Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Lecture”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,603 records · Page 89Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Nutrition and physical activity--why we must move from a casual acquaintance to a lifelong partnership. 2001 Ryley-Jeffs memorial lecture.

Both nutrition and physical activity have important roles in health promotion and disease prevention, and are viewed by the public as closely related and synergistic. However, the present level of interaction between professionals in the two areas is limited, and could be described as a "casual acquaintance." Using heart disease, osteoporosis and obesity as examples of chronic conditions that affect the health and well-being of Canadians, reasons why the level of interaction between nutrition and exercise professionals must move to a "lifelong partnership" are discussed. For each, evidence for the roles of nutrition and physical activity in prevention and management is presented, along with data to support the concept that attention to both factors is likely to be more beneficial than attention to either alone. Obesity is presented as a risk factor for inactivity rather than a chronic disease per se: when fitness level is controlled, data suggest that lean and obese men have similar mortality rates. However, the prevalence of low fitness is much higher among obese individuals. Moving from a casual acquaintance to a lifelong partnership will require modification of the education of nutrition and fitness professionals, as well as a personal commitment by members of both groups.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2001

Gibbs memorial lecture. Unifying hypothesis of body fluid volume regulation: implications for cardiac failure and cirrhosis.

Body fluid volume regulation is critically important in maintaining life. In this paper, we review our unifying hypothesis of body fluid volume regulation, which maintains arterial circulatory integrity in health and disease. The integrity of the arterial circulation, as determined by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, is the predominant determinant of renal sodium and water retention. Arterial circulatory integrity can be disturbed either by a decrease in cardiac output, as in low-output cardiac failure, or by a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, as in high-output states such as high-output cardiac failure and cirrhosis. The resulting arterial underfilling is sensed by baroreceptors that are located in the left ventricle, the aortic arch, the carotid sinus and the renal afferent arterioles. Decreased activation of these receptors during arterial underfilling leads to neurohumoral compensatory responses, which include the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the non-osmotic release of vasopressin. These compensatory responses maintain arterial circulatory integrity by increasing peripheral and renal arterial vascular resistance together with renal sodium and water retention. However, over the long term, these adaptive responses may have detrimental effects, such as pulmonary congestion, increased myocardial demand, increased cardiac afterload, ascites and hyponatremia. The intensity of the neurohumoral responses correlates with the progression and severity of both cardiac failure and cirrhosis. The understanding of the pathogenesis of sodium and water retention in cardiac failure and cirrhosis has led to therapies that favorably affect the morbidity and mortality of these patients.

Blood Circulation↗