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At least 1,603 records · Page 89Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Galantamine: new preparation. The fourth cholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease.

(1) The reference symptomatic treatment for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease is a cholinesterase inhibitor such as donepezil, but efficacy is only moderate and only about 10% of those patients treated actually benefit. (2) Galantamine is the fourth cholinesterase inhibitor to be marketed in France for Alzheimer's disease. The clinical file contains data from five double-blind placebo-controlled trials lasting 3-6 months, but no data comparing galantamine with other drugs. (3) These trials show that about 5-13% of patients treated with galantamine may be improved. (4) Adverse effects are very frequent, and are similar to those of other cholinesterase inhibitors, i.e. nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, etc. (5) For patients who are eligible for drug therapy, the reference treatment is still donepezil, for want of anything better.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed2001

Caregivers' utilization of health services: results from the Medicare Alzheimer's Disease Demonstration, Illinois site.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the Medicare Alzheimer's Disease Demonstration and Evaluation (MADDE) conducted in Illinois on the use of health services and Medicare expenditures by caregivers of persons with dementia. DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical trial. SETTING: The MADDE (1989-1994), Illinois site. PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of 412 Medicare-eligible caregivers of persons with dementia. MEASUREMENTS: Medicare claims files provided data on the number of hospitalizations, hospital bed days, emergency department visits, and total Medicare Part A expenditures. RESULTS: After adjustment for baseline variables, the caregivers in the treatment group, when compared with those in the comparison group, had a lower likelihood of any hospitalization during the study period (odds ratio 0.58 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.35-0.97), P= .037) and a reduced, but not significant, likelihood of emergency department use (odds ratio 0.66 (95% CI=0.40-1.08), P= .095). For those who were hospitalized, there were no significant differences between the treatment and comparison group caregivers in the number of hospitalizations, hospital length of stay, or Medicare payments. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that enhanced chronic illness case management directed at persons with dementia and their caregivers can reduce the need for acute hospital care.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Analyses of public use decennial census data with multiply imputed industry and occupation codes.

"This paper gives a brief introduction to multiple imputation for handling non-response in surveys. We then describe a recently completed project in which multiple imputation was used to recalibrate industry and occupation codes in 1970 U.S. census public use samples to the 1980 standard. Using analyses of data from the project, we examine the utility of analysing a large data set having imputed values compared with analysing a small data set having true values, and we provide examples of the amount by which variability is underestimated by using just one imputation rather than multiple imputations."

Americas↗
PubMed1993

The British household panel study.

"With the release of the first wave, The British Household Panel Survey is now available from the Archive. The article below is intended to provide an overview of the subject coverage of the British Household Panel Survey, give some idea of the analysis potential of the data, and outline the further dissemination plans for the data."

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Proposal for Latin America of an algorithm for the management of agitated patients with olanzapine and its switch to oral administration].

Behavioral emergencies are a common and serious problem. However, partly because of the inherent dangers of this situation, there is little research to guide the clinical responses to this challenge. The traditionally accepted treatment for such patients involves the use of a typical antipsychotic and a benzodiazepine. Beside the atypical antipsychotics side-effects profile, the utility of this medications in the emergency setting has been relatively unexplored. The recent availability of rapidly dissolving tablets and intramuscular preparations of some atypical agents has provided useful alternatives in some cases. Not less important is the transition to the continuation and maintenance periods. The increased risk of relapses during the transition from acute treatment is one of the most common reasons for the prolonged use of higher doses of typical antipsychotics during the management of the acute episode, and is also a very important limitating factor to release the patient from the institutional (inpatient) services. Those higher doses expose the patient to potential dangerous side effects like acute dystonia, akathisia, ataxia, ortostatic hypotension and cardiac arhytms. This article proposed an algorithm for the control of agitated patients with different preparations of olanzapine in Latin America, following the recommendations of the Eli Lilly Latin America Advisory Board and an extensive review of the literature and data on file of such company about olanzapine in the control of agitated patients and their transition to the maintenance phase.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

Demographic effects on the Trail Making Test in a drug abuse treatment sample.

Appreciation of the importance of screening for cognitive impairment among substance abusing populations has increased in recent years. In this article, demographic effects on the Trail Making Test (TMT), a test often used for screening for cognitive impairment, are examined in a sample of patients in drug abuse treatment programs. A sample of 5,619 males and 2,902 females was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic cohort study that collected data from 1991 to 1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the US. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of demographic variables on the two parts of the TMT in this large sample of patients. Consistent with previous research, demographic variables such as age, gender, education level, and ethnicity were statistically significantly related to both TMT Parts A and B. More importantly, however, the percentage of variance accounted for was quite small. These results suggest that, while clearly present, demographic effects on the TMT are weak.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Moderate arterial hypertension in pregnancy: therapeutic aspects].

The treatment of hypertension in pregnancy is justified by the need to reduce blood pressure in order to avoid the onset of preeclampsia, eclampsia, retarded intrauterine growth and even neonatal, perinatal and maternal death. The value of using drugs to treat slight-moderate hypertension in pregnancy is, however, not clearly defined in the literature. In fact, from an etiopathogenetic point of view, the significance of increased blood pressure in pregnancy has not yet been satisfactorily explained, and above all the positive significance of increased blood pressure not be forgotten since, up to diastolic levels of 90 mmHg, it is accompanied by an increase in birth weight. The aim of the present study was to verify the efficacy of pharmacological treatment in cases of slight-moderate hypertension during pregnancy in a population of 121 pregnant women attending the Obstetrics-Gynecological Clinic of the "Istituto per l'Infanzia" in Trieste during the period from 14-11-1984 to 24-4-1991. Data for this retrospective study were extrapolated from an analysis of medical records and then memorized in a data-base file. The degree of hypertension was classified as slight, moderate and severe according to blood pressure levels measured on hospitalisation. Clinical signs taken into account included: edema, proteinuria and hypoprotidemia. Anti-hypertensive therapy was selected between one or more associated drugs belonging to the following classes: central action and peripheral action anti-adrenergic drugs, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators, diuretics, ACE-inhibitors and sedatives. Moreover, patients also received non-pharmacological treatment in the form of low sodium diets and bed-rest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the impact of emissions from the oil-refining plants on human health].

The entry of complexes of organic compounds, the components of the emissions from petrochemical and oil-refining plants into the environment leads to its quality and can have an adverse impact on the health status of the population in the area adjacent to the petrochemical plant. This paper deals with the formation of an evidence base for evaluating the etiopathogenetic role of the chemical components of emissions from a petrochemical plant in the development of diseases in the population under environmental conditions. The files of data accumulated in the period of 1994-2001 were analytically generalized in the electron database in accordance with the content of the priority chemical components of emissions in the body of 250 children living in the industrial area where the study plant is situated. The estimation of the level and time course of changes in toxicants in the blood of children identified health indicators to optimize monitoring and to evaluate the efficiency of environment-protective and therapeutic-and-prophylactic programs. The findings suggest that the elevated level of some organic compounds that exert a polytropic toxic effect on the vital organs and systems is a risk factor for diseases and requires a systemic monitoring.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1992

Disabled SSI recipients who work.

A substantial working history is not a characteristic normally associated with recipients of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) payments. Yet nearly 80 percent of all SSI disabled recipients have worked before applying for SSI and 20 percent work after they start receiving SSI payments. This study takes a look at various facets of the work histories of disabled SSI recipients, including the amount and types of work done, and the types of recipients who seem most likely to work. Information on these histories was obtained from a 1-percent sample file cross-matched to SSI administrative records and other agency files containing data on employment histories and industry codes. Also discussed are the implications that these work histories have for efforts by the Social Security Administration to encourage SSI disabled recipients to begin or resume work.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

New concepts and technologies in home care and ambulatory monitoring.

The world is becoming more and more health conscious. Society, health policy and patients' needs are all changing dramatically. The challenges society is currently facing are related to the increase in the aging population, changes in lifestyle, the need for healthcare cost containment and the need for improvement and monitoring of healthcare quality. The emphasis is put on prevention rather than on treatment. In addition, patients and health consumers are waiting for non-invasive or minimally-invasive diagnosis and treatment methods, for home care, short stays in hospital, enhancement of rehabilitation, information and involvement in their own treatment. Progress in science and technology offers, today, miniaturization, speed, intelligence, sophistication and new materials at lower cost. In this new landscape, microtechnologies, information technologies and telecommunications are key factors. Telemedicine has also evolved. Used initially to exchange patients' files, radiographic data and other information between health providers, today telemedicine contributes to new trends in "hospital extension" through all-day monitoring of vital signs, professional activities, entertainment and home-based activities. The new possibilities for home care and ambulatory monitoring are provided at 4 levels: a) Microsensors. Microtechnologies offer the possibility of small size, but also of intelligent, active devices, working with low energy, wireless and non-invasive or minimally-invasive; b) Wrist devices are particularly user friendly and combine sensors, circuits, supply, display and wireless transmission in a single box, very convenient for common physical activities; c) Health smart clothes make contact with 90 % of the skin and offer many possibilities for the location of sensors. These sensors have to be thin, flexible and compatible with textiles, or made using textile technologies, such as new fibers with specific (mechanical, electrical and optical) properties; d) Health smart homes. The aim of this method is to improve the patient's living conditions and to avoid the cost of long hospitalization. "Exosensors" are used for measurement of the activity and behavior of the patient. The field of applications is very large, e.g. continuous monitoring of elderly populations, professional and military activities, athletes performance and condition, and people with disabilities. This new healthcare approach has to take into account lifestyle for improving prevention. For the patient to be more and more involved in his/her own therapy, new responsibilities and ethics have to be defined. A "societal health education" has to be provided to physicians and to patients to get all the benefits of this new context.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2005

Creating computer aided 3D model of spleen and kidney based on Visible Human Project.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of computer aided 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique on visualization and modeling of gross anatomical structures with an affordable methodology applied on the spleen and kidney. METHODS: From The Visible Human Project Dataset cryosection images, developed by the National Library of Medicine, the spleen and kidney sections were preferred to be used due to their highly distinct contours. The software used for the reconstruction were SurfDriver 3.5.3 for Mac and Cinema 4D XL version 7.1 for Mac OS X. This study was carried out in May 2004 at the Department of Anatomy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. RESULTS: As a result of this study, it is determined that these 2 programs could be effectively used both for 3D modeling of the mentioned organs and volumetric analyses on these models. It is also seen that it is possible to hold the physical models of these gross anatomical digital ones with stereolithography technique by means of the data exchange file format provided by the program and present such images as anaglyph. CONCLUSION: SurfDriver 3.5.3 for Mac OS and Cinema 4 DXL version 7.1 for Mac OS X can be used effectively for reconstruction of gross anatomical structures from serial parallel sections with distinct contours such as spleen and kidney and the animation of models. These software constitute a highly effective way of getting volumetric calculations, spatial relations and morphometrical measurements of reconstructed structures.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2005

[A revised scheme for LeFort classification of upper jaw fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To put forward a revised scheme on LeFort classification for the upper jaw fractures. METHODS: 193 consecutive cases with the primary diagnoses of upper jaw fractures were involved in this study, for each one of which water's and CT scan were available to decide the fracture site and pattern. Data were filed in term of classification items as LeFort I, II and III fracture, as well as sagittal fracture and alveolar fracture. Statistical analysis was done to validate the meliorating thought on and revised scheme on LeFort classification. RESULTS: It was validated that of 185 cases with upper jaw fractures only 30.81% which presented single-line fracture and 34.06% which presented multiple-line fracture were covered with LeFort classification. Additional 13.51% with single-line fracture and 21.61% with multiple-line fracture could be included when LeFort classification was extended with increase of items of sagittal fracture and alveolar fracture. Further results revealed that among total 344 sites or fracture lines included in 193 cases, 81.10% could be diagnosed fracture pattern of LeFort classification. Of 65 fracture sites presenting LeFort III type, 92.31% were concomitant with LeFort II type or LeFort I and II type, very few being alone. CONCLUSIONS: A revised classification was proposeded that upper jaw fractures could be classified into four types as follows: (1) high horizontal fracture (corresponding to LeFort II and III type), (2) low horizontal fracture (corresponding to LeFort I type), (3) sagittal fracture (including midline and para-midline fracture) and (4) alveolar fracture.

Adolescent↗