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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 1,603 records · Page 89Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Position of The Canadian Dietetic Association and The American Dietetic Association: nutrition intervention in the care of persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

The goals of nutrition intervention in HIV disease include early assessment and treatment of nutrient deficiencies, the maintenance and restoration of lean body mass, and support for activities of daily living and quality of life. The maintenance and restoration of nutritional stores is closely interrelated and interdependent with each of the other recommended medical therapies. Therefore, it is vital to the health of persons with HIV/AIDS to have access to the services of a registered dietitian, who is the essential member of the health care team for providing nutrition care (48). The registered dietitian should take an active role in developing nutrition care protocols for HIV/AIDS in their practice setting. The dietetic professional must take responsibility for obtaining and maintaining current knowledge in this area and take the lead in translating current nutrition knowledge and research into practical and realistic nutrition guidelines for the individual with HIV/AIDS. Further research is needed in the area of HIV/AIDS and nutrition. Registered dietitians and other members of the health care team are encouraged to conduct nutrition research in the area of nutrition interventions and outcomes of nutrition therapy. Additionally, government health related agencies, national AIDS-related organizations, and private industry should be encouraged to provide funding sources and support to the issue of research in nutrition related problems and interventions in HIV/AIDS.

Canada↗
PubMed1991

Computer applications in quality assurance.

To tackle the present and future demands of the health care system, a coordinated effort of science and technology is necessary. The information age is upon us, and the medical community desperately needs the assistance of the new tools technology has provided. The application of personal computers and information databases holds much promise for health care.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
PubMed1999

Tools for precision enhancement in minimally invasive cardiac surgery: three dimensional visualization, computer enhancement and robotics.

This article is a current update of the rationale for development of new enabling technologies in minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Specifically the potential advantages of three dimensional visualization, computer enhancement technology and robotics in performance of totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafts will be addressed.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1999

Robotics and systems technology for advanced endoscopic procedures: experiences in general surgery.

The advent of endoscopic techniques changed surgery in many regards. This paper intends to describe an overview about technologies to facilitate endoscopic surgery. The systems described have been developed for the use in general surgery, but an easy application also in the field of cardiac surgery seems realistic. The introduction of system technology and robotic technology enables today to design a highly ergonomic solo-surgery platform. To relief the surgeon from fatigue we developed a new chair dedicated to the functional needs of endoscopic surgery. The foot pedals for high frequency, suction and irrigation are integrated into the basis of the chair. The chair is driven by electric motors controlled with an additional foot pedal joystick to achieve the desired position in the OR. A major enhancement for endoscopic technology is the introduction of robotic technology to design assisting devices for solo-surgery and manipulators for microsurgical instrumentation. A further step in the employment of robotic technology is the design of 'master-slave manipulators' to provide the surgeon with additional degrees of freedom of instrumentation. In 1996 a first prototype of an endoscopic manipulator system. named ARTEMIS, could be used in experimental applications. The system consists of a user station (master) and an instrument station (slave). The surgeon sits at a console which integrates endoscopic monitors, communication facilities and two master devices to control the two slave arms which are mounted to the operating table. Clinical use of the system, however, will require further development in the area of slave mechanics and the control system. Finally the implementation of telecommunication technology in combination with robotic instruments will open new frontiers, such as teleconsulting, teleassistance and telemanipulation.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2000

Electronic access to military/uniformed services nursing research.

The Graduate School of Nursing of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, with the help of Cinahl Information Systems, has created a virtual electronic military/uniformed services nursing research (EMUSNR) database. This database is an integral component of the newly created specific interest category for military and uniformed services, which will tag all their documents in the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature database. The virtual research database will allow easy access to military/uniformed services nursing research documents completed by students at the Graduate School of Nursing and final reports of the TriService Nursing Research Program. The EMUSNR offers electronic searching and retrieval of citations to the nursing research documents. The citations will be fully indexed, consisting of an informative abstract, unique subject headings, cited references, and other research concepts. Individuals both in and out of the military and uniformed services around the world will benefit from this new resource.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed2000

Genomics and proteomics tools for the clinic.

The sequencing of the human genome was only made possible by the massively parallel use of automated high-throughput technologies. These technologies have required the development and interfacing of new hardware and software in a way which would have been hardly conceivable only ten years ago. As a consequence, an unbroken trend to more 'industrialized science' is apparent. The wealth of information generated by intensive sequencing efforts is now being further exploited by using complex tools to comprehensively analyze complex systems at the DNA, RNA and protein level. A landmark innovation was the introduction of the biochip principle, best exemplified with the development of the DNA chip, mainly used for RNA expression profiling. The chip principle, together with miniaturization, has now become the dominating theme for a number of new genomics and proteomics technologies, culminating in the lab-on-a-chip concept which, in the next five to ten years, could advance at a comparable rate to that of computers over the last 50 years. Some of the new technologies are already used for comprehensive analysis of clinical samples in an attempt to describe disease and disease risk at the molecular level. However, all of these technologies are far from routine in clinical use and it is also too early to decide whether molecular fingerprints or signature profiles will have the diagnostic and prognostic power currently predicted.

Gene Expression Profiling↗
PubMed2001

Scientific certainty: research versus forensic perspectives.

The scientific community and the judicial system are different components of society with different structures and functions. Nevertheless, science can contribute relevant and useful information to judicial deliberations if the inherent limitations of that information are understood. These limitations stem from the way the information is presented and perceived both by those who are providing it and those who are providing the context in which it is presented.

Conflict of Interest↗
PubMed2001

Trocar site recurrence in laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. Myth or real concern?

Despite extensive research efforts, the incidence of wound recurrence and its causes are unknown. The data reviewed in this article suggest [table: see text] that the actual rate of port-site metastasis is much lower than initially reported. Thus port-site metastasis may not be an inherent detriment of laparoscopic colectomy, but rather an unfortunate sequelae of the learning curve of the application of laparoscopy for colorectal cancer. However, the learning curve may not be easily conquered for the average general surgeon in the United States who performs six to seven colorectal resections annually. The learning curve for laparoscopic colorectal surgery has been estimated to range from 20 to 70 cases. Thus, it is intuitive that the average general surgeon in the United States may never be able to conquer these technically challenging procedures. Even in a high volume practice, some patients will be operated on within the early experience thus being placed at higher risk of this complication. Clearly, a special informed consent is needed to alert patients to the existence of this complication, the individual surgeon's experience, and the preventative measures being employed to prevent it. In the interim, the safest approach is only to offer laparoscopic colorectal resections for attempted cure of carcinoma within prospectively randomized, externally monitored, peer-reviewed trials. The final results of the large randomized prospective studies which are currently underway, and information drawn from the continuous basic science efforts, will hopefully solve these questions in the near future.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Are beta2-agonists effective treatment for acute bronchitis or acute cough in patients without underlying pulmonary disease? A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine whether beta2-agonists improve the symptoms of acute bronchitis or acute cough in patients who do not have underlying pulmonary disease. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a systematic review including meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: We included randomized controlled trials comparing beta2-agonists with placebo or alternative therapies identified from the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, conference proceedings, Science Citation Index, the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe, and letters to manufacturers of beta2-agonists. OUTCOMES MEASURED: We measured duration, persistence, severity or frequency of cough, productive cough, and night cough; duration of activity limitations; and adverse effects. RESULTS: Two trials in children with cough and no obvious airway obstruction did not find any benefits from beta2-agonists. Five trials in adults with cough and with or without airway obstruction had mixed results, but summary statistics did not reveal any significant benefits from beta2-agonists. Studies that enrolled more wheezing patients were more likely to show benefits from beta2-agonists, and in one study only patients with evidence of airflow limitation were more likely to benefit. Patients given beta2-agonists were more likely to report tremor, shakiness, or nervousness than those in the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence to support using beta2-agonists in children with acute cough and no evidence of airflow obstruction. There is little evidence that the routine use of beta2-agonists for adults with acute cough is helpful. These agents may reduce symptoms, including cough, in patients with evidence of airflow obstruction, but this potential benefit is not well-supported by the available data and must be weighed against the adverse effects associated with beta2-agonists.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

The Twin Cities biomedical consortium.

Twenty-eight health science libraries in the St. Paul-Minneapolis area formed the Twin Cities Biomedical Consortium with the intention of developing a strong network of biomedical libraries in the Twin Cities area. Toward this end, programs were designed to strengthen lines of communication and increase cooperation among local health science libraries; improve access to biomedical information at the local level; and enable the Consortium, as a group, to meet an increasing proportion of its members' needs for biomedical information. Presently, the TCBC comprises libraries in twenty-two hospitals, two county medical societies, one school of nursing, one junior college, and two private corporations.

Information Services↗
PubMed2001

The scientific basis for stopping polio immunisation--issues and challenges.

Eradication of polio is in sight. Once this is finally achieved there is general agreement that the world should move from the current policy of universal childhood immunisation, mostly with the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), to no immunisation. The challenge ahead is to build consensus on how and when this is achieved. The major area of scientific uncertainty is whether OPV-derived strains excreted by vaccinees will establish chains of transmission in communities, especially in settings of poor hygiene, when population immunity levels begin to fall after immunisation ceases. Evidence from several sources suggests that this may not occur. Most convincing are studies that show polioviruses are not detected beyond three months after mass OPV campaigns in at least two countries that only use OPV in this way. However it is clear that there are significant gaps in our knowledge. These include the transmissibility of OPV-derived strains under certain ecological settings, the potential for persistently infected individuals to re-seed viruses into a community, and the molecular basis of transmissibility. Research in these areas is underway and will help develop and refine strategies for stopping polio immunisation. The potential risks and benefits of ceasing polio immunisation are such that the best available science is required to reach an informed decision.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Future of medical knowledge management and decision support.

Attempts to predict the future are typically off the mark. Beyond the challenges of forecasting the stock market or the weather, dramatic instances of notoriously inaccurate prognostications have been those by the US patent office in the late 1800s about the future of inventions, by Thomas Watson in the 1930s about the market for large computers, and by Bill Gates in the early 1990s about the significance of the Internet. When one seeks to make predictions about health care, one finds that, beyond the usual uncertainties regarding the future, additional impediments to forecasting are the discontinuities introduced by advances in biomedical science and technology, the impact of information technology, and the reorganizations and realignments attending various approaches to health care delivery and finance. Changes in all three contributing areas themselves can be measured in "PSPYs", or paradigm shifts per year. Despite these risks in forecasting, I believe that certain trends are sufficiently clear that I am willing to venture a few predictions. Further, the predictions I wish to make suggest a goal for the future that can be achieved, if we can align the prevailing political, financial, biomedical, and technical forces toward that end. Thus, in a sense this is a call to action, to shape the future rather than just let it happen. This chapter seeks to lay out the direction we are heading in knowledge management and decision support, and to delineate an information technology framework that appears desirable. I believe the framework to be discussed is of importance to the health care-related knowledge management and decision making activities of the consumer and patient, the health care provider, and health care delivery organizations and insurers. The approach is also relevant to the other dimensions of academic health care institution activities, notably the conduct of research and the processes of education and learning.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2001

Disseminating nutrition research findings to health professionals.

Good nutrition is the basis of good health and poor nutrition is directly linked with certain illnesses, such as heart disease. A great deal of research on nutrition is carried out every year, but little may actually be read by health staff. A project aimed at ensuring that the latest information reaches those who need it is now running in 24 European countries.

Europe↗
PubMed1996

Population geography.

"This is the last of three reports discussing major avenues of progress in the alleviation of population geography's poor reputation. The first examined the route of policy-relevant research, the second considered the importance of sound scholarship and, as promised, this report will explore the part that can be played by improved communication and dissemination of our work...."

Communication↗