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At least 1,603 records · Page 89Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Quantitative variation in natural populations.

Quantitative variation is considered in natural populations using Drosophila as the example. A knowledge of such variation enables its rapid exploitation in directional selection experiments as shown for scutellar chaeta number. Where evidence has been obtained, genetic architectures are in qualitative agreement with Mather's concept of balance for traits under stabilizing selection. Additive genetic control is found for acute environmental stresses, but not for less acute stresses as shown by exposure to 60Co-gamma rays. D. simulans probably has a narrower ecological niche than its sibling species D. melanogaster associated with lower genetic heterogeneity. One specific environmental stress to which D. simulans is sensitive in nature is ethyl alcohol as shown by winery data.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1996

[Aerospace radiobiology: 35 years (1960-1995)].

The paper gives a brief history of the birth and development of aerospace radiobiology at the Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine. It covers from the first radiobiological investigations in space to the insurance of radiation safety for helicopter air crews who took part in cleaning-up operations of consequences of the Chernobyl accident. The workers of the Radiobiological Laboratory have performed some research theoretical and practical tasks in the interests of aviation and space, civil and military medicine: the impact of gravitation and radiation on genetic structures has been studied, a radiation safety system for vehicles of different use has been developed, new principles in the standardization of EMF for radiofrequency and microwave bands have been proposed, the new radioprotective agent indralin (B, B-190) has been discovered, which is accepted for supply and used in rotary wing aircraft pilots during liquidation works at the Chernobyl atomic power station. New experimental data on the combined effects of radiation and non-radiation flight factors have been obtained. Basically new data on the mechanism of action of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on the brain have been also gained, a system for assessing the health and rehabilitation of pilots that cleaned-up the Chernobyl accident has been developed. Professor Pavel Petrovich Saksonov, RF Honoured Scientist, has the honour to create a school of aerospace radiobiology.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetic consequences of an increased radiation background at mouse-like rodents].

The frequency of genetic disturbances in germ-line and in somatic cells was studied in animals caught in radionuclide-cotaminated areas within the 30-km Chernobyl NPP zone as well as in model experiments in laboratory mice exposed to chronic external gamma-radiation or to the internal action of incorporated radionuclides (131I, 137Cs, 238Pu). The results of genetic and of cytologic analysis of germ-line and somatic cells in the caught or exposed house mice and in laboratory mice after incorporation of radionuclides are presented. An estimation of relative genetic efficiency of the most harmful radionuclides was made.

Animals↗