Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Liver Dysfunction”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,603 records · Page 89Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Acceleration of metabolism of stress-related substances by L-carnosine].

Liver dysfunction was produced in the rat by injecting CCl4 subcutaneously in the back twice a week, and the effects of L-carnosine (CAR) on the resulting liver injury were examined. When CCl4 was administered to 6-week-old rats for 9 weeks, GOT and GPT values increased, but these changes were suppressed in the group concomitantly treated with CAR, indicating a protective effect of the agent on liver function. No such preventive effects of CAR was observed in 40-week-old rats, but when the CCl4 administration was discontinued after 4 weeks, GOT and GPT decreased to normal levels within 1 week of discontinuation, indicating a therapeutic effect of CAR on hepatopathy. Based on these findings, we determined the cortisone beta-reductase activity in the rat liver. The increase in this enzyme activity in the group treated with CAR indicated acceleration of cortisone metabolism. Changes of blood cortisol level and cerebral and blood noradrenaline (NA) levels were studied by exposing 6-week-old rats to electric shocks at 30 V. Cortisol released into the circulation after the stress was quickly metabolized in the CAR group and the blood level normalized after 3 hours. Following the release of NA from the brain into the circulation, the NA concentration rapidly returned to the normal level both in the brain and the blood. CAR enhanced the liver function and accelerated the metabolism of stress-related substances also in aged animals. CAR, moreover, restored the RNA contents of the mouse spleen and the immunological abilities represented by PFC reaction, which are reduced by stresses such as forced immersion, fasting, and administration of MMC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Hepatitis in drug dependents.

A survey of viral liver disease in 130 drug dependents attending the WAADA in August to November 1977 revealed 58 per cent with serological stigmata of hepatitis B infection. Of those who were HBsAg negative (excluding 31 patients in whom history and physical examination were insufficient for clinical diagnosis of hepatitis) 50 to 65 per cent had some degree of liver dysfunction. Some of this in the HBsAg negative, Anti HBs negative group could have been due to non-A non-B hepatitis. Twenty patients had liver biopsies and 16 (80 per cent) of these had chronic hepatitis, of whom nine (45 per cent) had the more ominous chronic aggressive hepatitis. The high levels of preference for intravenous use of drugs (83 per cent injected themselves on more than half the occasions) and close association with other addicts raised concern about these patients acting as a reservoir of B and non-A non-B hepatitis infection to the population at large. It was noted that the carriage rate of hepatitis B in the WAADA addicts was 80 per times that of the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Pre- and postoperative intensive care after liver transplantations].

Physiological and metabolic disorders must be identified and treated prior to liver transplantation (if necessary plasmaphaeresis, hemofiltration in the case of severe hepatic failure). Postoperatively, the goal is to restore and maintain metabolic functions, to prevent any organ failure and to detect early complications. Primary liver dysfunction must be recognized as soon as possible in order to decide upon retransplantation. Hepatic artery thrombosis must be detected by doppler ultrasonography and managed surgically. Acute liver rejection must be identified and treated. Nosocomial infection should be avoided and specifically treated. The success of liver transplantation depends on the indications, patient selection, and the close cooperation between the members of the transplantation team.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Erythropoietic protoporphyria with severe cholestasis.

A 74-year-old woman with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) with hepatic dysfunction is reported. She had been photosensitive for two years prior to admission. Physical examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly and erosions on her face. Moderate increases in serum bilirubin and biliary tract enzymes were noted. Histology of the biopsied liver revealed moderate fibrosis and dilatation of bile canaliculi containing orange pigment. Marked increases in protoporphyrin in erythrocytes and feces were noted. The patient died of hepatic failure a year and a half after admission with maximum serum bilirubin of 34 mg/dl. This patient seems to be the oldest among reported EPP cases with liver dysfunction.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1992

Long-term results of treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome with portal decompression.

Thirty-three patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome were studied for 1 to 19 years following portal decompression. All had ascites, hepatomegaly, abnormal liver function, angiographic demonstration of inferior vena cava and/or hepatic vein occlusion, and biopsy specimens showing intense hepatic congestion and necrosis. When thrombosis was confined to hepatic veins (20 patients), side-to-side portacaval shunt resulted in 95% operative survival, 90% prolonged survival, permanent shunt patency, relief of ascites, reversal of liver dysfunction, and reversal or improvement of hepatic lesions. When thrombosis involved the inferior vena cava, mesoatrial shunt (eight patients) was unsatisfactory because of a 63% mortality rate from liver failure due to shunt thrombosis. In contrast, a new procedure consisting of combined portacaval and caval-atrial shunts (five patients) has been highly successful, with 100% survival, shunt patency, relief of ascites, and reversal of pathologic abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Hepatic growth hormone receptor, insulin-like growth factor I, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein messenger RNA expression in pediatric liver disease.

Major changes in serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) occur in children with end-stage liver disease in association with changes in body composition. We hypothesized that these changes would be associated with changes in hepatic messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Eleven children with end-stage extrahepatic biliary atresia and 11 controls (liver donors) were studied. Serum samples were obtained from the children with biliary atresia immediately before orthotopic liver transplantation. Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-2 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay, and IGFBP-3 by immunoradiometric assay. In both groups, growth hormone receptor mRNA expression was examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, IGF-I mRNA expression by ribonuclease protection assay, and IGFBP-1 to -4 mRNA expression by Northern analysis. Growth hormone receptor and IGF-I mRNA levels were reduced 1.7-fold (P = .003) and 9.6-fold (P = .0001) in biliary atresia compared with levels in controls. Despite increased serum IGFBP-1 levels and reduced IGFBP-3 levels in biliary atresia, there was no change in either IGFBP-1 or IGFBP-3 mRNA expression. In contrast, serum levels and mRNA expression of IGFBP-2 were increased 1.6-fold (P = .003) and twofold (P = .0001), respectively, compared with controls. Gene expression did not correlate with liver dysfunction or body composition. Changes in growth hormone receptor and IGF-I mRNA expression may account for the reduction in serum IGF-I found in pediatric liver disease. In contrast, the marked alteration in circulating IGFBP levels was not accompanied by changes in hepatic IGFBP gene expression, suggesting that posttranslational mechanisms may be important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A phase II and pharmacokinetic study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Chemotherapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently limited by unacceptable toxicity. Long-circulating polyethylene glycol-coated (PEGylated) liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) has low systemic toxicity. Its safety and efficacy in patients with advanced HCC and the relationship between hepatic function and pharmacokinetics were investigated in this phase II study. METHODS: Patients were given 30 mg/m(2) PLD every 3 weeks and the dose was escalated to 45 mg/m(2) from the third course if the toxicity was deemed tolerable. The plasma level of doxorubicin was determined with fluorometry. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients were recruited into this phase II study. The toxicities were usually mild but unexpectedly, three cirrhotic patients died of infection without neutropenia. Four had a partial response (response rate 10%, confidence interval 0-20%). The median duration of response was 5.6 months. The median time to tumor progression and the median survival of all patients was only 2 and 3 months, respectively. Patients with advanced HCC had lower initial serum concentration, larger volume of distribution and more rapid clearance than patients with other malignancies and normal liver function. However, the pharmacokinetic parameters correlated with neither toxicity nor response. CONCLUSIONS: The disposition of PLD in patients with liver dysfunction was not hampered, but it did not exhibit higher activity compared with free drug, and the risk of infection must be watched closely especially in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Effects of multistrain probiotic supplementation on hepatic function and anthropometric parameters in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly prevalent on a global scale. The gut microbiota is integral to its pathogenesis, prompting extensive research into microbiota modulation as a potential adjunctive therapeutic strategy. AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of multistrain probiotics supplementation on hepatic function in patients with MASLD in a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. The primary outcomes were changes in Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and fatty liver index (FLI). Secondary outcomes included changes in anthropometric parameters, selected biochemical markers, and other liver-related indices. METHODS: A total of 64 patients with MASLD were randomly assigned to two groups receiving either placebo (C) or a probiotic mixture (PRO) containing the following bacterial strains: 50% Lactococcus lactis Rosell-1058, 25% Lacticaseibacillus casei Rosell-215, 12.5% Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell-52, 12.5% Bifidobacterium bifidum Rosell-71 for 12 wk. RESULTS: Significant group &#xd7; time interactions were observed for FIB-4 (Q = 0.007), with reduction in the PRO group and increase in the C group (-0.05 vs. 0.10; P = 0.002). No significant interaction was found for FLI (Q = 0.942). Significant group &#xd7; time interactions were also observed for aspartate aminotransferase (-2.87 vs. 1.87 U/L; Q = 0.003) and APRI (-0.03 vs. 0.02; Q = 0.001), favoring the PRO group (P < 0.001 for both). No significant changes were observed in anthropometric parameters, glucose levels, or lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with MASLD, the 12-wk probiotic supplementation had a modest but statistically significant effect on FIB-4, aspartate aminotransferase, and APRI, with no significant effect on FLI or anthropometric and metabolic parameters. These findings suggest that this probiotic formulation may have potential benefits for liver function in MASLD. However, long-term studies incorporating imaging-based and histological endpoints are required to determine the clinical significance of these findings.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[11C]Hyaluronan uptake with positron emission tomography in liver disease.

BACKGROUND: A hyaluronan-loading test has been developed for assessment of hyaluronan kinetics and applied in patients with liver and joint diseases. This test describes the metabolic process of hyaluronan but cannot define the specific contribution of different organs. A method for labelling of hyaluronan with the short-lived positron-emitting radionuclide 11C has been published and in this study applied in healthy subjects and liver diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Positron emission tomography (PET) was used for the regional assessment and quantification of [11C]hyaluronan uptake in three healthy subjects, four patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, one with alcoholic hepatitis and one with liver steatosis. After intravenous administration of 60 MBq of 11C-labelled hyaluronan, a 55-min PET scan was performed over the liver and plasma radioactivity was analysed. Rate constants describing the transport of the [11C]hyaluronan tracer from plasma to the liver were calculated. RESULTS: High uptake was observed in the liver combined with a rapid elimination of tracer from plasma. The liver uptake rate (k1) was significantly lower in patients (0.018 min-1) than in healthy subjects (0.043 min-1, P = 0.002). The rate constants seem to be related to the severity of the disease as defined by the Child-Pugh score. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that PET with [11C]hyaluronan could be an accurate method by which to assess liver dysfunction, in conditions where endothelial cell function is impaired. The possibility of quantification over extended portions of the body also opens up possibilities to explore regional differences in liver function and to assess other elimination routes of hyaluronan.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The prognostic significance of caffeine half-life in saliva in children with chronic liver disease.

To evaluate its clinical value, the half-life of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) in saliva (SCT) after 3 mg/kg-1 oral caffeine was measured in 53 children with chronic liver disease (mean age, 4.41 years) and 48 control children (mean age, 6.26 years) in five samples over 24 h and compared with parameters of liver function and outcome. Sensitivity was 60.3% and specificity 97% of SCT for diagnosis of chronic liver disease. The correlation of SCT with serum albumin (ALB) was -0.52 (p < 0.001), total bilirubin (SBR) was 0.585 (p < 0.001), prolonged prothrombin time (PT) was 0.387 (p = 0.004), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 0.538 (p = 0.001). The correlation of SCT with a clinical score of liver dysfunction calculated from the presence of features of hepatic decompensation was 0.627 (p < 0.001) and with Malatack's paediatric prognostic score was 0.505 (p < 0.001). Serial SCT and liver function tests were performed on 53 patients on 127 occasions during a mean follow-up of 361 days (range, 4-709). Of this group, 18 were listed for liver transplantation. Predictive values of outcome by analysis of variance expressed as ratio of mean squares were SBR, 34.1 (p < 0.001); log10 SCT, 20.6 (p < 0.001); ALB, 5.2 (p < 0.05); PT, 1.2 (NS). SCT correlated with clinical and biochemical parameters of severity of liver disease, but SBR was a better predictor of listing for liver transplantation in this group of paediatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Bile ductal and ductular changes of the livers in the renal allografted patients.

Nine liver biopsies from six renal allografted patients suffering from liver injury were examined by light and electron microscope and immunostaining. The patients had never been on liver dysfunction prior to renal transplantation and after renal transplantation had been administered azathioprine continuously. These patients had shown HBs antigen negative sera. Three of these patients restored normal liver function after withdrawal of azathioprine. Accordingly, the liver diseases of the three were supposedly caused by azathioprine. The liver biopsies of six patients were histologically diagnosed as follows: chronic active hepatitis with severe cholestasis (1 patient), liver cirrhosis with cholestasis (1 patient), acute hepatitis (1 patient), and mild hepatitis (3 patients). The common pathological findings of six patients were degeneration of interlobular bile ducts and ductules, as well as degeneration of liver cells, and mild to moderate inflammatory cell infiltration of portal tracts and sinusoids. The degeneration of bile ductal and ductular cells were classified into two types: light microscopical finding showed vacuolar or eosinophilic cytoplasm and electron microscopic compatible findings showed hydropic cytoplasm scant of free ribosome and organelles, or dense cytoplasm rich in free ribosome and degenerated organelles. The basement membranes of interlobular bile ducts and ductules were always preserved.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of miliary tuberculosis (miliary TB) accompanied with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a patient with Cushing's syndrome].

A 74-year-old housewife was admitted to the hospital with complaints of high fever and general fatigue. The physical examinations on admission showed no particular findings except for mild hepatomegaly, but laboratory findings showed severe liver dysfunction, active inflammation and negative tuberculine test. On the 4th day, she suddenly complained of severe respiratory distress. A chest X-ray film demonstrated surprising changes in comparison with that taken on admission. On suspicion of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with military tuberculosis (Miliary TB), administration of Methylpredonisolone (1000 mg a day for 3 days) in addition to antituberculous drugs was immediately started. With this therapy she was recovered from such ill condition, but the general exhaustion and slight fever continued. We suspected that her condition might be due to adrenocortical involvement of Miliary TB and hormonal examinations were performed. Unexpectedly, Cushing's syndrome was suspected on the basis of the following; high level of plasma cortisol without normal daily variation, normal ACTH level, an absent response to the Dexamethasone suppression test. Computed tomography revealed left side adrenal mass. During these examinations, renal dysfunction probably due to Miliary TB grew gradually worse and she died of renal failure on the 56th day. Necropsy revealed disseminated tuberculosis involving the lungs and the liver, but the adrenal glands were not examined.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Neuropsychiatric sequelae of portal-systemic encephalopathy: a review.

Portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE) is a common condition affecting individuals with chronic hepatic dysfunction. The clinical presentation of PSE often mimics a number of psychiatric disorders and, as discussed in the text, complicates the treatment of persons who suffer from both liver dysfunction and psychiatric illness. This review of the literature addresses the etiology, natural history and treatment of PSE. Special attention is devoted to clarifying the cognitive and affective manifestations of chronic low grade PSE.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed2005

[A case of unresectable cholangiocellular carcinoma treated with surgery followed by combination chemotherapy].

The patient was a 44-year-old man, who was investigated for lateral abdominal pain and liver dysfunction, and subsequently referred to our department with a diagnosis of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC). Radiological examinations revealed the huge mass in the right lobe of the liver with intrahepatic metastasis in the left lobe. The main tumor was surgically removed, but the metastases were not removed. A month after the operation, a subcutaneous implant reservoir was indwelled for repeated transcatheter hepatic arterial chemo infusion therapy (5-fluorouracil 500 mg/day continuous infusion, day 1-5, and CDDP 10 mg/day, day 1) from the right femoral artery. After 15 courses of home anti-cancer chemotherapy, abdominal CT revealed that the size of intrahepatic metastasis in the left lobe of the liver had not shown growth, whereas other metastitic sites popped up in the caudate lobe, which were free of chemical agent flow. There was no major complication related to the chemotherapy throughout the post-treatment course. Although he maintained a good level of QOL, he refused further chemotherapy due to depression. He died of liver failure 7 months after the operation. In conclusion, volume reduction surgery followed by transcatheter hepatic arterial chemo infusion might be promising as an effective therapy for non resectable CCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Anti-HCV and long-term prognosis in patients with non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis].

Anti-HCV was tested in serial serum samples of 20 patients with non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis (NANB-PTH) who had been followed for more than 3 years after the onset. The rate of chronicity of disease was significantly higher in anti-HCV positive patients (12 out of 14, 85.7%) than in anti-HCV negative patients (group 1) (1 out of 6 patients, 14.3%). Among 14 anti-HCV positive patients, 7 lost anti-HCV during the follow-up period (group 2) and 6 of these 7 patients revealed normalization of liver dysfunction before or after the disappearance of anti-HCV. To the contrary, remaining 7 patients whose anti-HCV sustained positive (group 3) did show persistent abnormal liver function tests. Anti-HCV titer was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2 at the point of 1 year after PTH. The titration of anti-HCV at 1 year after the onset of PTH was thought to be useful for estimating the prognosis of patients with post-transfusion hepatitis type C.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Hepatic safety of itraconazole.

BACKGROUND: As the use of the newer oral antifungal agents for the treatment of superficial fungal infections becomes more widespread, the issue of safety surrounding their use is becoming an increasingly important consideration. Itraconazole is effective and well tolerated, with most side effects being minor and reversible. The most common adverse events are gastrointestinal upset, headache, and transient skin reaction. There have also been rare reports of hepatitis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the hepatic safety of pulse and continuous itraconazole in the treatment of onychomycosis. METHODS: An analysis was performed on all itraconazole clinical trials sponsored by Janssen Research Foundation in the treatment of onychomycosis, where there was an assessment of laboratory safety. A review of the published literature was also undertaken to assess the hepatic safety of itraconazole in common practice. RESULTS: The data indicate that itraconazole pulse treatment is safe, with no significant differences in the number of code 4 abnormalities (baseline value is in the normal range and at least two values, or the last testing in the observation period, exceed twice the upper limit of normal) in the liver function parameters studied: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. The incidence of all the code 4 abnormalities was below 2%. In the literature there are reports of symptomatic hepatitis with itraconazole continuous therapy but no published report of symptomatic hepatotoxicity using the pulse regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Itraconazole pulse therapy for onychomycosis appears to be safe, especially from the perspective of potential liver damage. In the itraconazole package insert liver function tests are recommended for patients receiving continuous itraconazole for periods of time exceeding 1 month. There is no such monitoring requirement for the pulse regimen unless the patient has a history of underlying hepatic disease, the liver function tests are abnormal at baseline, or at any time that there is the development of signs or symptoms suggestive of liver dysfunction.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Milk thistle: is there a role for its use as an adjunct therapy in patients with cancer?

The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is common among patients with cancer. Many of these patients use CAM therapies to decrease the risk of late effects that are sometimes associated with cancer therapy. Certain classes of effective anticancer agents can induce short- and long-term toxicity to the liver. Currently, there are no safer alternatives to these medications. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a botanical that may be useful in the prevention or treatment of liver dysfunction in patients undergoing anticancer therapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1985

Influence of ethanol on the human serum level of beta-hexosaminidase.

Serum activities of the lysosomal enzymes beta-hexosaminidase, alpha-fucosidase and alpha-mannosidase in teetotalers, healthy persons with 'ordinary' alcohol consumption, chronic alcoholics and patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were compared. There was no difference between controls and teetotalers, whereas serum from chronic alcoholics and patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis showed a significant increase of lysosomal enzymes compared to controls and teetotalers. The effect of daily alcohol ingestion on the serum activity of lysosomal enzymes was studied in 9 healthy volunteers. A minor but significant increase was found for beta-hexosaminidase. It is concluded that the increase of lysosomal enzyme activity in serum from alcoholics is due to the liver dysfunction.

Adolescent↗