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Results for “CONDITIONED REFLEX”

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At least 1,603 records · Page 89Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Contralateral and long latency effects of human biceps brachii stretch reflex conditioning.

Results from previous studies on monkeys and human subjects have demonstrated that the biceps brachii spinal stretch reflex (SSR) can be operantly conditioned. The extent to which conditioning paradigms influence contralateral SSRs or longer latency responses in the same limb has not been examined. Nine subjects were given 10 training sessions to either increase or decrease the size of their biceps brachii SSR. Group changes were compared to the mean of six baseline (control) sessions. Both groups showed progressive SSR changes over the training sessions. Up-trained subjects increased their SSR responses by an average of 135.3% above baseline, with the last three sessions showing a 237.5% increase, while down-trained subjects reduced their average SSR responses by 43.4%, with a 52.7% reduction over the last three sessions. ipsilateral longer latency responses showed average changes of 68.9% and -68.7% for up- and down-trainers, respectively. As in the case of SSRs, these responses changed progressively over sessions, with a 131.5% increase seen in the last three up-training sessions and an 82.4% reduction over the same period for down-trainers. Correlation coefficients between SSR and longer latency responses were high (R = 0.90, up-trainers; R = 0.87, down-trainers). Contralateral SSR and longer latency responses, measured in the absence of feedback and at least 10 min after ipsilateral conditioning, showed directional changes that were similar to the trained side, but their magnitudes were not as profound. Collectively, these data suggest that unilateral SSR conditioning affects spinal circuits controlling contralateral SSRs and influences longer latency responses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Introduction and commentary to: M.I. Mityushov (1954) "Conditioned reflex secretion of insulin".

Recent research on the role of classical conditioning in homeostatic regulation (Dworkin, 1993; Siegel, Krank & Hinson, 1987) has underscored the potential importance of the work of earlier Eastern-European work on physiological conditioning. The present article is a translation and discussion of a paper on blood glucose conditioning, first published in 1954 by the Russian physiologist M.I. Mityushov. Mityushov was able to demonstrate conditioned hypoglycemia in humans and dogs after using an injection procedure as the CS and intravenous glucose as the UCS. The translation is preceded by a general introduction and followed by a reanalysis and discussion of Mityushov's results.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of phenamine and caffeine on caudate inhibition of conditioned reflex avoidance reactions in cats].

In cats with a preliminarily learned conditioned avoidance reaction, stimulation of the caudate nucleus inhibited behavioral response by lengthening its latency and reducing the number of conditioned reactions. Intensity of the inhibitory effect did not substantially depend on the localization of electrodes in the head or body of the nucleus and weakened within a few experimental days. D,1-amphetamine (0.5 to 4 mg/kg) and caffeine (10 to 10 mg/kg) suppressed the caudate inhibition, but the action of the drugs was manifested in different ways. The influence of large doses of d,1-amphetamine was characterized by a serious disturbance of behaviour and caudate inhibition of conditioned responses.

Amphetamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Formation of alimentary conditioned reflexes with probable reinforcement in rats with frontal cortex injuries].

Alimentary conditioned response to the sound of turning of the feeding-rack reinforced in 33 and 25 per cent of cases was formed faster in rats with frontal cortical lesion than in intact animals. The results obtained permit to suppose that during integrative brain activity the frontal areas of the cerebral cortex participate in organization of behavior with a high probability of reinforcement.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Motor cortex neuron activity during elaboration of a motor conditioned reflex to electric stimulation of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus].

Conditioned fore-leg movement was elaborated in cats to the electrical stimulation of the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus through one of the two chronically implanted electrodes (1+) and differentiation to a stimulation through the other electrode (2-). Then the signal meaning of the stimuli for the same animals was reversed (1-, 2+). Independently of the electrode through which the positive or differentiation stimulus was applied, the following was observed during the conditioned response: 1) in the biceps EMG a response to the conditioned stimulus was recorded with minimal latency of 8--12 ms; when the conditioned and differentiation stimuli were presented at random, the EMG response to the differentiation stimulation was considerably less pronounced or was totally absent: 2) Short-latency excitatory components of neuronal responses in the motor cortex to conditioned stimuli with a latency less than 6 and 12 ms were greater than the corresponding components of the response to differentiation stimuli.

Animals↗