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At least 1,603 records · Page 89Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Primary fibrosarcoma of the scalp: a review of a ten-year record from Lagos, Nigeria.

Primary fibrosarcoma of the scalp is very rare and, although the tumour is slow growing, it often results in major cosmetic and other problems. Repeated surgical excisions for recurrent disease are often necessary. We report our experience of the management of this rare tumour at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: a national referral centre for malignant tumours requiring radiotherapy. Five patients were seen over a 10-year period. An 80% recurrence-free interval was obtained at 2 years with surgery and radiotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced changes in EEG and responses recorded from the scalp of healthy humans.

We determined the changes and responses in the electroencephalogram (EEG) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the scalp of five healthy men. The center of a circular coil was positioned at the vertex, and 80 stimulations were administered clockwise with the maximum output of electric current. To reduce stimulus artifacts, we created a circuit that blocked the input for 150 ms after stimulation. EEGs were recorded from F3,4, C3,4, P3,4, and T3,4. The following results were obtained: (1) slowing of the EEG was observed immediately (150 m) after each stimulation. The incidence of changes ranged from 25-80%; their duration ranged from 200-600 ms. (2). Electroencephalographic responses in the averaged form appeared as gentle positive waves. In some subjects and leads, 1 to 3 negative peaks were fused. The methods used in the present study may be useful in evaluating the sensitivity to TMS of patients with stroke and other types of brain injury.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Seizure prediction using scalp electroencephalogram.

Using a measure of nonlinear dynamical changes we term marginal predictability, we report evidence of robust changes in this parameter on scalp EEG in a cohort of patients with medically refractory mesiobasal temporal lobe epilepsy (MBTLE). In the baseline (interictal) state there are distinct differences in this nonlinear measure between epileptic and neurologically normal subjects. At baseline, in patients with MBTLE there are differences in these measures between electrodes adjacent to the ictal onset zone and more remotely placed electrodes. The character of these differences evolves over a period of approximately 30 min before a seizure. We discuss and integrate our findings with two emerging concepts in epileptology, first, the concept of a preictal or transition phase rather than an abrupt movement from interictal to ictal activity, and second, the notion of an epileptic neural network with changes in areas of brain remote from what has traditionally been considered the ictal onset zone influencing "ictogenesis."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Multicentric giant pigmented nevi of the scalp with local invasion of the cranium and dura mater.

A giant pigmented nevus grew rapidly as several discrete tumors at different locations in the scalp of a 5-mo-old child. One tumor located beneath the skin in the occipital calvarium invaded bone and dura mater. Five years after the excision of the larger tumors, the child was asymptomatic having no further evidence of recurrence or continued growth of the neoplasma. In view of the propensity for giant pigmented nevi to concomitantly involve the central nervous system (leptomeningeal melanocytosis) and to rarely give rise to melanomas, this case is reported as demonstrating the subsequent benign behavior of a tumor that at first presented alarming growth, suggesting malignancy.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

A nursery outbreak caused by Serratia marcescens--scalp-vein needles as a portal of entry.

Serratia marcescens rarely causes infections in newborn infants. We recently studied an epidemic caused by a multiply-resistant, serotype 014:H12 Serratia marcescens that involved 42 infants. Cutaneous abscesses at previous intravenous infusion sites occurred nine times, usually required surgical drainage, and were the most striking infections during the outbreak. Six infants developed Serratia bacteremia and two died with Serratia meningitis; 34 patients were colonized with Serratia but remained uninfected. An epidemiologic investigation of the 83 infants at risk in the nursery assessed factors predisposing them to colonization or infection with the epidemic organism. Colonization of the throat, umbilicus, gastrointestinal tract, or skin was frequent among infants as was carriage of Serratia on nursey employees' hands. Infected and colonized infants were the most important reservoir for Serratia in the nursery and cross-infection between infants readily occurred. Scalp-vein needles appeared to provide a portal of entry of Serratia in colonized infants, predisposing them to abscess formation and bacteremia.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1988

Trichloroacetic acid chemexfoliation (chemical peel) for extensive premalignant actinic damage of the face and scalp.

Trichloroacetic acid chemexfoliation is an effective, versatile, and safe therapeutic option for patients with extensive actinic keratoses of the face and scalp. With an experienced and skilled operator, the associated complications are rare and tend to be mild. Cosmetically, the patient not only benefits from removal of the erythematous, scaly actinic keratoses but also obtains cosmetically pleasing rejuvenation of facial skin and diminution of fine facial wrinkles. Two representative cases are presented. In comparison with other available treatment modalities, trichloroacetic acid chemexfoliation involves a shorter treatment period and wound healing time and is not dependent on patient compliance.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

The safety of fetal pulse oximetry in parturients requiring fetal scalp blood sampling.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether maternal or fetal morbidity is increased in association with fetal pulse oximetry monitoring using an atraumatic intrapartum transcervical fetal oxisensor. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study from January 1993 to June 1996, 196 fetuses were monitored during the intrapartum period with a fetal oximetry sensor placed between the uterine wall and the presenting fetal part. The oxisensors were in position for a median duration of 134 minutes. A total of 101 monitored fetuses underwent intrapartum fetal scalp blood sampling because of nonreassuring heart rate tracings. For a control group, we selected all cases during the same period in which fetal blood sampling was performed in the intrapartum period (n = 949) without pulse oximetry monitoring. Data for maternal and fetal morbidity were evaluated and tested for significant differences by the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in gestational age, birth weight, duration of labor, fetal outcome parameters, cesarean rate, operative vaginal deliveries, episiotomy rate, or perineal injuries between the study and control groups. Similarly, the percentages of neonatal intensive care unit admissions, neonatal resuscitations, and neonatal infections were not statistically different in the two groups. A rare complication in the group with pulse oximetry monitoring was a transient impression of the oxisensor probe on the fetal cheek. The rates of postpartum maternal infections, anemia, or secondary wound disruptions were identical in both groups. CONCLUSION: There was no increased fetal or maternal morbidity associated with the use of an atraumatic intrapartum fetal pulse oxisensor.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Occupational exposure amongst locomotive shed workers and welders using neutron activation analysis of scalp hair.

Elemental analysis of scalp hair of locomotive shed workers and industrial welders was used to study occupational exposure. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used for the determination of 17 elements, Ba, Br, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mn, Na, P, Sb, Sc, Se, Th and Zn. Most elements show normal distribution at 95% confidence level. Further statistical significance was tested by correlation coefficient and regression coefficients (r2). Comparison of mean elemental contents of the subjects with controls shows a significant enhancement of Ca, Cr, Fe, Co, Na, Sc and Th, but declining trends for Br, Cu, P, Sb and Zn in locomotive shed workers. In the case of welders: Ba, Co, Cu, K, Mn, Sc and Sb show enhancement whereas Br, Cr, Hg, Se, Th and Zn exhibit depletion. Elemental contents have been correlated with possible sources of origin. Comparison of mean elemental data for the present population around Nagpur city matches well with the reported data for Bombay and Delhi. Comparative data from other countries are also presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Uptake of calcium and magnesium by human scalp hair from waters of different geographic locations.

The uptake of Ca2+ and Mg2+ by human scalp hair from waters of 24 different locations throughout the world was determined. The uptake was found to vary markedly depending on the initial total hardness and pH of the water. Water of high initial total hardness and/or high initial pH were found, in general, to result in more hair adsorption of these alkaline earth cations. When hair is washed with these differing waters, varying effects are then found in the eventual coiffure.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1993

Inferring regional brain activity from evoked potential fields on the scalp.

A new method is described to calculate epicortical potential fields from scalp fields based on linear algebra. It requires detailed anatomical information, for each subject, obtained from MR images. The calculation is validated in a physical model of the human head and applied to human subjects. The results suggest that the method yields reliable epicortical fields that help to localize evoked cortical activity in humans.

Brain↗
PubMed1998

Sinusitis-associated epidural abscess presenting as posterior scalp abscess--a case report.

Complications of paranasal sinusitis constitute true surgical and medical emergencies. These complications appear to be more prevalent and seem to present in a more fulminant manner in the pediatric age group. The most common complication of paranasal sinusitis is orbital cellulitis followed collectively by all the intracranial complications. These include meningitis, subdural empyema, intracerebral abscess, epidural abscess and rarely cavernous or superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. We report the case of a 7-year old boy who presented with posterior scalp cellulitis and abscess as a complication of minimally symptomatic paranasal sinusitis. A combined neurosurgical and otolaryngologic approach was required to treat a unilateral ethmoid and frontal sinusitis associated with an epidural abscess abutting the length of the superior sagittal sinus and a posterior subgaleal abscess. The pertinent anatomy allowing for the development of this disease process is discussed. The danger of neurologic sequellae resulting from thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus is emphasized. Aggressive treatment utilizing a multi-disciplinary surgical approach as well as broad spectrum antibiotics is paramount to obtain the best chance for a full recovery.

Abscess↗
PubMed2000

Advice on hair and scalp care during cranial radiotherapy: a prospective randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: The advice on hair washing during brain irradiation is aimed at minimizing radiation induced skin toxicity. We performed a prospective randomized trial to assess the effect of advice on scalp care on the local skin reaction in patients undergoing cranial radiotherapy. METHODS: One hundred and nine patients undergoing cranial radiotherapy were randomized into two groups. Patients in group 1 were advised not to wash hair during treatment and patients in group 2 to maintain normal pattern of hair washing. They were assessed weekly over a period of 10 weeks from the start of treatment. Symptoms of pain and itching were recorded using a modified RTOG/EORTC acute skin reaction scoring system and skin reaction was assessed clinically using erythema/desquamation score. The frequency of hair washing and the distress of changing the practice of normal hygiene were recorded on a diary card. Skin reaction scores were compared as a summary measure using area under the curve per week (AUC/week) and median scores, and the differences between groups were assessed by means of the t-test. RESULTS: One hundred and nine patients commencing cranial radiotherapy according to standard protocol were randomized into the trial (group 1, 55 patients; group 2, 54 patients). Patients asked to restrict hair washing, washed at a lower average frequency. There were no significant differences between scores of skin reaction in the two groups for each of the variables measured. CONCLUSIONS: The practice of normal hair washing is not associated with increased severity of adverse skin reaction. As a request to change the pattern of normal hygiene may cause distress, the current advice should be to maintain normal hair washing during cranial radiotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Propagation of repetitive alpha waves over the scalp in relation to subjective preferences for a flickering light.

Paired-comparison tests were performed to examine subjective preferences for a flickering light. Electroencephalograms were then recorded from seven electrodes (10-20 system) during presentations of the most and least preferred flickering-light conditions. As a way of investigating the flow of alpha waves on the scalp over both the left and right hemispheres in relation to subjective preference, the alpha waves were analyzed by means of the cross-correlation function (CCF). The maximum value of the CCF, /phi(tau)/(max), between the alpha waves measured at different electrodes and its delay time, tau(m), were analyzed. Results show that the most preferred flickering light has a significant larger /phi(tau)/(max) than the least preferred flickering light, and that /phi(tau)/(max) decreases with increasing distance between comparison (O(1) or O(2)) and test electrodes. On the other hand, the delay time of the maximum value of the CCF, tau(m), increases with the distance between comparison and test electrodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Presurgical functional localization of primary somatosensory cortex by dipole tracing method of scalp-skull-brain head model applied to somatosensory evoked potential.

The aim of the present study was to explore the utility of dipole tracing (DT) of a scalp-skull-brain (SSB) head model in preoperative functional localization of the human brain. Nine patients who underwent surgery of mass lesions around the central sulcus (CS) were employed. By using SSB/DT, dipole source location of early cortical components of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) was estimated before surgery. Motor cortex, CS and primary somatosensory cortex were determined by cortical SEP during surgery. After surgery precise functional mapping was reproduced in MRI, and the accuracy of DT was evaluated by measuring the distance between estimated dipole source and the posterior bank of the CS. We defined this distance as localization error of DT. In 4 cases without structural change around the sensorimotor cortex, localization error ranged from 1 to 4 mm with an average of 2 mm. In 5 cases with structural alteration of sensorimotor cortex, localization error ranged from 6 to 10 mm with an average of 8 mm. The difference in localization error between the two groups was statistically significant, and may have been caused by changes of conductance near sensorimotor cortex in the latter group. Functional localization by DT was accurate and useful. But localization error could not be ignored in cases with structural alteration in the sensorimotor cortex.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Squamous cell carcinoma arising in dissecting perifolliculitis of the scalp. A case report and review of secondary squamous cell carcinomas.

Squamous cell carcinomas have been reported to arise within acne conglobata and hidradenitis suppurativa. A case report of a secondary squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) arising in the third member of the follicular occlusion triad, dissecting perifolliculitis of the scalp (Hoffman's disease, perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens) is presented. The fatal outcome of this case and a review of the literature emphasize the biologic aggressiveness of SSCCs arising in chronic inflammatory lesions or scars (Marjolin's ulcers). Compared to squamous cell carcinomas arising in actinic keratoses, the metastasis rate of these carcinomas arising in chronic inflammatory lesions is so high that early and aggressive therapy appear indicated.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1994

Second-intention healing of exposed facial-scalp bone after Mohs surgery for skin cancer: review of ninety-one cases.

BACKGROUND: Second-intention healing over exposed bone is considered by some to be subject to the complications of pain, infection, and nonhealing. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine would healing by second intention over exposed scalp or facial bone after Mohs micrographic surgery for skin cancer. METHODS: The chart records of all patients treated between 1981 and 1992 for skin cancer that resulted in exposed bone were identified. RESULTS: There were 115 wounds in 91 patients that were managed by second-intention healing, or partial closure, or both. Three cases of soft tissue infection occurred adjacent to nasal and sinus areas. The overall complication rate was 5.4% (6 of 112 cases) and consisted of localized soft tissue infections (2.7%) and poor wound healing (2.7%). There were no cases of osteomyelitis. Second-intention wound healing was successful in 95% of the wounds. CONCLUSION: The outpatient management of exposed bone after Mohs surgery is relatively safe. Relative risk factors for development of complications include (1) a history of previous x-radiation treatment for skin cancer, (2) manipulation of the operative site, and (3) an open defect located near the nose or exposed sinus cavity.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Utilization of fetal scalp pH and direct fetal electrocardiogram in the intrapartum management of congenital complete heart block in an adolescent primigravida.

This case report documents the antepartum detection of congenital complete heart block in the fetus of an adolescent primigravida. Management utilizing direct fetal electrocardiogram and fetal scalp sampling is discussed. The report illustrates the appropriate management of a fetus in utero with congenital complete heart block and suggests procedures to be taken prior to delivery in the expectant management of a neonate with a congenital conduction defect.

Adolescent↗