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PubMed1991

[Effect of HFMC injection of various concentrations on patency of vas deferens and resumption of fertility in rats].

Great efforts have been made to develop non-occlusive or non-ever-lasting-occlusive contraception devices in vas deferens during the recent decade at home and abroad. In our previous studies both in vivo and in vitro, polymer HFMC was found to have a spermicidal effect. In this investigation in SD rats, the relationship between the concentration of HFMC injected into the vas deferens and the resumption of fertility was studied by means of continual observations on the existence of sperms in vaginal smears from the caged female and on pup-birth delaying, so as to determine occlusion of the vas lumen and the effect of HFMC on contraception in male. The histopathological changes in the vas deferens and caudal epididymis of the HFMC-injected male rats were also observed. The results indicated: (1) HFMC in concentration over 7.5% could show temporary contraception effect by its slow releasing of H+; (2) HFMC could induce definite contraception effect which lasted longer as the concentration of HFMC given increased; (3) HFMC had no effect on the descendents in number, mortality, sex ratio, body weight and appearance; (4) the bilateral internal reproductive structures were identified normal after resumption of fertility, but 20% HFMC induced vas deferens occlusion and spermatoceles; (5) moderate concentration of HFMC was considered favorable for reversible intra-vas deferens contraception.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Management of dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, although not usually life-threatening, can cause disruption and discomfort for many women. It has often been poorly researched in the past, possibly because of the difficulty in measuring menstrual blood loss. Several different therapies are available and individual women can choose from a number of options. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as mefenamic acid or indomethacin will be the first choice for many women as they have few side effects and it is only necessary to take them when menstrual bleeding occurs. When contraception is also required, combined oral contraceptives are helpful. Progestogen and danazol therapy are also effective, although side effects do occur. A new development has been the levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine contraceptive device which has been shown to result in large decreases in menstrual blood loss. For those women who would like a surgical approach but do not want to undergo hysterectomy, the relatively new technique of endometrial resection results either in amenorrhoea or reduced menstrual blood loss in the majority of women.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗

PubMed1976

The influence of copper on the in vitro motility of the human Fallopian tube.

Experiments were designed to examine whether one contraceptive action of the copper intrauterine contraceptive devices (Cu-IUD's) could be associated with an influence on the smooth muscle activity of the Fallopian tube. Sections of the isthmic portion of human oviducts were removed during operation. Preparations from the circular muscle layer were mounted for isometric recording of contractile activity. Subsequently, spontaneous rhythmic contractions appeared within one to five minutes after the preparation procedure was completed. Transmural nerve stimulation or addition of norepinephrine or prostaglandin F2alpha to the Tris buffer medium caused an increase in tone and frequency. Addition of CuCl2 caused a concentration-dependent increase in frequency and a concomitant decrease in amplitude. High concentrations of CuCl2 produced a marked initial increase in frequency, but the rhythmic activity was soon abolished. Metallic copper in the incubation medium caused the same qualitative effects on the smooth muscle preparation as CuCl2. Influences of copper on contractions of rat portal vein preparations were studied in the same way, and similar effects were found. The copper concentration of the secretion in the Fallopian tube was measured by atomic absorption in seven patients wearing CU-IUD's until operation. The levels found were of the same order of magnitude as the concentration of free copper ions which in vitro caused effects on the smooth muscle. It is concluded that copper can affect smooth muscle activity. An influence of copper on the motility of the human oviduct has to be considered as a possible factor contributing to the contraceptive action of the Cu-IUD.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Who are the Zimbabwean loop users? The social and demographic characteristics of Zimbabwean IUCD users.

As part of a study into the reasons for the low utilization of the intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) among Zimbabwean women, a records' review of IUCD users over the period 1985 to 1989 was carried out. A 10 pc sample of the records of women inserted over this period was taken. This paper reports on the social demographic and selected screening characteristics of these women. A total of 1,179 records were reviewed. The IUCD users had a higher socio-economic status than the Zimbabwean population as a whole. Nearly 20 pc of the IUCD users were professional, technical and related workers, (mostly nurses and teachers), compared to 4.3 pc among the general population. Clients had apparently better reproductive histories than the population as a whole, probably reflecting their socio-economic status and possibly the screening process. The women were in their mid to late twenties in age at the time of insertion, and had been married an average of nine years. A quarter of the clients did not want any more children. They were using the IUCD to suspend their conception indefinitely after completion of their families. About 74 pc of the women had learnt about the family planning clinic from the local clinic/nurses or the community based distributor, indicating the importance of these sources of information. Eighty pc of the women were previous acceptors of modern contraceptives, but only 6 pc had apparently used the IUCD before.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

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