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PubMed2006

Perceived barriers for ethnically diverse students in nursing programs.

This qualitative research study examined the perceived barriers and factors that hindered or facilitated ethnically diverse students' completing their nursing education. It builds on a large qualitative study conducted by Yoder in 1996, describing the processes nurse educators use when teaching ethnically diverse students and the perceived special needs of these students. Seventeen recently graduated ethnic minority RNs in Central Coastal California were interviewed using an open-ended questionnaire. These nurses represented Latino, Portuguese, Asian, and African-American population groups. Grounded theory methodology was used for data analysis. The findings identified the needs and barriers that ethnically diverse nursing students may encounter while completing their nursing education. In addition, data revealed supportive factors that helped these students cope with the barriers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Therapeutic management of helping boundaries.

A therapeutic nurse-patient relationship is based upon the effective management of professional practice boundaries. Boundary violations may be difficult to detect and manage because they often are subtle and driven by one's own needs. Early detection and response is critical to preventing boundary relaxation and violation. Self-assessment is an important aspect of boundary management. Identification of vulnerability to boundary violation may assist the nurse in determining the need for supervision or consultation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Trauma junkie: taking charge of my survival.

1. Nurses face the threat of violence daily. 2. Awareness of your individual responses to violent behavior may help you survive a critical incident. 3. Deliberately enrich and balance your personal, work, and spiritual life to enhance both your quality of life and your ability to resist the negative effects of stress.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed2005

Mid-life widows' narratives of support and non-support.

1. People who simply listened and did not try to give unsolicited advice or control the conversation were perceived by mid-life widows as "supportive listeners." 2. Nurses are in pivotal roles to educate and influence others about the grieving process. 3. Nurses can serve as advocates for widows in using, and teaching others to use, therapeutic communication. 4. Each widow's experience and grieving trajectory is unique.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Moving toward recovery within clients' personal narratives: directions for a recovery-focused therapy.

Recent literature emphasizes that recovery from schizophrenia involves recovery within one's own narrative of an integral sense of identity, agency, social connection, and worth. While this is intuitively appealing and consistent with a wide range of literature, it raises the issue of how to best help people do this in individual psychotherapy. In this article, we explore how psychotherapy might help people construct new narratives or storied understandings of their lives and thereby promote recovery from schizophrenia. Exemplified with two individual examples, we first discuss the barriers that challenge and the techniques that help psychotherapists seeking to enter into dialogue with people with severe mental illness. We also offer a theoretical model of how the revitalization of dialogues within therapy can be conceptualized as a process that promotes recovery and discuss the objective measurement of such outcomes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

The quality of caring.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

The experience of mothers caring for their teenage daughters' young children.

The purpose of this study was firstly to explore and describe the experiences of mothers who are looking after their teenage daughters' young children. Secondly, to formulate guidelines (based on the results obtained) for psychiatric nurses in assisting these mothers to mobilise resources in order to promote, maintain and restore their mental health as an integral part of health. An exploratory, descriptive, contextual and qualitative design was used and Guba's model for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research was applied. The phenomenological approach was used to collect and analyse data from a sample of seven respondents who were purposively selected. Three independent themes emerged from the analysis of results: Meaning of the parenting role, life-style changes and support systems. The results further show that for these mothers the problem of teenage pregnancy and parenthood ends up being their problem. Their experiences in looking after these babies, although sometimes fulfilling and meaningful, are most of the time stressful. This has implications on their mental health. Guidelines are recommended in order to facilitate these mothers to mobilise their resources for mental health.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Maintaining compliance at home: helping the elderly with their medications.

The elderly population consumes more drugs for their chronic conditions compared to any age group. In this study it was indicated that the average elderly takes two to four drugs per day. The high quantity and wide range of drugs used by the elderly can lead to significant risks. Adding to the risks is the problem of compliance. Areas of concern regarding safety in administering medications to the elderly are the need for increased awareness of the effects of drugs in their systems.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Facilitation skills for nurses.

Using the person-centered approach, facilitation in this study was conceptualised as providing opportunities for personal growth in the patient, and operationalised in a skills workshop for 40 nurses from different hospitals in Gauteng. The first objective was to evaluate the workshop and the second to ascertain its effect on the participant's experienced performance. A combined quantitative and qualitative research design was used. The quantitative measurement (Personal Orientation Inventory, Carkhuff scales) indicated that the workshop stimulated self-actualisation in terms of intrapersonal awareness, and the interpersonal skills of respect, realness, concreteness, empathy, as well as in terms of attending and responding behaviour. The qualitative measurement (a semi-structured interview) indicated that the participants were able to empower patients to find their own answers to difficult personal questions. The alternative hypothesis was accepted, namely that this workshop in facilitations skills significantly enhanced the intra- and interpersonal characteristics associated with self-actualisation and the facilitation of growth in patients. The findings highlighted the difference between the two roles of instructor and facilitator, and recommendations to this effect were formulated.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The perceptions of nurses in a district health system in KwaZulu-Natal of their supervision, self-esteem and job satisfaction.

BACKGROUND: Supervision has been identified as a major issue in quality of care. Although increasing attention is being given to supervision in the District Health System, there have been no studies describing the current situation. This article describes a survey done in two health districts in KwaZulu-Natal involving 319 nurses from all types of government health care settings. METHODS: This was a quantitative descriptive study that described the current supervision, job satisfaction and self-esteem in two (2) health districts, that is the Ugu and the uThukela health districts. The three variables were described using a mailed questionnaire. A total 319 nurses participated in this study. RESULTS: The majority of the nurses (53%) felt that positive supervision behaviours listed in a rating scale, occurred never or seldom. The average self-esteem score was very positive (83%), and the average job satisfaction score was 60%. Nurses were most satisfied with the factor reflecting "personal satisfaction about their contribution to the work" (72%) and the least satisfaction with the factor that has to do with "pay and prospects" (50%). While there was no relationship between any of the demographic variables and supervision, there was a low but significant relationship between supervision and job-satisfaction. A significant relationship was also found between the personal satisfaction factor of job satisfaction and self-esteem. CONCLUSION: As nurses form the backbone of the health services, it is incumbent that health service managers safeguard the nursing workforce. Targeted strategies are necessary to ensure retention of the nurses for the health care of the South African population.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Critical thinking of student nurses during clinical accompaniment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the methods of clinical accompaniment used by clinical facilitators in practice. The findings of the study also reflected facilitators' perceptions regarding critical thinking and the facilitation thereof. A quantitative research design was used. A literature study was conducted to identify the methods of accompaniment that facilitate critical thinking. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire developed for that purpose. Making a content-related validity judgment, and involving seven clinical facilitators in an academic institution, ensured the validity of the questionnaire. The results of the study indicated that various clinical methods of accompaniment were used. To a large extent, these methods correlated with those discussed in the literature review. The researcher further concluded that the concepts 'critical thinking' and 'facilitation' were not interpreted correctly by the respondents, and would therefore not be implemented in a proper manner in nursing practice. Furthermore, it seemed evident that tutor-driven learning realised more often than student-driven learning. In this regard, the requirement of outcomes-based education was not satisfied. The researcher is therefore of the opinion that a practical programme for the development of critical thinking skills during clinical accompaniment must be developed within the framework of outcomes-based education.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Women's experience of termination of a pregnancy.

In November 1996 the Act on the Termination of Pregnancies (no 92 of 1996) was promulgated. This Act enabled women from the age of twelve years old to decide to terminate their pregnancies before twelve weeks gestation without permission of anybody else. Since February 1997 almost 160 000 terminations of pregnancy have been carried out in South Africa. Little research has been conducted to explore and describe the effect of the termination of pregnancies on women Two aims were formulated for the research project described in this article: (1) the exploration and description of the women's experience of terminating a pregnancy, and (2) the description of counselling guidelines for caring professionals to assist these women. Participants were included in the sample through purposive sampling. Phenomenological interviews were conducted individually. Data were analysed by means of Tesch's descriptive approach. Counselling guidelines for educational psychologists and other caring professionals to empower the involved were being logically inferred from the results of the interviews. Measures to ensure trustworthiness have been applied in the research and ethical measures have been strictly adhered to during the research. One central theme was identified from the results of the interviews and naïve sketches, namely women's experiences of a negative relationship with themselves and other persons as well as their focus on their terminated pregnancies.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed2006

Facilitation as a teaching strategy : experiences of facilitators.

Changes in nursing education involve the move from traditional teaching approaches that are teacher-centred to facilitation, a student centred approach. The student-centred approach is based on a philosophy of teaching and learning that puts the learner on centre-stage. The aim of this study was to identify the challenges of facilitators of learning using facilitation as a teaching method and recommend strategies for their (facilitators) development and support. A qualitative, explorative and contextual design was used. Four (4) universities in South Africa which utilize facilitation as a teaching/ learning process were identified and the facilitators were selected to be the sample of the study. The main question posed during in-depth group interviews was: How do you experience facilitation as a teaching/learning method?. Facilitators indicated different experiences and emotions when they first had to facilitate learning. All of them indicated that it was difficult to facilitate at the beginning as they were trained to lecture and that no format for facilitation was available. They experienced frustrations and anxieties as a result. The lack of knowledge of facilitation instilled fear in them. However they indicated that facilitation had many benefits for them and for the students. Amongst the ones mentioned were personal and professional growth. Challenges mentioned were the fear that they waste time and that they do not cover the content. It is therefore important that facilitation be included in the training of nurse educators.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

[Relative weight of the recipient's benefits and the donor's costs in determining the magnitude of indebtedness].

Greenberg (1980) proposed that the magnitude of indebtedness (I) was a function of the recipient's benefits (B) from the aid attempt plus the donor's costs (C). This relationship is expressed by the equation I = x1B + x2C, x1 greater than x2, where x1 and x2 are empirically determined weights. The present study examined the validity of this equation. The subjects, 272 university students, were asked to place themselves in the role of a hypothetical student confronted with each of 32 different situations in which the student needed some aid from others, and to answer a series of questions regarding their reactions. A multiple regression analysis validated the equation in 23 out of the 32 situations. In situations in which the outcome of the aid attempt was successful with low cost for the donor, there was a tendency for the subjects to estimate x1 to be smaller than x2(x1 less than x2).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alleviating gender role strain in adult men with traumatic brain injury: an evaluation of a set of guidelines for occupational therapy.

OBJECTIVE: A set of guidelines to assist men with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to alleviate gender role strain was assessed to determine its effectiveness and acceptability to participants. METHOD: Four adult male participants with TBI received the intervention (the set of guidelines) for 4 months. The intervention consisted of rebuilding self-identified gendered social roles and activities. Focused interviews and participant observation were used to determine whether gender role strain changed after intervention. RESULTS: The participants reported that the intervention enabled them to (a) enhance their gender role satisfaction through newly rebuilt roles and activities, (b) attain certain long-held personal goals, (c) feel more like members of society, (d) perceive a greater congruency between their internal self-images and external postinjury roles, (e) learn more about personal skills and values as men, (f) feel more comfortable using help-seeking behaviors, (g) feel a sense of shared experience and affinity, (h) feel more understood and accepted, and (i) contribute to others through community member roles. DISCUSSION: The set of guidelines for alleviating gender role strain was effective in assisting these participants to enhance their gender role satisfaction through rebuilding desired male-gendered social roles and activities. Dating, courtship, extended family member, community member, friend, and mentor-protege roles, lost as a result of TBI, were rebuilt through gender-neutral activities that facilitated a sense of volitional control, competency, and normalcy. Nonetheless, the men continued to lack desired rites of passage leading from male adolescence to adulthood.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The impact of elder care on women's labor supply.

Adult daughters traditionally have served as primary caregivers for frail unmarried adults, but the levels of care they have provided in the past may interfere with their growing work responsibilities. This paper examines the impact of time transfers to elderly parents on labor supply at midlife. Using a sample of women ages 55 to 67 in the Health and Retirement Study, we estimate panel data models of annual hours of paid work controlling for the endogeneity of time assistance to parents. The results indicate that time help to parents strongly reduces female labor supply at midlife.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

'Here and now' focused counselling: a model for nurses.

Nurses refrain from engaging in spontaneous, opportunistic counselling interactions for many reasons. However, the culture within clinical environments is a significant factor. To enact relational aspects of their role in clinical settings nurses need beliefs and values that are congruent with communication skills and compatible for use in a culture that favours physical over the phenomenological care. A counselling model designed to help nurses facilitate subjective exploration, help patients manage immediately distressing experiences and specific to the needs of nurses working in general clinical environments is detailed. Divided into three stages, this paper describes the goal, focus, process, skills and examples of each stage.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The challenges of caring for families of the terminally ill: nurses' lived experience.

Caring for families of the terminally ill is an important aspect of nursing care as nurses are considered the main health care professionals who are closest to families. This paper describes the experience of seven registered nurses caring for families of the terminally ill in Western Australia. Five of the nurses worked in an acute area at a public hospital; the other two nurses worked at long-term care settings at a private hospital. Descriptive phenomenology as described by Husserl (1970) was used to describe and explore nurses' lived experience. Data were collected through in depth interviews and analysed using the Colaizzi method. Four major themes are reported in this paper: 1) walking a journey together; 2) dealing with intense emotions; 3) working as a team; and 4) balancing the dimension of care. Nurses' lived experiences of caring for families of terminally ill patients revealed that nurses are confronted by families' emotions and at the same time needed to manage their own emotions. The findings further indicated that nurses play a significant role in caring for families of the terminally ill. The family's fear of losing their loved ones often resulted in conflicts, which required extra time from nurses. Moreover, some of the major barriers identified were time constraints and excessive workloads. Finally, some implications of the findings for registered nurses are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗