other specimens and can be applied to HIV infection. HIV RNA (both genomic RNA and viral mRNA) can be detected by a combination with the reverse transcriptase reaction. This method (RT-PCR) will be ideal to detect HIV particles. With PCR, the sequence-differentiation between each clinical virus strain may be detected, thus the characterization of a virus strain such as drug resistance, latency, or the prognosis may be recognized. PCR is indeed a valuable method to detect HIV-infection, provided its limits are properly understood.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Antibacterial activity of retinaldehyde against Propionibacterium acnes.

BACKGROUND: Retinaldehyde has been shown to exert antibacterial activity in vitro. AIM: This study evaluates the effect of retinaldehyde on Propionibacterium acnes both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: Microbial minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of retinaldehyde and retinoic acid were determined on reference strains of P. acnes. In vivo activity of daily topical application of 0.05% retinaldehyde on the P. acnes density was evaluated after application in a single-blind randomised study. RESULTS: MICs of retinaldehyde were 4 mg/l for P. acnes No. CIP179 and CIP53119 and 8 mg/l for P. acnes No. CIP53117. In contrast, the MICs of retinoic acid were superior to 128 mg/l for these three strains. In vivo, retinaldehyde-treated areas displayed a significant decrease in counts of viable P. acnes as compared with the untreated areas with a median decrease of 10(2) log P. acnes/cm(2) after 2 weeks of daily application. Vehicle alone had no effect. CONCLUSION: The MIC of retinaldehyde against P. acnes suggests a direct antibacterial activity. Daily topical application of 0.05% retinaldehyde is associated with a clear reduction of the P. acnes density.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1995

A method for histomorphometric characterization of a peri-implantar new formed tissue to biomaterials.

The spatial distribution and concentration of distinct cellular elements are of interest in the evaluation of the biological reaction to implant materials, the so called biomaterials. We present a method, based on a computer assisted cell-counting program, developed to quantify the soft tissue reaction to implanted material. Five pseudomembranes formed around silicone skin expanders were studied; they were subjected to histological immunohistochemical and histomorphometrical investigation. This quantitative approach overcomes weakness due to the subjectivity of the observers and offers new possibilities when assaying the local tissue compatibility; moreover, it shows a good applicability to a wide variety of implant materials.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Fluorometric assay of DNA in cartilage and correction for interference by matrix components.

A fluorometric assay using 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid for analysis of DNA in alkaline-hydrolyzed calf articular cartilage is described. Additional estimates of DNA content, obtained by counting of cells in cartilage slices and of cells isolated from the tissue by digestion with bacterial collagenase, indicated that falsely high values were obtained with the fluorometric assay and with the indole procedure of Bonting and Jones. Cartilage collagen and proteoglycan were both found to contribute to this interference. Factors to correct for this interference were determined, based upon the hydroxyproline and uronic acid contents of these components. application of these corrections to DNA values obtained by fluorometric assay of the cartilage samples resulted in DNA estimates in agreement with those obtained by counting of cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on right and left ventricular function in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome.

The predominant mechanism of the cardiac output reduction associated with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is unclear. Reported possibilities include decreased systemic venous return, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, or change in ventricular contractility. We investigated this question by studying 9 patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) during PEEP application. We used an equilibrium radionuclide angiography method modified for improved right ventricular imaging to evaluate changes in left and right ventricular volume and contractility. Thermodilution cardiac output and stroke volume progressively declined (27 and 33% mean decrease, respectively) with increasing increments of PEEP. Right and left ventricular end diastolic counts, reflecting volume, also progressively diminished as PEEP increased (38 and 27% mean decrease in RV and LV counts, respectively; p less than 0.001 for both ventricles). A slight upward trend in ejection fraction was found for both ventricles. These findings support the concept that during PEEP application the reduction in cardiac output is due to biventricular reduction in blood volume. This biventricular volume reduction is compatible with either preload reduction to both ventricles because of impeded venous return or to change in ventricular configuration caused by external compression of both ventricles.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Quantifying the robustness of a broth-based model for predicting Listeria monocytogenes growth in meat and poultry products.

Given the importance of Listeria monocytogenes as a risk factor in meat and poultry products, there is a need to evaluate the relative robustness of predictive growth models applied to meat products. The U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Pathogen Modeling Program is a tool widely used by the food industry to estimate pathogen growth, survival, and inactivation in food. However, the robustness of the Pathogen Modeling Program broth-based L. monocytogenes growth model in meat and poultry application has not, to our knowledge, been specifically evaluated. In the present study, this model was evaluated against independent data in terms of predicted microbial counts and covered a range of conditions inside and outside the original model domain. The robustness index was calculated as the ratio of the standard error of prediction (root mean square error of the model against an independent data set not used to create the model) to the standard error of calibration (root mean square error of the model against the data set used to create the model). Inside the calibration domain of the Pathogen Modeling Program, the best robustness index for application to meat products was 0.37; the worst was 3.96. Outside the domain, the best robustness index was 0.40, and the worst was 1.22. Product type influenced the robustness index values (P < 0.01). In general, the results indicated that broth-based predictive models should be validated against independent data in the domain of interest; otherwise, significant predictive errors can occur.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Demonstration of methods to reduce E. coli runoff from dairy manure application sites.

Contamination by bacteria is a leading cause of impairment in U.S. waters, particularly in areas of livestock agriculture. We evaluated the effectiveness of several practices in reducing Escherichia coli levels in runoff from fields receiving liquid dairy (Bos taurus) manure. Runoff trials were conducted on replicated hay and silage corn (Zea mays L.) plots using simulated rainfall. Levels of E. coli in runoff were approximately 10(4) to 10(6) organisms per 100 mL, representing a significant pollution potential. Practices tested were: manure storage, delay between manure application and rainfall, manure incorporation by tillage, and increased hayland vegetation height. Storage of manure for 30 d or more consistently and dramatically lowered E. coli counts in our experiments, with longer storage providing greater reductions. Manure E. coli declined by > 99% after approximately 90 d of storage. On average, levels of E. coli in runoff were 97% lower from plots receiving 30-d-old and > 99% lower from plots receiving 90-d-old manure than from plots where fresh manure was applied. Runoff from hayland and cornland plots where manure was applied 3 d before rainfall contained approximately 50% fewer E. coli than did runoff from plots that received manure 1 d before rainfall. Hayland vegetation height alone did not significantly affect E. coli levels in runoff, but interactions with rainfall delay and manure age were observed. Manure incorporation alone did not significantly affect E. coli levels in cornland plot runoff, but incorporation could reduce bacteria export by reducing field runoff and interaction with rainfall delay was observed. Extended storage that avoids additions of fresh manure, combined with application several days before runoff, incorporation on tilled land, and higher vegetation on hayland at application could substantially reduce microorganism loading from agricultural land.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1998

Determination of the specific activity of sheep plasma amino acids using high-performance liquid chromatography: comparison study between liquid scintillation counter and on-line flow-through detector.

A method was developed for the determination of the specific activities of leucine and phenylalanine in plasma using a flow-through scintillation counter coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography components. Results were compared with those obtained from liquid scintillation counting. Differences in the specific activities of leucine and phenylalanine between the two methods were not statistically significant. We concluded that flow-through radioactivity detection can be used for quantitative amino acid assays. However, the minimum activity that can be detected may be prohibitively low in certain applications.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The value of white blood cell counts before revision total knee arthroplasty.

A white blood cell count (WBC) of >50000 cell/mm(3) from a knee aspirate with >or=80% polymorphonuclear cells (PMNCs) is suggestive of infection. This study sought to determine if these same criteria were applicable when interpreting aspirates from a total knee. Of 440 revision total knee arthroplasties, 86 patients had preoperative aspirations of the knee before revision. Fifty-five aspirates were from aseptic failures; 31 aspirates were from patients determined to have septic failure. The mean white blood cell (WBC) count in aspirates from the aseptic group was 645 cells/mm(3) (SD = 878). The mean WBC count in the septic group was 25951 cells/mm(3) (SD = 34994; P=<.001). The mean percentage of PMNCs was statistically higher in the septic group compared with the aseptic group (72.8% vs 27.3%; P=<.001). The synovial fluid WBC count differential analysis is a statistically relevant indicator of the presence or absence of infection in revision knee arthroplasty. Aspirates with a WBC count of 2500 per milliliter and 60% PMNCs are highly suggestive of infection.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗
PubMed2004

Quantification of DNA synthesis from different pathways in cultured human fibroblasts and myocytes.

We have quantified DNA synthetic rates from different pathways in cultured cells using a new stable isotope technique. Human fibroblasts and myocytes were grown in culture media supplemented with [U-(13)C(6)]glucose and [(15)N]glycine. The cells were sampled daily from day 1 to day 5. A portion of the cells harvested at day 5 was subcultured for an additional 3 passages to reach isotopic plateau. In both cell types total DNA fractional synthetic rate (FSR) was found to agree closely with the rate of cell proliferation determined by cell counting (FSR = 0.94%. h(-1) v 0.92%. h(-1) for DNA synthesis and cell count, respectively, in myocytes and 0.85%. h(-1) v 0.91%. h(-1) for DNA synthesis and cell count, respectively, in fibroblasts). In fibroblasts the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway accounted for over 70% of total DNA synthesis. In myocytes the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway was minimal, whereas the de novo base synthesis pathway accounted for almost 80% of total DNA synthesis. We conclude that the contributions of various pathways to DNA synthesis are highly dependent on cell type. This new stable isotope technique can be modified for application in in vivo studies.

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMed2006

Counting signal processing and counting level normalization techniques of polarization-insensitive fiber-optic Michelson interferometric sensors.

A counting signal processing technique of the fiber-optic interferometric sensor is proposed. The technique is capable of counting the numbers of the maximum and minimum of the output interferometric signal in a specific time duration, and it can be used as the basis to distinguish the sensing phase signal. It can also be used as a signal detector on applications such as intrusion detection. All sensors are subject to aging of the optical components and bending loss, and therefore the output signal of each sensor may vary with time. We propose a counting level normalization technique to compensate for these variations and to obtain the correct counting numbers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Effects of short-term exposure to the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on skin carcinogenesis in SENCAR mice.

Skin tumor promotion after a short-term exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was studied in female SENCAR mice. Mice were dosed once by the topical application of 20 micrograms of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in 0.2 ml acetone. A week later, they received topical applications of TPA (2 or 4 micrograms per 0.2 ml acetone) once or twice a week for periods of 1-10 weeks and were killed at 30 weeks. Skin tumors were counted and measured for size weekly. When TPA was applied once a week for 10 weeks or only twice a week for 2 weeks, there was significant promotion of papilloma formation in a large proportion of mice initiated with DMBA. Mice that received one or two applications had a few skin tumors. The total number of papillomas decreased considerably and the majority appeared to regress after 20 weeks in mice that received TPA treatment for 10 weeks. In mice that received only 4 TPA treatments, however, the majority of the papillomas grew progressively in size and did not regress during the entire experimental period. A greater proportion of these tumors progressed to carcinoma than did those in mice receiving TPA for 10 weeks. Thus, a short-term exposure was effective in causing certain changes in skin of SENCAR mice that led to tumor development and progression.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed2005

[How to measure the structures, or new stereology. II. Methods of stereological estimation of the absolute dimensions of cell structures in light microscopy].

This review describes modern stereological estimators used for the counting of histological structures and their parameters determination at the light microscopic level. All of these estimators, as a rule, require the preliminary application of a disector for the sampling of images. Nucleator and rotator not only allow unbiased determination of structures absolute dimensions, but also help to save the time used for these operations. In the last years, these stereological estimators are being increasingly used in clinical practice and in electron microscopical analysis.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1989

[Extreme hyperphosphatemia with hypocalcemia within the scope of cell lysis syndrome in a child with T-ALL].

In a 10 3/4-year-old girl suffering from a T-ALL with an extremely high leukocyte blood cell count (400,000/microliters) we observed a tumor-lysis syndrome with hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia accompanied by clinical signs of tetany. The therapeutic application of calcium gluconate resulted in vascular calcification by exceeding by far the calcium-phosphate solubility product. The fast lysis of T-lymphoblasts with their high phosphate concentration is etiologically involved in the hyperphosphatemia. Our patient died of multiorganic failure. Regular monitoring of phosphate in urine might be helpful in instituting early therapeutic procedures.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2001

[Analysis of factors affecting the results of assisted reproduction using a system for information mining of the SHLUK database].

OBJECTIVE: To retrospective explorating computer analysis of data about therapeutic cycles in assisted reproduction technology (ART) to confirm applicability of system for data mining SHLUK in partial analysis of fertilisation phase of therapeutic cycle. Relations between parameters of sperm count analysis and outcome of in vitro fertilisation were analyzed. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: 1st Depart of Obstet. and Gynaecol., Masaryk University, Brno; FEI, VSB, Ostrava. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Conditions of successful therapy in single phases of ART therapeutic cycles, were analysed using system SHLUK, which included a lot of methods for data mining. Analysis of relation between reasons and results in ART therapeutic cycles was done through method IMPL and method of group implication GRIMPL. Analysed file included data about 8516 therapeutic cycles ART in 4470 patients and data about 666 clinical pregnancies stored in electronical form in clinical data register. The model analysis of fertilisation tested relations between parameters of sperm analysis and outcome of in vitro fertilisation. Fertilisation rate (FR)--ratio of fertilized oocytes/obtained oocytes was evaluated as fertilisation stage outcome. RESULTS: Significantly higher FR--60.9% was in the group with sperm concentration before preparation 41-60 mil/ml. When sperm concentration before preparation was under 10 mil/ml--FR was significantly lower--42.2%. Motility of sperm before preparation under 10%--FR was significantly lower--45.3%. Motility of sperm before preparation 41-50%--FR was significantly higher--56.9%. Significantly higher FR--minimal 56.0% was in group of examinations with sperm after preparation was 41-90%, then FR was significantly higher--53.5%. In sperm survival test, where more than 30% of sperm survive 24 hours of cocultivation with oocytes FR was significantly higher--minimal 55.9%. CONCLUSION: Applicability of system for data mining SHLUK in the analysis of factors with influence on assisted reproduction outcome was proved. System for data mining SHLUK makes possible to define statistically significant relations between attributes of fertilisation stage of ART cycles and it is able to postulate basic hypothesis about existing reasons and results in therapeutic cycles of ART.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An in vitro evaluation of radiation effects of different fractionated regimens by absolute cell count beads.

Recently, whole-body gamma-knife as a kind of radiotherapy equipment, characterized by precision of targeting irradiation, was applied in clinic. However, there is no conventional treatment regimen suitable for application to whole-body gamma-knife as yet. For providing reference to clinic to determine and optimize the treatment regimens for whole-body gamma-knife, a simple and quick bivariate flow cytometric approach was adopted to evaluate the killing effects of differently fractionated regimens of whole-body gamma-knife radiotherapy on the same cells, in which Annexin V-FITC (fluorescein-isothiocyanate) was used for discriminating apoptotic cells, propidium iodide (PI) for necrotic or dead cells and absolute cell count beads for absolute count of remnant surviving cells to examine the absolute killing effect. The results showed that the different survival rates of the same cells treated with different multifractionated irradiation regimens, relevant to clinical trial, might be sensitively, easily and rapidly evaluated by this approach. The evaluation of absolute killing effect, which is important to clinic, is very difficult to realize by a conventional clonogenic assay. For the approach adopted in the experiments, the cells in the treatment courses were not affected by non-treatment factors, such as cell migration, detachment, reattachment, bystander effect and medium factors encountered in a conventional clonogenic assay, and the conditions were more relevantly similar to cells in vivo. This approach might be used as a rapid cell survival assay especially in evaluating the absolute killing effect of a multifractionated treatment regimen, and also applied in the assessment in cytotoxic killing effect, such as chemotherapy.

Annexin A5↗