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Results for “Medical Informatics Computing”

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At least 1,603 records · Page 89Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Software for interactive segmentation of the carotid artery from 3D black blood magnetic resonance images.

A semiautomatic algorithm for segmenting organ surfaces from 3D medical images is presented in this work. The algorithm is based on a deformable model, and allows the user to initialize the model by combining and molding primitive shapes such as cylinders and spheres to form an initial approximate model of the organ surface. The initial model is automatically deformed to better fit organ boundaries. The algorithm was applied to segment the carotid bifurcation from 3D black blood magnetic resonance (MR) images of 5 subjects. The algorithm-segmented surfaces were compared to surfaces segmented manually by an experienced user. On average, approximately 3 min were required to segment an image using the algorithm, whereas 1h was required for manual segmentation. The average distance between corresponding points on the manually and algorithm-segmented surfaces was 0.37 mm, whereas the average maximum distance was 2.03 mm. Moreover, algorithm-segmented surfaces exhibited less intra-operator variability than those segmented manually.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Building and using a medical ontology for knowledge management and cooperative work in a health care network.

In the context of a health care network, we describe our method for reconstitution of a medical ontology via the translation of a medical database (DB) towards RDF(S) language. Then we show how we extended this ontology among others through natural language processing of a textual corpus. Then, we present the construction of a tool called "Virtual Staff", enabling a cooperative diagnosis by some of the health care network actors, by relying on this medical ontology and on the creation of SOAP and QOC graphs.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Extracting data recorded with OpenSDE: possibilities and limitations.

PURPOSE: OpenSDE is an application intended to support structured data entry in a variety of settings, such as routine care and clinical research. The past years development has focused on data entry to support expressiveness and flexibility. The focus is now shifting to data extraction: what are the possibilities for extracting the data and does the adopted strategy pose limitations? METHODS: Data extraction is supported by presenting the concepts for extraction in the same tree structure as for data entry. Users can select all or a sub selection of these concepts for extraction. Selected concepts are extracted and converted to a table format that can be queried using conventional tools. RESULTS: The extraction tool (entity export) provides a successful technical solution for data extraction. Using the extracted data, however, leads to obstacles that are a result of a fundamental design principle of OpenSDE.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2006

Outbreak detection through automated surveillance: a review of the determinants of detection.

Public health agencies and other groups have invested considerable resources in automated surveillance systems over the last decade. These systems generally follow syndromes in pre-diagnostic data drawn from sources such as emergency department visits. A main goal of syndromic surveillance systems is to detect outbreaks rapidly and the number of studies evaluating outbreak detection has increased recently. This paper reviews these studies with the goal of identifying the determinants of outbreak detection in automated syndromic surveillance systems. The review identified 35 studies with 22 studies (63%) relying on naturally occurring outbreaks and 13 studies (37%) relying on simulated outbreaks. In general, the results from these studies suggest that syndromic surveillance systems are capable of detecting some types of disease outbreaks rapidly with high sensitivity. The determinants of detection included characteristics of the system and of the outbreak. Influential system characteristics included representativeness, the outbreak detection algorithm, and the specificity of the algorithm. Important outbreak characteristics included the magnitude and shape of the signal and the timing of the outbreak. Future evaluations should aim to address inconsistencies in the evidence noted in this review and to identify the potential influence of other factors on outbreak detection.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1996

Professional ethics as basis for legal control of health care information.

The development of uniform, ethical and internationally enforceable standards for handling computerised electronic patient records is a major requirement for the implementation of the next generation of health information systems. This paper develops a model code of ethics to address this issue.

Canada↗
PubMed2003

The role of low-bandwidth telemedicine in surgical prescreening.

PURPOSE: Low-bandwidth, Internet-based telemedicine is an inexpensive technology that could help deliver heath care in medically underserved areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of low-bandwidth telemedicine in remote surgical evaluation. METHODS: A group of surgeons and nurses traveled to Mombasa, Kenya to provide surgical assistance at the Coast Province General Hospital (CPGH). Before the visit of the surgical team, surgeons evaluated patients via low-bandwidth telemedicine. Prescreening was performed through use of an Internet-based desktop computer system that was supported technically by the Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Medical Informatics and Technology Applications Consortium (MITAC) telemedicine laboratory. Surgical patients were evaluated remotely regarding appropriateness of surgical intervention by reviewing e-mails that included the patient's age, history, physical examination, digital images of the patient, and digital images of pertinent radiographs. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients, including 7 pediatric patients, were prescreened. Thirty-three of the 51 patients (65%) were deemed inappropriate for surgery before this trip because of advanced disease or absence of necessary local medical resources. Of the 18 patients determined to be appropriate candidates for surgery by remote prescreening, 18 (100%) were operated on successfully during the relief effort. Sixty patients including 9 (15%) pediatric patients underwent surgery over the course of 5 days in CPGH. Pediatric cases included various laparoscopic, oncologic, and soft tissue reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Low-bandwidth, Internet-based telemedicine is a cost-effective technology that can efficiently and effectively prescreen surgical patients in remote areas.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Mobile internet].

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Computers, Handheld↗
PubMed2003

Anthropic agency: a multiagent system for physiological processes.

Multiagent systems are powerful and flexible tools for modelling and regulating complex phenomena. In fact, a way to manage the complexity of a phenomenon is to decompose it in such a way that each agent embeds the control model for a portion of the phenomenon. In this perspective, the cooperative interaction among the agents results in the controller for the whole phenomenon. Since the portions in which the phenomenon is decomposed may overlap, the actions the single agents undertake to regulate these portions may conflict; hence a balanced negotiation is required. A class of complex phenomena that present several difficulties in their satisfactory modelling and controlling is the class of physiological processes. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a general multiagent architecture, called anthropic agency, for the modelling and the regulation of complex physiological phenomena.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Who will standardise the standardisers: an analysis of the evolution of the standards-making process.

For many years, there have been a number of different bodies producing standards--formal standards bodies, collaborative organisations and industrial consortia. Each process has its own advantages and disadvantages. More recently, there have been considerable efforts made to bring these processes together and to optimise the standards-making process for the benefit of standards-makers, industry and the end-user. This paper describes the various means by which standards are currently produced, examines their advantages and disadvantages and discusses how they are converging. It also indicates the likely results of this convergence.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

Twenty five years of medical informatics education at Heidelberg/Heilbronn: discussion of a specialized curriculum for medical informatics.

The specialized university curriculum for medical informatics (MI) at the University of Heidelberg/School of Technology Heilbronn is one of the oldest educational approaches in the field of MI and has been successful now for 25 years with about 1000 graduates (Diplom-Informatikerin der Medizin or Diplom-Informatiker der Medizin). It belongs to the category of dedicated master's programs for MI and is based on the concept of MI as a medical discipline of its own. It is oriented towards the total spectrum of MI ranging from health care economics, biosignal and medical image processing, medical documentation, to information and knowledge processing in medicine. It is a 4.5 years program with a strong emphasis on the methodological foundations of MI and on practical education in a number of specific laboratories. A total of 35 students are admitted each semester and in total about 440 students are enrolled. The faculty consists of 17 full-time members and about 25 part-time lecturers. The authors report on characteristics, structure and contents of the new fifth version of the curriculum and discuss the features of a specialized curriculum for MI with respect to the challenges for MI in the 21st century.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1999

Methodology for constructive assessment of IT-based systems in an organisational context.

Even if painted in black and white, there is no doubt that the assumptions for the application of traditional approaches for user requirements specification are more or less unfulfilled. This indicates a need for evolutionary system development combined with constructive assessment throughout the life-cycle of an IT-based solution. A methodology for constructive technology assessment is presented, which 1) covers the entire system life-cycle; 2) has users from the application domain of the future system, or their representatives, as the target users of the assessment methodology; 3) enables constructive assessment during the development of an IT-based solution; 4) is applicable independently of the system development approach; and 5) provides users of the IT-based solution with information enabling them to decide whether or not to take the system into real-life clinical usage.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1999

Mr Lewis on the Web--how to convert learning resources for intranet technology.

OBJECTIVES: Intranet technology is the application of Internet tools in local networks. Due to the diversification of hardware and the need for international cooperation, cross-platform systems with network access are required for computer-based training (CBT). The latest advances in Web technology make it feasible to have interactive CBT on the Web: Web-based training (WBT). It is possible to convert existing interactive learning programs to Intranet technology. This approach combines the evaluated contents of excellent learning resources with the technical advantages of Web technology. DESIGN: 'Mr Lewis' is a case about pulmonary embolism, developed by Harold Sox, M.D., working with one of the authors, and peer-reviewed at Dartmouth Medical School (DMS), where it is now being used in the third-year clerkship in Internal Medicine as one of several CBT programs assigned to students in the clerkship. RESULTS: The process and the tools necessary to convert an interactive learning program to Intranet technology are described. CONCLUSIONS: International cooperation for CBT development is much more effective with this technique than with conventional platform-dependent stand-alone software. Web-based training can play an important role in the education of medical students and doctors.

Clinical Clerkship↗