Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ROENTGENOGRAMS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,603 records · Page 89Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

Transvenous cardiac pacing. Technics for optimal electrode positioning and prevention of coronary sinus placement.

Optimal electrode position for long-term transvenous cardiac pacing is in the apex of the right ventricle. Intracardiac electrograms, surface electrocardiograms, frontal fluoroscopy, lateral roentgenograms, and pacing threshold levels were studied in two groups of patients: One group was comprised of five patients with permanent pacemakers who had inadvertent malplacement of the pacing catheter, and the second group was composed of six patients undergoing temporary pacing from selected sites within the coronary venous system. The results of this study indicate that the appearance of a characteristic right ventricular endocardial complex recorded from the catheter tip is the most reliable guide to proper electrode placement. Low threshold levels, good position demonstrated roentgenographically, and typical surface electrocardiographic patterns of left bundle-branch block were all noted during intentional and following inadvertent malpositioning of the electrode within the coronary venous system and do not, therefore, guarantee proper positioning. A successful routine for pacemaker insertion has been established which includes fluoroscopy, lateral roentgenograms, intracardiac and surface electrocardiograms, and threshold analysis. Satisfaction of all these tests appears to insure proper electrode positioning.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Increased alveolar plasminogen activator in early asbestosis.

Alveolar macrophage-derived plasminogen activator (PA) activity is decreased in some chronic interstitial lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis but increased in experimental models of acute alveolitis. Although asbestos fibers can stimulate alveolar macrophages (AM) to release PA in vitro, the effect of chronic asbestos exposure of the lower respiratory tract on lung PA activity remains unknown. The present study was designed to evaluate PA activity of alveolar macrophages and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in asbestos-exposed sheep and asbestos workers. Forty-three sheep were exposed to either 100 mg UICC chrysotile B asbestos in 100 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or to 100 ml PBS by tracheal infusion every 2 wk for 18 months. At Month 18, chest roentgenograms were analyzed and alveolar macrophage and extracellular fluid PA activity were measured in samples obtained by BAL. Alveolar macrophage PA activity was increased in the asbestos-exposed sheep compared to control sheep (87.2 +/- 17.3 versus 41.1 +/- 7.2 U/10(5) AM-24 h, p less than 0.05) as was the BAL fluid PA activity (674.9 +/- 168.4 versus 81.3 +/- 19.7 U/mg alb-24 h, p less than 0.01). Among the asbestos-exposed sheep, 10 had normal chest roentgenograms (Group SA) and 15 had irregular interstitial opacities (Group SB). Strikingly, whereas Group SA did not differ from the control group in BAL cellularity or PA activity, Group SB had marked increases in alveolar macrophages (p less than 0.005), AM PA activity (p less than 0.02), and BAL PA activity (p less than 0.001) compared to the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The use of sputum cultures in the evaluation of immigrants classified as tuberculosis suspects.

Because of possible deficiencies in the evaluation, based on symptoms and chest roentgenogram review, of new immigrants classified during the visa application process as tuberculosis suspects, a prospective (cohort) and a retrospective (case control) study were done to test the usefulness of routinely obtaining sputum specimens for culture in that setting. In the prospective study, 249 consecutive classified immigrants who were considered on the basis of clinical and roentgenographic findings to have nonprogressive tuberculosis submitted at least two sputums for culture: 13 (5.2%) had at least one culture positive for M. tuberculosis. Immigrants younger than 50 yr of age and refugees from Kampuchea and Laos had a fivefold to tenfold elevated risk of having a positive sputum culture. The cost per case detected of obtaining and processing sputum cultures was estimated to be +1,996 to +2,994. In the case-control study, 37 classified immigrants evaluated from 1981 through 1986 who had sputum cultures positive for M. tuberculosis even though they fulfilled clinical and roentgenographic criteria for nonprogressive tuberculosis served as control subjects. Several demographic, clinical, and roentgenographic factors were associated with an increased risk of being culture-positive: age younger than 50 yr, a positive tuberculin test, report of a cough, and a cavitary lesion on chest roentgenogram. The history of prior receipt of antituberculosis drugs was associated with having a negative culture, including a marked dose-response effect.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed1989

Predictive value of bronchoalveolar lavage cells and serum precipitins in asymptomatic dairy farmers.

In 1981 to 1982, we reported that many (19/43) asymptomatic dairy farmers, especially those with positive serum precipitins, had a lymphocytic alveolitis. We reevaluated, six and seven years later, 33 of the initial 43 farmers to verify their outcome. The restudied group included 31 men and 2 women between 24 and 67 years of age. In both studies, 24 were nonsmokers and 9 were exsmokers. Each farmer answered a questionnaire, had a physical examination, blood withdrawal for precipitin analysis, a chest roentgenogram, and pulmonary function tests (forced expiratory flows and diffusion capacity). At restudy, one subject had developed symptoms suggestive of sub-acute farmer's lung and now had inspiratory crackles; six had chronic morning cough and sputum production. Serum precipitins were positive in 10 subjects, whereas 16 had been positive at the initial study. Precipitins reverted from positive to negative in eight subjects and from negative to positive in six. Chest roentgenograms were normal in 23 subjects, while discrete interstitial abnormalities were noted in nine. One subject had significant pulmonary infiltrates. Results of current pulmonary function tests were (% predicted, mean +/- SEM) DL(CO) 114.8 +/- 3.0, FEV1 108.1 +/- 2.4, FVC 105.4 +/- 1.1. No correlations were found between these data and the lymphocytes or mast cells found in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at the initial study of 1981 and 1982. We conclude that bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts of asymptomatic farmers have no long-term clinical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis.

The risk factors and clinical and laboratory parameters in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis have not been well characterized. We undertook a retrospective chart review of all patients with a diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis and P. carinii pneumonia who were followed at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. The chart review focused on clinical, laboratory, and roentgenologic evidence of P. carinii pneumonia. Eleven cases of P. carinii pneumonia were diagnosed in some 180 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, for an overall incidence of approximately 6%. All patients developed P. carinii pneumonia either during the initial course of treatment or during therapy for recurrent Wegener's granulomatosis. All patients were receiving daily glucocorticoids and a second immunosuppressive therapy. Lymphocytopenia was noted in all patients, with a mean +/- SEM total lymphocyte count of 303 +/- 69 cells/microL. All patients tested (10 of 11) were seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Eight presented with worsening chest roentgenograms compared with baseline, whereas three presented with normal chest roentgenograms. We conclude that P. carinii is a common opportunistic pathogen in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Therapeutic immunosuppression (daily glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents) and the resultant lymphocytopenia, as well as the lymphocyte and monocyte functional abnormalities caused by glucocorticoids, may be the most likely factors predisposing to P. carinii pneumonia in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Based on our data, all patients with Wegener's granulomatosis should be given chemoprophylaxis against P. carinii while they are receiving daily glucocorticoids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1975

The philadelphia pulmonary neoplasm research project. Thwarting factors in periodic screening for lung cancer.

This report describes the problems of the Philadelphia Pulmonary Neoplasms Research Project, begun in 1951, when 6,027 male volunteers 45 years of age and older were enrolled in a study designed to screen them every 6 months for 10 years with questionnaires and chest photofluorograms. These volunteers tended to be slightly younger and to include fewer nonwhites that the corresponding Philadelphia population. The volunteers included more smokers than older American urban men in general, but among smokers the distribution by smoking habits was similar. The average probability of having 2 consecutive semiannual screening examinations was 57 per cent. The risk of lung cancer was higher among noncompliant men than among compliant ones. During the 10-year period of observation, 121 men developed lung cancer; only 8 per cent survived 5 years. Aside from the screening method, the factors that thwarted early detection and surgery among the men with lung cancer were (1) the interval between a negative roentgenogram and detection of cancer, which exceeded 6 months in 45 per cent; (2) an interval of 6 months or less between a negative roentgenogram and detection of cancer in 20 per cent, with a delay of 3 months or more before appropriate action was taken; (3) advanced age (70+ years) in 25 per cent at the time of detection of cancer; (4) nonmalignant disease contraindicating surgery in 31 per cent. One or more of these factors was present in 84 per cent of the men with lung cancer, leaving only a small segment for whom improvements in the screening method would be expected to be of value.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Apparent diminution of the blastomycin skin test; follow-up of an epidemic of blastomycosis.

Eighteen persons involved in an epidemic of blastomycosis were followed for a period of 3 years. None of the symptomatic patients received antifungal therapy and all recovered spontaneously. During the period of follow-up observation all patients remained in excellent health, and none showed evidence of late exacerbation of the original illness. Two of the originally symptomatic patients continue to show stable pulmonary nodules on chest roentgenograms, whereas the previously abnormal chest roentgenograms in the other patients have become negative. Sixteen of these 18 patients showed a minimum of 5 mm of induration when tested with blastomycin skin test antigen. During the period of observation, the size of this induration tended to diminish.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1978

alpha1-Antitrypsin deficiency in nonsmokers.

The clinical symptoms, measurements of pulmonary function, and interpretations of thoracic roentgenograms in 18 patients with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency associated with the PiZ phenotype are reported. The patients had never smoked and had little or no exposure to occupational and urban air pollution. The findings were compared with those in a group of patients who also had the PiZ phenotype, but who were smokers. The results showed that the clinical course, rate of pulmonary-function deterioration, and appearance of the thoracic roentgenograms in persons who had never smoked are variable and suggested that other factors, in addition to phenotype and environmental pollutants, are determinants of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that develops in these patients. Many of these patients lived into their sixth and seventh decades, suggesting that those patients who avoid respiratory irritants do not necessarily have an ominous prognosis. These are important considerations in the diagnosis and treatment of patients who have this deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Sarcoidosis of anterior mediastinal nodes, pancreas, and uterine cervix: three unusual sites in the same patient.

Sarcoidosis rarely involves anterior mediastinal nodes, pancreas, or uterine cervix. A 47-yr-old woman with sarcoidosis was found to have enlargement of the anterior mediastinal lymph nodes with "eggshell" calcifications on a lateral chest roentgenogram. This finding was confirmed by lateral tomography and thoracic computerized tomography. A review of 100 lateral chest roentgenograms of patients with documented sarcoidosis failed to reveal other examples of anterior mediastinal node enlargement. At laparotomy for total abdominal hysterectomy, a mass in the head of the pancreas and diffuse, nodular enlargement of this organ was found. A pathologic study of the pancreas and uterine endocervix demonstrated noncaseating granulomas. Sarcoidosis in these 3 unusual sites is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Patterns of pulmonary perfusion scans in normal subjects. III. The prevalence of abnormal scans in nonsmokers 30 to 49 years of age.

The prevalence of abnormal pulmonary perfusion (Q) scans in persons without cardiopulmonary disease has not been well defined; this prevalence could impact on the current diagnostic approach to those in whom pulmonary embolic disease is suspected. In prior studies, we found that Q scan defects, particularly lobar or segmental defects, are rarely present in normal young smokers and nonsmokers. To determine if normal nonsmokers of an older age group have a higher prevalence of Q defects, we performed 6-view Q scans in 40 subjects 32 to 49 yr of age who had no known cardiopulmonary disease. Each subject had undergone a history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, spirometry, and posteroanterior chest roentgenogram prior to scanning. All Q scans were interpreted blindly and independently by 2 experienced readers. No subject demonstrated a lobar or segmental defect on 2 views. One subject with scoliosis had a subsegmental defect corresponding to a prominent aortic arch on the chest roentgenogram. We conclude that abnormal Q scans are extremely uncommon among normal nonsmokers 30 to 49 yr of age.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Correlation between gallium lung scans and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with suspected Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

We retrospectively examined the sensitivity and specificity of gallium lung scans for detecting Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 22 patients with known or suspected acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Correlations were made between bronchoscopic results and gallium scan findings interpreted using a simple system (normal or abnormal) and a graded score (1 to 4). All 12 patients with Pneumocystis had abnormal scans by both interpretations (sensitivity, 100%). Five of these 12 patients had normal arterial PO2 values, chest roentgenograms, or both. In the 10 patients without Pneumocystis, scans were read as abnormal in 8 using the simple system (specificity, 20%) but were abnormal in only 1 using the grading system (specificity, 90%). Five patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia had scans and bronchoscopy after treatment; neither method of interpretation correlated with the presence of organisms. We conclude: (1) gallium scanning is a sensitive initial diagnostic test in patients with suspected Pneumocystis pneumonia; (2) a graded scoring system improves specificity; (3) an abnormal gallium scan (3 or greater) in patients with suspected Pneumocystis pneumonia is an indication for biopsy, even when the PO2 and/or chest roentgenogram are normal.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Clinical features of a population-based series of patients with lung cancer presenting with a solitary nodule.

We assessed survival in a population-based series of patients with lung cancer presenting with a solitary nodule. Using a population-based cancer registry, we identified 674 incident lung cancer cases in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, from 1977 to 1981. Both clinical information and chest roentgenograms were reviewed to identify 83 solitary nodule cases and 479 nonsolitary nodule cases. Chest roentgenograms were unavailable for 112. There were 83 patients with solitary nodules (55 men and 28 women), and adenocarcinoma was the predominant cell type. Overall, 5-yr survival was significantly greater for the patients with solitary nodules (24%) than for those with nonsolitary nodules (8%) (p less than 0.001). Of the 41 patients with solitary nodules who had surgery and Stage I disease, 49% lived 5 yr. In contrast, none of the 39 who did not have surgery lived longer than 2 yr. Our results imply that the varying survival described in previous series of patients with solitary nodules reflects different patient selection criteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Tuberculosis in physicians. Compliance with preventive measures.

Compliance with public health recommendations for tuberculosis control was evaluated by a survey of 4,417 physicians who had not contracted tuberculosis during medical school nor during the 4 decades after graduation through 1981. Thirty-one percent of the cohort had been vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and 47% considered themselves tuberculin-positive. Thirty-two percent of 1,088 physicians who graduated after 1974 had been exposed to 3 or more patients with infectious tuberculosis in the previous year. Fifty-eight percent of 738 unimmunized, tuberculin-negative physicians who had been exposed to one or more patients with infectious tuberculosis in the previous year had tuberculin tests every 1 to 2 yr. Forty-nine percent of 597 unimmunized tuberculin reactors with similar occupational exposure had chest roentgenograms every 1 to 2 yr. The BCG-vaccinated physicians were less likely to have frequent tuberculin tests but no different frequency of chest roentgenograms. Eight percent of 1,460 unimmunized tuberculin reactors received isoniazid chemoprophylaxis, including 39% of 128 tuberculin reactors who graduated after 1974 (the majority of the latter were younger than 35 yr of age). Of 66 physicians who had active tuberculosis during medical school or after graduation, 20 (30%) had not received any antituberculosis chemotherapy, whereas 2 of 46 who did, received chemotherapy only after a second episode of tuberculosis. In summary, our study documents poor compliance by physicians with recommended policies for the prevention of tuberculosis in health care workers.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1984

Problems in the clinical and roentgenographic diagnosis of pneumonia in young children.

The difficulty of diagnosing pneumonia by chest x-ray in children less than 4 years of age was studied by comparing the chest roentgenograms of 34 healthy children with the chest roentgenograms of 34 children previously diagnosed as having pneumonia. Review of these films without knowledge of the previous interpretation and without clinical information disclosed variations regarding the roentgenographic confirmation of pneumonia in 24 percent of the cases and variations regarding the location of the lesion in about 50 percent of the cases.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1982

[Teleradiography and tomography in the search for pulmonary metastases in 132 cases of soft tissue and bone neoplasms].

In recent years whole lung tomography (WLT) has been considered mandatory in the staging of some neoplastic diseases, particularly of soft tissues and bone tumors. Since WLT is an exacting roentgen examination, its usefulness was evaluated by analysing 132 consecutive patients submitted to orthogonal chest roentgenograms and WLT, from January 1979 to October 1981 at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. A comparison between WLT and traditional chest X-ray examination was performed in order to evaluate how much tomography is significantly useful in improving diagnosis of lung metastases. From this analysis, the authors conclude that WLT is generally unnecessary when chest roentgenograms are negative, whereas it is useful when single or multiple lung metastases are already evident by traditional X-ray examination. In these cases WLT allows a more accurate identification of the metastases from the point of view of their number and site, which is important not only for the treatment choice but also for the check of its effectiveness.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Operative treatment of posterior shoulder dislocations by posterior glenoidplasty, capsulorrhaphy, and infraspinatus advancement.

Posterior dislocations of the shoulder are rare, comprising only 4% of shoulder dislocations. Several operative procedures have been described in treating recurrent dislocations, and results have been varied. A retrospective review of eight shoulders in eight patients treated by posterior glenoidplasty with capsulorrhaphy and infraspinatus advancement revealed generally good results. Followup ranged from 10 to 114 months, with an average of 36 months. Seven patients were classified as recurrent traumatic dislocators and one as a recurrent atraumatic voluntary dislocator. Results graded as good, fair, and failure were based on pain, range of motion, return to activities, recurrence, and roentgenograms. Six patients had good results with return to full activity, full range of motion, no pain, no recurrence, and no degenerative changes of roentgenograms. One patient, who has not returned to athletic activities and has occasional pain and limited range of motion, was graded as a fair result. The patient classified as an atraumatic voluntary dislocator has occasional feelings of instability and slight pain with strenuous activity, but has not had a recurrence and has no difficulty with activities of daily living. She was also classified as a fair result. There have been no recurrences or degenerative changes on followup radiographs. Computerized tomography performed on two patients documented a definite change in orientation of the glenoid. We feel that glenoidplasty with capsular reefing and infraspinatus advancement, if performed carefully, provides an excellent operative treatment for recurrent posterior dislocations of the shoulder.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The importance of the meniscus in unstable knees. A comparative study.

This study analyzes differences in knee function in ACL deficient knees with different meniscus status. Eighty patients, 12 women and 68 men, were matched in four groups according to sex, age, knee injuries, and follow-up time. Group I had two intact menisci; Group II, one meniscus successfully repaired; Group III, one meniscus removed; and Group IV, both menisci removed. The ACL was repaired acutely or reconstructed later in most cases and other significant ligament injuries were treated. All patients were reexamined clinically 6 to 8 years after injury. Knee function was recorded using the Lysholm knee function score. Activity level before injury and at followup was rated with the Tegner scale. Stability was tested and weightbearing roentgenograms were taken. There was a higher frequency of ACL reconstructions in Groups I and II, but instability was the same in all groups. No difference was found in Lysholm score (range, 86 to 92). The activity level was higher in Group IV at followup. A lower frequency of motion impairment was found in Group III, (20% versus 50%). Subjective evaluation was similar and positive in all groups. Group I had six meniscus ruptures during the follow-up period. In Group II three of the repaired menisci were removed, as were two of the contralateral menisci in Group III. Roentgenograms, available in 55 of 80 cases, showed osteoarthritis in 65%. There were no differences in the frequency of osteoarthritis among the first three groups, but Group IV had a higher incidence of osteoarthritic changes. Osteoarthritis did not result in lower knee function, poorer subjective evaluation, or increased impairment of motion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antegrade curettement, bone grafting and pinning of osteochondritis dissecans in the skeletally mature knee.

In the period between 1981 and 1983, we treated 40 patients who had osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. Seventeen patients were skeletally mature and had large lesions (2 to 3 cm in diameter) of the medial femoral condyle that required surgery. Each of these patients, who underwent antegrade curettement, bone grafting, and pinning, had either failed a conservative program or had a loose or separated fragment. The average age at the time of surgery was 17. Followup ranged from 5 to 7 years. Postoperative evaluation included the criteria of the Hughston et al. rating scale, subjective assessment, clinical examination, and AP, lateral, and tunnel radiographs. According to the osteochondritis dissecans rating scale described by Hughston et al., there were two excellent, nine good, five fair, no poor results, and one failure. Additional evaluation, not included in the Hughston rating scale, consisted of Cybex II muscle strength testing, strict grading of preoperative and postoperative roentgenograms for degenerative changes, and magnetic resonance imaging. Roentgenograms demonstrated that 16 of the 17 lesions healed. The average healing time was 8 months. Preoperative degenerative changes occurred frequently; postoperatively, there was some progression of these changes in the majority of cases. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that the articular surface was smooth in 57% of the knees and in 43% there was some degree of irregularity. Although the integrity of the articular cartilage could be documented, magnetic resonance imaging is of questionable value in the postoperative evaluation of this condition, because the status of the articular cartilage could not be correlated with the degree of degenerative changes or results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗