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PubMed2001

MERLOT: a faculty-focused Web site of educational resources.

The Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching (MERLOT) is a community of academic institutions, professional discipline organizations, and individual people building a collection of Web-based teaching and learning resources where faculty can easily find peer-reviewed materials for use in their classes. The MERLOT project is currently supported by 23 systems and institutions of higher education and by the National Science Foundation. MERLOT is developing collections of learning materials from many academic disciplines, including psychology.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

A computerized simulation for investigating gambling behavior during roulette play.

The present paper describes a computerized roulette program for the conducting of psychological research on gambling behavior. The program was designed to simulate an actual roulette game found in casinos and gambling riverboats throughout North America. The roulette program collects detailed trial-by-trial data on player/participant behavior that can easily be transferred into data analysis and graphics programs. This multimedia simulation was designed in the Visual Basic programming language, and it is capable of running on any IBM-compatible personal computer running the Windows 2000 or higher operating system.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMed2004

Human use regulatory affairs advisor (HURAA): learning about research ethics with intelligent learning modules.

The Human Use Regulatory Affairs Advisor (HURAA) is a Web-based facility that provides help and training on the ethical use of human subjects in research, based on documents and regulations in United States federal agencies. HURAA has a number of standard features of conventional Web facilities and computer-based training, such as hypertext, multimedia, help modules, glossaries, archives, links to other sites, and page-turning didactic instruction. HURAA also has these intelligent features: (1) an animated conversational agent that serves as a navigational guide for the Web facility, (2) lessons with case-based and explanation-based reasoning, (3) document retrieval through natural language queries, and (4) a context-sensitive Frequently Asked Questions segment, called Point & Query. This article describes the functional learning components of HURAA, specifies its computational architecture, and summarizes empirical tests of the facility on learners.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed2000

The SYBAR system: integrated recording and display of video, EMG, and force plate data.

A new system--called SYBAR--is introduced, that employs digital video for registration of the movements of a patient while simultaneously recording electromyogram signals of relevant muscles and ground reaction forces (for the lower extremities in gait studies). All information is stored in a multimedia record, which can be viewed by the clinician with a simple user interface. This setup allows an integrated and more detailed view of the movement of the patient and related information (i.e., muscle physiology). It is used by clinicians to assess the causes of movement disorders in their patients. This paper describes the SYBAR system and focuses on the employed methods of data synchronization for both the time and the spatial domains. It is concluded that, although SYBAR was developed for clinical gait studies, the technology can be applied in all situations in which the relation between physiological signals and human or animal behavior is studied.

Electromyography↗

PubMed2000

SurveyWiz and factorWiz: JavaScript Web pages that make HTML forms for research on the Internet.

SurveyWiz and factorWiz are Web pages that act as wizards to create HTML forms that enable one to collect data via the Web. SurveyWiz allows the user to enter survey questions or personality test items with a mixture of text boxes and scales of radio buttons. One can add demographic questions of age, sex, education, and nationality with the push of a button. FactorWiz creates the HTML for within-subjects, two-factor designs as large as 9 x 9, or higher order factorial designs up to 81 cells. The user enters levels of the row and column factors, which can be text, images, or other multimedia. FactorWiz generates the stimulus combinations, randomizes their order, and creates the page. In both programs HTML is displayed in a window, and the user copies it to a text editor to save it. When uploaded to a Web server and supported by a CGI script, the created Web pages allow data to be collected, coded, and saved on the server. These programs are intended to assist researchers and students in quickly creating studies that can be administered via the Web.

Data Collection↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Solving the Orem mystery: an educational strategy.

Three years ago Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory was introduced in five pilot units at the Toronto General Hospital. To augment the existing implementation program and to introduce the basic concepts of the theory to staff from nonproject units, the clinical nurse specialist group developed a multimedia exhibit showing the theory in action. The theory was interpreted within the framework of the nursing process. A case study approach was developed so that a global perspective of the actual application of the model could be readily visualized. This article describes the activities involved in producing a self-learning educational presentation that can be put to a variety of uses, such as orientation of new staff and a review for current project unit staff, and that can also be revised and augmented as use of the theory becomes more sophisticated.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗

PubMed2001

Delivering health information about self-medication to older adults: use of touchscreen-equipped notebook computers.

Preventing Drug Interactions in Active Older Adults is an educational intervention to prevent prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drug and alcohol interactions in active, community-living older adults. The objectives of the program are to increase older adults' knowledge of potential interactions of prescription medications with OTC drugs and alcohol and to increase their confidence (self-efficacy) about how to avoid such interactions. An interactive multimedia computer software program (Personal Education Program or PEP) was designed for the learning styles and psychomotor skills of older adults. Focus groups of older adults evaluated PEP components in a formative manner during development. The program content dealing with antacids, calcium supplements, and acid reducers was pilot tested with 60 older adults recruited from local senior centers. Participants used the PEP on notebook computers equipped with infrared-sensitive touchscreens. Users of PEP had greater knowledge and self-efficacy scores than controls. Participants indicated a high degree of satisfaction with the PEP and reported their intent to make specific changes in self-medication behaviors.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A field test of a Web-based substance abuse prevention training program for health promotion professionals.

PURPOSE: To evaluate a multimedia substance abuse prevention (SAP) training program for health promotion (HP) practitioners designed to provide opportunities for behavioral modeling and skills building and to motivate and build confidence in ability to integrate SAP into HP offerings. METHODS: Using a posttest only design, 192 practitioners were randomly assigned to receive web-based (experimental group) or print-based (control group) training. Feelings about ability to conduct effective SAP programming, reactions to training materials, and knowledge about substance abuse and how to implement SAP were assessed. The experimental group also rated specific aspects of the web training. RESULTS: The experimental group gave high evaluation ratings, scored significantly higher on self-efficacy items, and gave significantly higher ratings on 12 of 15 reaction items. CONCLUSION: Web-based training was more engaging, understandable, user-friendly, useful, comprehensive, and motivating than print-based training; it is believed to be more effective in helping to integrate substance abuse prevention; and it will serve as a continuous resource.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Improving patient function: a randomized trial of functional disability screening.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To test whether a 34-item functional status questionnaire measuring physical, psychological, and social function can be used by physicians in practice to help improve their patients' outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. SETTING: Community internal medicine practices. PATIENTS: Five hundred and ten continuing patients with functional disabilities who saw their physicians at least four times a year. PHYSICIANS: Seventy-six UCLA clinical volunteer faculty who are internists in community office practices. INTERVENTIONS: Physicians and their patients were randomly assigned to the experimental or the control group. Experimental group physicians attended a 2-hour multimedia educational session and received four functional status reports on each of their study patients over a 1-year period. Control group physicians received no education and no functional status feedback. Control group and experimental group patients were tested for functional status with the functional status questionnaire every 4 months for 1 year. Both groups also completed monthly diaries that measured use of health services. Experimental group physicians answered an anonymous evaluation questionnaire at 6 months after study entry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Forty-three percent of experimental group physicians reported that they had used the functional status questionnaire to change therapy. Ninety-five percent reported that it was useful and accurate. Patient diaries did not show any difference between experimental group patients and control group patients in number of medications used, visits to physicians or other health professionals, equipment purchased, diet, or exercise programs. There were no significant differences between experimental and control group patients at exit from the study on any functional status or health outcome measure. CONCLUSION: A more powerful intervention than a 2-hour educational session and the regular provision of functional status information is needed to help office-based internists improve patient outcomes.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

Patient education materials about the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer: a critical review.

BACKGROUND: To ensure that patients make informed medical decisions, patient education materials must communicate treatment risks and benefits. OBJECTIVE: To survey publicly available patient education materials and assess their suitability to support informed decision making in early-stage prostate cancer. DESIGN: Cross-sectional review of Internet, print, and multimedia sources. SETTING: University data analysis laboratory. MEASUREMENTS: The content of 44 materials that described all standard treatment options was reviewed. Top-rated documents underwent plain-language review. Total score on 54 content items and accuracy, balance, and plain-language evaluation was measured. RESULTS: 502 of 546 patient education materials did not describe all standard treatments (watchful waiting, surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy). Eighty percent of the 44 materials that addressed standard treatments and underwent content review described anatomy, physiology, stage, and grade of cancer. Half of the materials fully described radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy. One third of the materials included risks and benefits of each treatment; none explicitly compared outcomes of all treatments in a single summary. Information was accurate and balanced but did not include key content for informed consent. LIMITATIONS: The search was restricted to publicly available materials and did not include books or materials written in languages other than English. The accuracy, balance, and plain-language reviews were evaluated by 1 reviewer. The criteria reflect the authors' focus on informed decision making. Other aspects of health education may require a different evaluation template. CONCLUSIONS: Currently available patient education materials on early-stage prostate cancer treatment do not contain comprehensive information about the risks and benefits of each treatment. To assist patients and physicians in choosing among prostate cancer treatment options, a new generation of materials is needed.

CD-ROM↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Today's or tomorrow's computer systems?

The computer technology of behavioral healthcare information systems must meet at least twelve requirements to effectively support clinical and management operations. Existing, antiquated "legacy" computer systems often fail to meet these requirements, due to high cost, slow turnaround, inconsistent data definitions, duplication, inflexibility and the lack of data integrity. There are five major transitions that an organization's information system undergoes to realize the full potential of new technology: from monolithic to parallel architectures; from procedural to object-oriented programming; from structural to relational databases; from legacy to "leap-frog" systems; and from fragmented systems to multimedia.

Budgets↗

PubMed1995

Telemedicine: where is technology taking us?

Five years ago, a few zealots in Switzerland, at the CERN Laboratory, were contemplating using the Internet for hypertext and for transfer of still images, recorded sounds, and compressed video files. Five years later, the World Wide Web defines a set of standards for packaging and routing information over the Internet that involve millions of people and personal computers and that allowed a start-up Netscape to enjoy a capitalization of more than $2 billion when it sold stock to the public recently. Now, video-conferencing and multimedia electronic mail over the Internet are the fascinations of engineers at NASA, and the MBONE Information Web, the province of technophiles with UNIX workstations. Five years from now, you may be participating in telemedicine sessions frequently, from your workstation, and think nothing of it.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1996

Medical education: challenges and opportunities.

New curricula and educational methods are needed in medical education to take account of changes in the material taught, and the way in which education is delivered. We describe two approaches to these challenges--an internationally developed slide-text-based program and a multimedia clinical case-based CD-ROM project.

CD-ROM↗

PubMed1997

Exploring the Internet frontier.

M-Bone, multimedia e-mail and teleconferencing are drawing providers to the Internet as a telemedicine network alternative. But security and reliability issues remain unresolved.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1997

The microprocessor and medicine.

Technology continues to accelerate at an amazing pace. Where have we been, where are we going, and what do these technology enhancements mean to the health care industry? We are entering the era of the personal computer becoming the window to the multimedia digital world of cyberspace. Microprocessors will continue to improve from one generation to the next to make cyberspace as realistic as possible-and with their improving capabilities will come myriad applications for health care services, either not cost-effective, or not even contemplated, until now. As a leader of an organization, one who approves substantial budgets for information technology, you must ask yourself what new products and services these startling technological advances will create. How will they change health and medical care?

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Information superhighway or information traffic jam for healthcare consumers?

The phenomenal development and growth of the information superhighway over the past few years has brought with an ever-increasing number of sites associated with health care. At the same time, community access to the Internet and multimedia technology has allowed greater access to healthcare sites by consumers wishing to find healthcare information relevant to their needs. The Internet has greater potential for improving the healthcare knowledge of the community, especially in remote areas or in parts of the community that have limited access to community health infrastructure. However, most of the current development of healthcare sites has focused on the needs of healthcare professionals rather than consumers. Indeed, with the volume of information available over the Internet, it is easy to spend hours browsing through a maze of sites with information that often is fragmented, incomplete, or only accessible with a password. Once a relevant site is located, the information often is presented as vast amounts of text with possibly some graphics. It appears little consideration is given during the development of web sites to the actual presentation of the information. For the full potential of the information superhighway to be realized in relation to health care, more consideration should be given during the development stages of web sites to how the information is presented and how to make access more streamlined.

Australia↗

PubMed1997

MERMAID 1996--report on the implementation of a European Project on "medical emergency aid through telematics".

MERMAID is a project that intends to provide multilingual medical emergency services to seaborne vessels around the world. MERMAID uses two-way transmission of live images in marine medical teleconsultation, greatly improving services that up to now depended on short-wave and VHF radio alone. Transmission of high resolution still pictures is also possible, so that the teleconsulting physician may closely (visually) examine his patient, along with transmission of biological signals and patient anamnesis details. Telemedical interventions are critically dependent on local paramedics. Merchant marine officers are trained in first-aid procedures and basic medical transactions. In practice, however, this training is often inadequate. For this reason MERMAID uses a multimedia medical guide that covers the absolutely necessary basics to handle medical emergencies and common medical problems on board. This application is based on the WHO "Medical guide for ships" and EU Council Directive 92/29. The delivery of medical and mental health care to distant populations has never been easy. In addition, the progress of technology has widened the disparity between the quality of care available to the urban citizen and that available to the rural or remote location resident. The only viable solution to the problem seems to come from telecommunications technologies. Indeed, ISDN is the first widely available public network that supports integrated services and can serve as a reliable backbone for telemedical services. Communications satellites provide a means of expanding ISDN network to geographically remote locations. Against this background, MERMAID combines mobile satellite technologies, VSAT technologies and ISDN protocols in order to realise a Global Telemedicine System that is reliable, exhibits, continuity, is seamlessly connected, has low cost and is downward compatible.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1997

Standard generalized mark-up language: should it have a role in clinical records?

Standard generalized mark-up language (SGML) could have a role as one of the information management tools available to system developers and users because it has unique features that can help solve some of the current problems in clinical informatics. SGML allows the logical structure of multimedia documents to be described in a way that is independent of the hardware or software platform. This offers considerable advantages for purchasers of systems because it gives an opportunity to develop records that can be readily authored and read by a variety of systems, offering a route to effective communication of electronic clinical information.

England↗