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PubMed1988

Sexual reflexes in male and female rats.

A novel preparation for the study of male and female sexual function in anesthetized, acutely spinalized rats is reported. In both sexes, the coitus reflex (the neuromuscular concomitants of sexual climax) could be elicited by mechanical stimulation of the distal urethra. It is concluded that the spinal sexual circuitry is essentially similar in both sexes and that the coitus reflex is generated by a hormone-insensitive spinal pattern generator and is triggered by a simple peripheral stimulus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sexual behavior in adolescent and adult females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

As part of a comprehensive interview study, 34 female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) plus 14 control sisters (ages 11-41 yr.) reported on their psychosexual development and sexual orientation (90 items). Fewer patients than sisters had ever experienced love relationships and sexual activities with male partners (p < 0.05 to 0.001). Twenty percent of the patients and none of the sisters wished for and/or had had homosexual relationships; in the patients > 21 yr 44% expressed this interest (p < 0.07). For most items, patients with the salt-wasting variant of CAH (SW) differed more clearly from the sisters than the simple-virilizing patients (SV). For two scales "indicating" homosexual (HOM) and heterosexual orientation (HET) and for two indices of HOM/HET differences), the patients also revealed relatively stronger homosexual and/or weaker heterosexual interests than the sisters (p < 0.05 to 0.001). Here, too, the SW/sister differences were more clear-cut. These results corroborate earlier reports on both delays in reaching psychosexual milestones and increased rates of bisexual/homosexual fantasies and experiences in CAH women.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical damage caused by sexual deprivation in girls.

In parts of Europe and in the Americas there are still many girls who are prevented by cultural forces from acquiring sexual experience until they are six years or so past puberty. This period of sexual deprivation probably causes physical as well as functional damage. The functional damage was documented by Kinsey more than twenty years ago, but almost no one seems to be aware of it. The physical damage seems likely as the basis for the functional damage and also as the inevitable result of sensory deprivation as revealed by extensive studies of other sensory systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Female sexual activity as a function of climacteric conditions and age.

By establishing a statistical profile of the average sexual behaviour of women during the climacteric period, an attempt was made to determine what influence the climacteric had on female sexual activity. With the advancement of age, the sexual activity of women tends to decline. The menopause itself tends to further reduce the retrogression of the sexual activity in women.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Sexual function among women with urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to determine whether sexual complaints, such as dyspareunia, are associated with pelvic floor disorders. STUDY DESIGN: We used data collected for the Maryland Women's Health Study. Among adult women scheduled for hysterectomy, we used multiple logistic regression analysis to identify characteristics associated with 4 sexual complaints: decreased libido, vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, and anorgasmia. RESULTS: Among 1299 participants, 495 (38.1%) had evidence of pelvic floor disorders. Sexual complaints were significantly more common among women with pelvic floor disorders (53.2% vs 40.4%, P < .01). In the multiple regression model, urinary incontinence was significantly associated with low libido (odds ratio [OR] 1.96), vaginal dryness (OR 2.11), and dyspareunia (OR 2.04), independent of age, educational attainment, and race. In contrast, pelvic organ prolapse was not associated with any sexual complaint. CONCLUSION: In a cohort of women planning hysterectomy, women with urinary incontinence were significantly more likely to report sexual complaints.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Sexual response in the patient after hysterectomy: total abdominal versus supracervical versus vaginal procedure.

OBJECTIVE: The present study examines the patient's own appraisal of her sexual responsiveness after hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Four hundred women who had undergone hysterectomy within a 3-year period were selected randomly and asked to respond to a questionnaire that was devised to ascertain the patient's own objective evaluation of self-image, sexuality, and sexual response before and after hysterectomy. The confidential responses were analyzed, noting the presence of any significant divergence between demographic and procedural cohorts. RESULTS: Of 126 respondents, 48.4% underwent total abdominal hysterectomy; 34.1% underwent vaginal hysterectomy, and 17.4% underwent supracervical hysterectomy. The mean patient age was 49.7+/-8.7 years. No direct correlation was found between hysterectomy type and age. Most women did not report any significant deterioration in mental attitude after the procedure (P =.788). Self and body image also remained consistent, with only 25.3% indicating a change for the worse. Only 10.3% of respondents felt less feminine after hysterectomy; nearly 70% of the respondents did not feel less feminine. Responses that pertained to libido, sexual activity, or feelings of femininity did not reveal significant changes (P >.05). Satisfaction with procedural choice was positive (54.8%), with only 7.1% responding unfavorably. CONCLUSION: The responses suggest that neither self-image nor sexuality need diminish after hysterectomy. The type of hysterectomy that was performed did not appear to affect the attitudes of the respondents.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy impairs sexual outcome among younger men who undergo external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of treatment factors and other covariates on sexual health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer. The effects of clinical and treatment factors on sexual health after external beam RT have not been fully characterized by patient-reported, validated questionnaires. METHODS: A total of 259 subjects (147 patients who had undergone RT for prostate cancer and 112 age-matched controls) participated in a cross-sectional assessment of HRQOL using the validated expanded prostate cancer index to measure patient-reported sexual function and bother. Multivariable models were used to determine the association of 13 prospectively measured clinical and treatment factors with post-RT sexual HRQOL. RESULTS: Increasing age, time since RT, and use of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) were independently associated with sexual function (P <0.01) after RT. The effects of NHT on sexual HRQOL were most notable among the youngest (younger than 67 years) patients and among those closest to treatment. These effects may be conceptualized by examining the distribution of responses to individual Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite questions. For example, among the youngest patients, those treated with NHT were less than half as likely to report a fair ability to have erections compared with hormone-naive men. CONCLUSIONS: These patient-reported data, elicited using a validated HRQOL instrument, indicate that older age and NHT significantly and independently hinder post-RT sexual HRQOL outcome among men with localized prostate cancer and provide a framework for counseling patients regarding long-term sexual outcome on the basis of treatment plan and age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

Physiologic parameters associated with sexual arousal in women with incomplete spinal cord injuries.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the physiologic sexual responses of women with incomplete spinal cord injuries (SCIs) with and without preservation of the ability to perceive T11-L2 pinprick sensation. DESIGN: Controlled laboratory-based analysis of responses to varying combinations of audiovisual erotic stimulation, manual genital stimulation, and performance of a distracting task coupled with manual genital stimulation. SETTING: The sexual physiology laboratory at our freestanding rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A volunteer sample of 17 women with incomplete SCIs. INTERVENTIONS: Two 78-minute protocols using 6-minute baselines alternating with 12-minute testing conditions. One protocol was designed to study the effects of psychogenic and psychogenic combined with manual sexual stimulation, while the other was designed to examine the effects of genital sexual stimulation performed in conjunction with a distracting task. DEPENDENT VARIABLES: Vaginal pulse amplitude, subjective arousal, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. RESULTS: Subjective arousal increased in both groups of subjects with isolated audiovisual erotic stimulation; however, only those subjects with the ability to perceive T11-L2 pinprick sensation had concomitant increases in vaginal pulse amplitude. In contrast, when manual genital stimulation was added to the audiovisual erotic stimulation, both groups of subjects developed increases in vaginal pulse amplitude, whereas only those subjects with the ability to perceive T11-L2 demonstrated a further increase in their level of subjective arousal. Performance of manual genital stimulation in conjunction with a distracting task resulted in significantly increased vaginal pulse amplitude and arousal level only in those subjects with preservation of the ability to perceive T11-L2 pinprick sensation. With the changeover to masturbation, neither group of subjects developed significant increases in vaginal pulse amplitude. During masturbation, both groups of subjects had increases in their level of sexual arousal; however, only those subjects with T11-L2 pinprick preservation had a significant increase. CONCLUSIONS: Women with preservation of the ability to perceive T11-L2 pinprick sensation tended to maintain the ability for psychogenic genital vasocongestion. Psychogenic protocol results showed that all subjects appeared to develop reflex genital vasocongestion when manual stimulation was added to audiovisual erotic stimulation. Manual genital stimulation in conjunction with the performance of a distracting task only resulted in increased vaginal pulse amplitudes in those subjects with preservation of T11-L2 pinprick sensation. We believe that this was due to increased subjective sexual arousal and that the reason all subjects did not develop increased genital vasocongestion under these conditions was due to poor hand function. Further research examining women with lower levels of SCI is necessary to understand the neurophysiology of female sexual response after SCI.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Are changes in sexual functioning during midlife due to aging or menopause?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether changes in women's sexual functioning during midlife are due to aging or menopause. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Population-based sample assessed in own homes. PATIENT(S): Four hundred thirty-eight Australian-born women aged 45-55 years and still menstruating at baseline. One hundred ninety-seven were studied for effects of the natural menopausal transition. Control group A (n = 44) remained premenopausal or early perimenopausal for 7 years. Control group B (n = 42) remained postmenopausal over 5 years. INTERVENTION(S): Nil; questionnaires and blood sampling annually. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Shortened version of the Personal Experiences Questionnaire. RESULT(S): By the late perimenopause, there was a significant decline in the factors we had derived of sexual responsivity and total score, and there was an increase in the partner's problems factor. By the postmenopausal phase, there was a further decline in the factors sexual responsivity, frequency of sexual activities, libido, and in the total score, and a significant increase in vaginal dyspareunia and partner's problems. Sexual responsivity significantly declined in both control groups. CONCLUSION(S): Sexual responsivity is adversely affected by both aging and the menopausal transition. Other domains of female sexual functioning were significantly adversely affected when the women became postmenopausal. The relationship with the partner and his ability to perform sexually is adversely affected by the menopausal transition.

Australia↗