SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CLIMATE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,603 records · Page 89Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Positive social interdependence and classroom climate.

We explored the relationship between student perceptions of social interdependence and social support. Attitudinal responses to the Classroom Life Instrument (Johnson & Johnson, 1983; Johnson, Johnson, & Anderson, 1983; Johnson, Johnson, Buckman, & Richards, 1985) were gathered in Canada from four classes totaling 123 eighth-grade students learning geometry in cooperative groups. We extended previous findings by examining the relationships among the classroom climate variables, causal attributions, and achievement, and explored the consistency among the four classroom climate studies using statistical methods for meta-analysis to determine overall effect magnitudes and the degree of study-to-study variability. Social support from the teacher and fellow students was moderately related to perceptions of positive interdependence, but social interdependence factors were less important predictors of student learning than was student self-esteem.

Achievement↗

PubMed1993

Indoor air climate and microbiological airborne: contamination in various hospital areas.

Indoor climate indices and microbiological airborne contamination were evaluated in a department of a general hospital in Bologna only partially equipped with an air conditioning system. To determine the environmental parameters, an ANADATA (LSI) climate analyzer with relative transducers was used. The Effective Temperature (ET), the New Effective Temperature (ET*) and the Fanger indices (PMV-PPD) were calculated using the parameters measured. Microbial count measurements were taken with an S.A.S. (Surface Air System) sampler, to ascertain the total bacterial count at 37 degrees C, and the fungal particle, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa counts. Carbon dioxide air concentrations were also measured to evaluate the efficacy of air exchange. The Fanger indices were not within the range of thermal comfort in most rooms (52% in winter, 62% in summer). Air microbial counts were higher in the hospital wards and surgeries than in the offices and laboratories. In particular, coagulase-positive staphylococci were present only in the air of the patients' rooms. The microbial contamination was not correlated with the air conditioning system, but probably caused by the turnover in the hospital population, the number of people and their behaviour. However the most important measure to prevent airborne contamination and to reduce the number of microorganisms in the air is an efficient source control. Better management of the air conditioning system, by means of adequate air exchange and thermal adjustment, would lead to a notable improvement in indoor air quality, especially in units with hospitalized patients.

Air Conditioning↗

PubMed1977

A comparative analysis of the relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction of medical technologists.

This study examines the quality of the total workplace enviroment (organizational climate) as a correlate of six dimensions of job satisfaction for a sample of 344 medical technologists. The main focus is upon comparisons of administrators versus nonadministrators, hospital laboratory personnel versus nonhospital laboratory personnel, and men versus women. Various dimensions or organizational climate were found to be important correlates of job satisfaction, and similarities and differences between the units of analysis are noted. Also discussed are the implications for the managers of medical technologists.

Job Satisfaction↗

PubMed1995

[Improved climatization of anesthetic gases by modifying the Sulla 808 V anesthesia equipment].

Maintenance of a physiological airway climate is one of the goals of anaesthesia ventilation. This may be achieved by integration of heat and moisture exchangers (HME's) or--more economically--by reducing fresh gas flow rate down to the minimal-flow-range. Conventional bag-in-bottle ventilators with hanging bellows do not allow operation with minimal-flow-rates; flow reduction results sooner or later in a positive-negative-pressure ventilation pattern; especially so in patients suffering from COPD. This problem may be overcome by uncoupling fresh gas flow from tidal volume by means of integrating a reservoir bag and a special valve system to the circle system. This technique was hitherto restricted to high class anaesthetic workstations; since recently it became available as an update modification for the Sulla 808 VTM anaesthesia machine (Dräger, Lübeck). With a setting previously described the effect of this modification on airway climate was investigated in a prospective, randomized clinical study. Twenty-four consenting patients were randomly assigned to be ventilated with either high (6.0 L/min, n = 12) or minimal (0.6 L/min, n = 12) fresh gas flow rate. The time course of inspiratory temperature and humidity was measured over a period of 120 minutes; water content was calculated from relative humidity and temperature. In the minimal-flow-group, already after 60 minutes a temperature of 28.6 +/- 0.9 degrees C and a water content of 17.6 +/- 1.9 mg H2O/L were achieved (mean +/- SD).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1997

The impact of ethical climate on job satisfaction of nurses.

This article examines the impact of ethical climate types (shared perception of how ethical issues should be addressed and what is ethically correct behavior) on various facets of job satisfaction of nurses in a large nonprofit private hospital. The results of the study indicate that hospitals may be able to enhance job satisfaction of nurses by influencing the organization's ethical climate.

Ethics, Institutional↗

PubMed1996

[An analysis of the organizational climate found in the nursing workplace through interviews with recently-hired new graduate nurses].

PURPOSE: Nurses often talk about the need for autonomy and independence in their work. However, little is written about the organizational climate of their workplace. What is the workplace like? Does it support nursing autonomy and independence? The purpose of this study is to analyze the organizational climate of the nurses' workplace through interviews with recently-hired, new graduate nurses who have been with the organization for three to six months. METHODS: Interviewed were conducted with 34 recently-hired, new graduate nurses, three to six months from the date they joined the organization. At the beginning of the interview with each of them, I requested that they speak openly in describing their workplace. Each interview was tape-recorded and the content was analyzed. RESULT: I interviewed 34 recently-hired, new graduate nurses. Each interview lasted one hour. During this time, pre-determined questions were presented to each nurse. They responded to the questions by describing their impressions of their workplace. Their responses were divided into three groups and analyzed according to communication patterns, interpersonal relationships, organizational support and responsiveness, and organizational culture.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1998

Psychological effects of sexual harassment, appraisal of harassment, and organizational climate among U.S. Army soldiers.

This study examines the effects of three types of unwanted sexual experiences in the workplace on the psychological well-being of male and female U.S. Army soldiers, and the mediating or moderating roles of appraisal of sexual harassment, organizational climate, and the sociodemographic profile of victims. A survey was administered to 1,060 male soldiers and 305 female soldiers between May and July, 1995, at three Army posts in the United States. Unwanted sexual experiences were found to be significant predictors of psychological symptoms for male and female soldiers. Certain aspects of organizational climate and appraisal of sexual harassment were also significant predictors of psychological symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMed2025

Climate-driven co-evolution of antimicrobial resistance and virulence in Escherichia coli on dairy farms: unraveling adaptive genetic signatures with novel SSCP-PCR.

This study addresses a critical One Health challenge by investigating the epidemiological and genetic drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in E. coli from 290 clinical bovine samples. On Egyptian dairy farms, our findings revealed that while calf diarrhea peaked during the winter, a higher rate of multidrug resistance was consistently observed in isolates from the summer, directly linking seasonal pressures to AMR dissemination. Strikingly, a mastitis isolate was confirmed as the highly virulent E. coli O157:H7 serotype, harboring the Shiga toxin genes stx1 and stx2, underscoring a direct and significant public health risk. To dissect the molecular basis of these trends, we pioneered the use of a novel Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Polymerase Chain Reaction (SSCP-PCR) assay on 33 selected isolates. This high-throughput approach revealed prevalent mutations in resistance genes (blaTEM and gyrB) and the virulence gene (fimH). Crucially, sequencing confirmed that mutations in the highly conserved 16S rRNA gene significantly co-occurred with mutations in blaTEM, fimH, and lacI, providing compelling evidence for co-selected adaptive pathways and clonal expansion. Our research demonstrates that climate-driven environmental pressures fuel the co-evolution of AMR and virulence on farms, championing SSCP-PCR as a robust tool for tracking microbial evolution and advocating for integrated, molecularly-informed One Health strategies.

Escherichia coli↗

PubMed2004

The role of climate variability in the inter-annual variation of terrestrial net primary production (NPP).

Eleven years data set of global net primary production (NPP) and long-term climatic and land use data were used to explore the patterns of inter-annual variability of terrestrial NPP in relation to potential causal factors. Global anomalies in temperature, precipitation and cloud cover were found to significantly contribute in different ways and magnitudes to the variability of NPP of global ecosystems particularly forests and grasslands. El Niño/La Niña events represented an important factor affecting forests, woodlands and grasslands while deforestation was found to largely contribute to the NPP variability of tropical forests. Regionally, NPP variability is related to variation of precipitation in the tropics but is related to both variation and annual mean of temperature and cloud cover in the mid-northern latitudes. We hypothesized that the increase in variability of potential causal factor(s) will provoke more declines of NPP in the tropics but will yield more pulses or at least maintain a mean NPP in the mid-northern latitudes.

Carbon Dioxide↗

PubMed2003

Climate-driven changes to the atmospheric CO2 sink in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean.

The oceans represent a significant sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. Variability in the strength of this sink occurs on interannual timescales, as a result of regional and basin-scale changes in the physical and biological parameters that control the flux of this greenhouse gas into and out of the surface mixed layer. Here we analyse a 13-year time series of oceanic carbon dioxide measurements from station ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean near Hawaii, and find a significant decrease in the strength of the carbon dioxide sink over the period 1989-2001. We show that much of this reduction in sink strength can be attributed to an increase in the partial pressure of surface ocean carbon dioxide caused by excess evaporation and the accompanying concentration of solutes in the water mass. Our results suggest that carbon dioxide uptake by ocean waters can be strongly influenced by changes in regional precipitation and evaporation patterns brought on by climate variability.

Atmosphere↗

PubMed2005

Climatic controls on central African hydrology during the past 20,000 years.

Past hydrological changes in Africa have been linked to various climatic processes, depending on region and timescale. Long-term precipitation changes in the regions of northern and southern Africa influenced by the monsoons are thought to have been governed by precessional variations in summer insolation. Conversely, short-term precipitation changes in the northern African tropics have been linked to North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies, affecting the northward extension of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and its associated rainbelt. Our knowledge of large-scale hydrological changes in equatorial Africa and their forcing factors is, however, limited. Here we analyse the isotopic composition of terrigenous plant lipids, extracted from a marine sediment core close to the Congo River mouth, in order to reconstruct past central African rainfall variations and compare this record to sea surface temperature changes in the South Atlantic Ocean. We find that central African precipitation during the past 20,000 years was mainly controlled by the difference in sea surface temperatures between the tropics and subtropics of the South Atlantic Ocean, whereas we find no evidence that changes in the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone had a significant influence on the overall moisture availability in central Africa. We conclude that changes in ocean circulation, and hence sea surface temperature patterns, were important in modulating atmospheric moisture transport onto the central African continent.

Africa↗

PubMed2006

Consistent simulations of multiple proxy responses to an abrupt climate change event.

Isotope, aerosol, and methane records document an abrupt cooling event across the Northern Hemisphere at 8.2 kiloyears before present (kyr), while separate geologic lines of evidence document the catastrophic drainage of the glacial Lakes Agassiz and Ojibway into the Hudson Bay at approximately the same time. This melt water pulse may have been the catalyst for a decrease in North Atlantic Deep Water formation and subsequent cooling around the Northern Hemisphere. However, lack of direct evidence for ocean cooling has lead to speculation that this abrupt event was purely local to Greenland and called into question this proposed mechanism. We simulate the response to this melt water pulse using a coupled general circulation model that explicitly tracks water isotopes and with atmosphere-only experiments that calculate changes in atmospheric aerosol deposition (specifically (10)Be and dust) and wetland methane emissions. The simulations produce a short period of significantly diminished North Atlantic Deep Water and are able to quantitatively match paleoclimate observations, including the lack of isotopic signal in the North Atlantic. This direct comparison with multiple proxy records provides compelling evidence that changes in ocean circulation played a major role in this abrupt climate change event.

Atlantic Ocean↗

PubMed2006

Climate-controlled Holocene occupation in the Sahara: motor of Africa's evolution.

Radiocarbon data from 150 archaeological excavations in the now hyper-arid Eastern Sahara of Egypt, Sudan, Libya, and Chad reveal close links between climatic variations and prehistoric occupation during the past 12,000 years. Synoptic multiple-indicator views for major time slices demonstrate the transition from initial settlement after the sudden onset of humid conditions at 8500 B.C.E. to the exodus resulting from gradual desiccation since 5300 B.C.E. Southward shifting of the desert margin helped trigger the emergence of pharaonic civilization along the Nile, influenced the spread of pastoralism throughout the continent, and affects sub-Saharan Africa to the present day.

Agriculture↗

PubMed2026

Protecting tropical forests is more cost-effective for biodiversity and climate than restoration.

Halting deforestation and promoting restoration are at the core of strategies to confront the biodiversity and climate crises in tropical forests. Avoiding forest disturbances is also critically important but has received far less attention, and there is a lack of clarity about the relative cost-effectiveness of these three interventions. We compare the biodiversity and carbon benefits and costs associated with each intervention, comparing observed and counterfactual outcomes based on in-depth field assessments and high-resolution remote sensing in the Brazilian Amazon deforestation frontier. Avoidance interventions delivered the greatest benefits and were more cost-effective than restoration, with results being robust to a range of benefit and cost assumptions. However, combined interventions delivered the greatest gains and were essential to reverse biodiversity and carbon losses.

Biodiversity↗

PubMed2002

Effect of long-term dehydration on serum constituents in extreme climatic conditions in camel (Camelus dromedarius).

Eight healthy female adult camels were used to study the effect of long term dehydration on serum constituents in extreme climatic conditions viz. cold and hot. The dehydration phases were of 24 days in cold and 13 days in hot conditions. The changes in sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus were non significant (P > 0.05) while in chloride, glucose, total proteins, urea, bilirubin, cholesterol and creatinine were significant (P < or = 0.05) during dehydration phase. The mean values of all the constituents tended to return to normal as the rehydration phase advanced. Changes in sodium and potassium in dehydrated camels reflected that they were able to maintain the salt balance.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

[Physical work capacity as a criterion of human resistance under the hot climatic conditions of an arid zone].

In heat discomfort, physically trained subjects had a high and stable physical working ability (PWA) whereas untrained subjects revealed a considerable decline of the parameter. A lesser work was performed with a greater tension of the cardiorespiratory system. The data obtained suggest a high and stable PWA is one of the main criteria of the organism's adaptation to hot climate conditions of the arid zone.

Acclimatization↗

PubMed2004

[Emergence of new viruses in Asia: is climate change involved?].

Tropical Africa is not the only area where deadly viruses have recently emerged. In South-East Asia severe epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever started in 1954 and flu pandemics have originated from China such as the Asian flu (H2N2) in 1957, the Hong-Kong flu (H3N2) in 1968, and the Russian flu (H1N1) in 1977. However, it is especially during the last ten years that very dangerous viruses for mankind have repeatedly developed in Asia, with the occurrence of Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever in Saudi Arabia (1995), avian flu (H5N1) in Hong-Kong (1997), Nipah virus encephalitis in Malaysia (1998,) and, above all, the SARS pandemic fever from Southern China (2002). The evolution of these viral diseases was probably not directly affected by climate change. In fact, their emergential success may be better explained by the development of large industry poultry flocks increasing the risks of epizootics, dietary habits, economic and demographic constraints, and negligence in the surveillance and reporting of the first cases.

Africa↗

PubMed1986

Are mortality rates for respiratory diseases in the RSA affected by climate?

Age-standardized and age-specific mortality rates (MRs)/100 000 of whites for the pneumonias and chronic respiratory diseases averaged over the 3-year period 1979-1981 for four highveld cities, Johannesburg, Bloemfontein, Pretoria and Germiston, were compared with those for four coastal cities, Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth and East London--Durban being in the subtropics. The highveld cities have cold winter climates with air temperatures falling to freezing point in June and July, whereas the winters are mild in the coastal cities. In Durban, for example, the mean minimum monthly air temperature rarely falls below 10 degrees C in winter. Age-standardized MRs for the pneumonias were negatively associated with the average mean monthly minimum air temperatures in June-July. These rates were much higher in the highveld cities (varying from 63,9/100 000 to 71,4/100 000) than in the coastal cities (varying from 29,8/100 000 to 40,7/100 000). Age-specific MRs in the over-75-year age group in highveld cities were twice as high as the MRs of this age group in the coastal cities. Age-standardized MRs for chronic respiratory diseases, on the other hand, were not associated with winter air temperatures in these eight cities. Age-specific MRs for the over-75-year age group were also not related to the winter air temperatures in the eight cities. This lack of association between MRs for chronic respiratory diseases and winter air temperatures might be due to the confounding effect of air pollution.

Age Factors↗