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PubMed1986

Evaluation of cross-reactions in Histoplasma capsulatum serologic tests.

Cross-reactivity in Histoplasma serologic tests was evaluated by using sera from patients with histoplasmosis and other infections. Serum samples from 127 of 134 (95%) patients with histoplasmosis were judged positive by complement fixation tests, and 121 (90%) showed H bands, M bands, or both by immunodiffusion. Of these 134 patients, cross-reactions were seen to Blastomyces dermatitidis in 53 patients (40%), to Coccidioides immitis in 20 patients (16%), and to Aspergillus fumigatus in 3 patients (2%) by complement fixation. Serum samples from 5 of 99 patients (5%) with other fungal infections and from 5 of 46 patients (11%) with tuberculosis had M precipitin bands by the Histoplasma immunodiffusion test, whereas none of the 123 sera from patients with other bacterial, Mycoplasma, or viral infections showed H or M precipitin bands. In the complement fixation test, positive reactions were observed in 16 of 90 patients (18%) with other fungal infections, in 14 of 41 patients (34%) with tuberculosis, and in 18 of 105 patients (17%) with other bacterial, Mycoplasma, or viral infections. Positive reactions were seen by radioimmunoassay in 54 of 110 patients (49%) with other fungal infections, in 23 of 46 patients (50%) with tuberculosis, and in 35 of 123 patients (28%) with with other bacterial, Mycoplasma, or viral infections. These results demonstrate a wider range of cross-reactions in Histoplasma serology than has been previously recognized, and the cross-reactivity was greatest when observed by radioimmunoassay. Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of serologic data from patients with suspected fungal infections.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative evaluation of different immunological technics for detection of HBsAg].

260 sera from healthy subjects and patients with various diseases (140 subjects with viral hepatitis during the acute stage, 30 with extra-hepatic diseases, 90 blood donors) were tested for HBsAg by the following methods: immunodiffusion according to Ouchterlony, counter-immunelectrophoresis, complement fixation test, passive hemagglutination test, radioimmunoassay. Radioimmunoassay proved to be the more sensitive method. However, the passive hemagglutination test for its simplicity and sensibility, represents the method of choice for screening large population.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1979

Serodiagnosis of ram epididymitis by counterimmunoelectrophoresis, using Brucella ovis surface R antigen.

The counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) technique was developed as a diagnostic procedure for ram epididymitis caused by Brucella ovis. CIE test results with sera from naturally and experimentally infected male sheep compared favorably with those obtained by gel diffusion and complement fixation employing the same B. ovis surface R antigen. The main advantage of CIE over gel diffusion consists in a significant reduction of the time required to detect precipitin formation, whereas both methods obviate several of the difficulties encountered with complement fixation tests for B. ovis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the determination of bacterial-specific antibodies within different immunoglobulin classes: application to bovine Brucella abortus antibodies.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for quantitation of class-specific antibodies against bacteria. Brucella abortus cells were used to sensitize glass tubes after sedimentation, drying and methanol fixation. Bovine antibodies that attached to the bacteria were detected by binding of a rabbit antiserum specific for each class or subclass of bovine immunoglobulins followed by binding of 125I sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin reagent. This three-step method was adapted as it was very sensitive (less than 0.3 picogram antibody/ml), gave the best discrimination between sample and background counts and elminated the need for several labeled rabbit anti-bovine immunoglobulin class-specific antisera. Parameters affecting quantitation of the assay were investigated: nature and preparation of the test tube, quantity and fixation of Brucella, temperature and incubation time, incubation volume, concentration of reagents. The RIA and the complement fixation test (CFT) were applied to sera obtained at repeated intervals from seven heifers experimentally infected with Brucella abortus during gestation. Rabbit antisera specific for bovine IgG1 were used in the RIA because of antibodies of this subclass are the predominant type implicated in the CFT. The kinetic of appearance of Brucella specific antibodies were very significantly correlated for the two tests (r = 0.056, P less than 0.01) demonstrating the validity of the proposed RIA. This test was 10,000 times more sensitive than CFT.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus L., and arboviruses in southeast France. Results of two serologic investigations].

Sera from 269 wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) trapped in 1985 and 1986 in Camargue and Vaucluse, France, were studied for antibody against 9 arboviruses. By inhibition haemagglutination test, positive reactions were found only against West-Nile (0.37%). By complement fixation test, antibodies were detected against Eyach (0.92%) and Tribec (0.46%). These results are discussed according to arboviruses isolated in France, to previous serosurveys in rabbits and other mammals and to potential vectors known to occur in France. Potential impact on rabbit population is also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

ELISA for detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 in human sera.

A rapid, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was applied to identify and measure specific IgG and IgM antibodies to herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). Detergent solubilized infected cells and mock-infected cells were used as antigens in the assay. Identification of type-specific antibodies was achieved by a competition assay in which clinical sera mixed with HSV-1 or HSV-2 antigens were assayed for reactivity to identical antigens coating wells of polystyrene microtiter plates. Reactivity and the specificity of the reactive immunoglobulin class was quantitated using biotinylated goat anti-IgG and biotinylated goat anti-IgM. Five paired sera from patients with diagnosed herpes simplex genital infections and one human anti-HSV-1 reference serum were tested with this assay and results were compared to results previously obtained using a complement fixation test and micro-SPRIA. The results indicate that the ELISA is a specific, sensitive and simple test which confirms the herpes simplex virus infection history of patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Comparative study of cell-immunoenzymatic methods for the estimation of IgG and IgM anti-Brucella antibodies in the diagnosis of human brucellosis.

Two methods which employ whole cells are described and compared for the detection of human IgG and IgM anti-brucella antibodies. Dot ELISA and ELISA were shown to be suitable for a screening diagnosis of human brucellosis. Titres of antibodies obtained by dot ELISA showed 100% coincidence for IgG and 97% for IgM, compared with agglutination and complement fixation tests; when ELISA was used 11% positive sera were not detected. The comparison of these two methods with the conventional serological test kit indicated that both dot ELISA and ELISA were sensitive, reproducible and specific for the quantification of IgG and IgM antibrucella antibodies.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1963

CONVERSION OF THE PHASE I ANTIGEN OF COXIELLA BURNETII TO HAPTEN BY PHENOL TREATMENT.

Anacker, R. L. (Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Mont.), W. T. Haskins, D. B. Lackman, E. Ribi, and E. G. Pickens. Conversion of the phase I antigen of Coxiella burnetii to hapten by phenol treatment. J. Bacteriol. 85:1165-1170. 1963.-Trichloroacetic acid extracts of Coxiella burnetii are converted to hapten by treatment with phenol. Such extracts react, like the original trichloroacetic acid extract, at high dilution in the complement-fixation test and produce zones of precipitate with specific antibody in gel diffusion tests; but, unlike the parent extract, injection of the phenol-treated extract neither induces resistance to challenge in guinea pigs nor antibody formation in guinea pigs, rabbits, or mice. This loss of antigenicity is correlated with removal of protein from the original product.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Intestinal Chlamydia in finishing pigs.

Gut and blood samples from 119 finishing pigs derived from 11 farms were collected during routine slaughter at an abattoir. Sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were labeled immunohistochemically using genus-specific, mouse monoclonal antibody against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide; goat polyclonal antiserum against the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis; and mouse monoclonal antibody against the ovine abortion subtype of C. psittaci. Gut samples from 33 of 111 (29.7%) individual pigs stained positive with the genus-specific monoclonal antibody, and of these 30 of 32 (93.7%) also reacted with the C. trachomatis-specific antiserum. Labeled inclusions were restricted to mature enterocytes of the large intestine in 33 of 111 cases. Infection of small intestinal enterocytes was noted in only one of 82 ileal samples. The blood samples were tested for antichlamydial antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and complement fixation test (CFT). With ELISA, 95 of the 115 sera tested (82.6%) yielded positive antichlamydial reactions. With CFT, 34 of the 119 sera tested (28.6%) were unequivocally positive (> or = 1:10, 100% binding), and 10 (7.6%) yielded doubtful positive reactions (1:10, 50-75% binding). Positive ELISA and CFT titers showed poor agreement (kappa = 0.112), whereas the agreement between positive findings by immunohistochemical labeling and CFT was fair (kappa = 0.205).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of long-acting oxytetracycline alone or combined with streptomycin in the treatment of bovine brucellosis.

Twenty-nine Brucella abortus culture-positive cows were treated with a long-acting oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg of body weight, IM) alone or combined with streptomycin (25 mg/kg, IM or IV) or were re-treated with the same product. There appeared to be a synergism by the 2 drugs. Of 21 courses of treatment with the combined antibiotics, 14 (67%) were considered successful. Only 3 of 14 (21%) were successful using oxytetracycline alone. The period from onset of therapy to cessation of shedding in udder secretions was variable. Four cows that ceased shedding were culture-positive in tissues taken at slaughter. The titers on tube agglutination and complement-fixation tests were of limited value in short-term evaluations of therapeutic regimens.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1981

Brucellosis in free-living African buffalo (Syncerus caffer): a serological survey.

The rose bengal and complement fixation tests were successfully applied to buffalo (Syncerus caffer) sera. An overall occurrence of 23% positive reactors was obtained, but Brucella infection does not appear to act as an effective culling agent in buffalo. Any eradication programme must take free-living buffalo into account as a possible source of re-infection for cattle.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1982

Detection of antibodies in human serum against the fimbrial haemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Antibody responses in human sera against Bordetella pertussis during natural infection were investigated by a microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a purified fimbrial haemagglutinin preparation as antigen. Significant rises of specific IgG, IgM and IgA were demonstrated in paired sera. A secondary type of antibody response was found in most children and adults. In children, the type of response correlated with previous vaccination status; there was a primary response in unvaccinated children. A survey of antibodies in the general population showed low IgG titres in a small proportion of sera from the youngest healthy children. The titres and the number of individuals with measureable antibodies increased with age. In a limited study of the effect of vaccination, significant rises of titres were demonstrated after vaccination. The ELISA test was specific for antibodies against B. pertussis except that the test also seemed to measure antibody to B. parapertussis. A comparison between ELISA and the complement-fixation test showed a good correlation between the tests only in sera from children 1-12 years old.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗