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PubMed1983

Implementation of the Integrated Library System: University of Maryland Health Sciences Library.

The Health Sciences Library, University of Maryland, has implemented the Integrated Library System (ILS), a minicomputer-based library automation system developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine. The process of moving a library from a manual to a computerized system required comprehensive planning and strong commitment by the staff. Implementation activities included hardware and software modification, conversion of manual files, staff training, and system publicity. ILS implementation resulted in major changes in procedures in the circulation, reference, and cataloging departments.

Computers↗

PubMed1983

The Georgetown University Library Information System (LIS): a minicomputer-based integrated library system.

Georgetown University's Library Information System (LIS), an integrated library system designed and implemented at the Dahlgren Memorial Library, is broadly described from an administrative point of view. LIS' functional components consist of eight "user-friendly" modules: catalog, circulation, serials, bibliographic management (including Mini-MEDLINE), acquisitions, accounting, networking, and computer-assisted instruction. This article touches on emerging library services, user education, and computer information services, which are also changing the role of staff librarians. The computer's networking capability brings the library directly to users through personal or institutional computers at remote sites. The proposed Integrated Medical Center Information System at Georgetown University will include interface with LIS through a network mechanism. LIS is being replicated at other libraries, and a microcomputer version is being tested for use in a hospital setting.

Computers↗

PubMed1984

Evaluation of the TALON Cooperative Acquisitions Program for monographs.

The TALON Cooperative Acquisitions Program for monographs (TALON/CAP) was implemented in 1979 by eleven resource libraries in the South Central Regional Medical Library Program. Each participating library acquired books from selected publishers within a profile covering subject and format. The program was evaluated by comparing interlibrary loan requests, surveying participants, and analyzing cataloging records. The results were that ten of the eleven libraries significantly increased their coverage of assigned publishers, and that academic medical libraries are not all buying the same books, even from major medical publishers. The fifty-six publishers in the program accounted for 60% to 83% of the titles with 1977-80 imprints held by participating libraries. The computer-generated collection analysis reports provide a baseline for future collection management studies.

Books↗

PubMed1982

Membrane abnormalities in congenital disorders of human blood platelets.

The information on membrane defects found in inherited disorders of platelet function is very limited. It has been presented here mainly in the form of a catalog of conditions in which membrane defects occur. Precise knowledge concerning the exact nature of the membrane defects is just beginning to appear in the literature. Most of the defects in abnormal platelets discussed are suspected, rather than clearly demonstrated. It is profoundly hoped that this presentation of current knowledge on the subject will stimulate the interest of investigators to pursue the subject further. New knowledge could lead to prevention or better treatment of the various conditions or help in the design of new approaches to the diagnosis and management of thrombosis.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

PubMed1981

The Israeli National Medical Library's new minicomputerized on-line integrated system (MAIMON).

An in-house library system based on a dedicated mini-computer has been in operation in the Israel National Medical Library since the summer of 1979. The integrated system, called MAIMON, features on-line access to bibliographic and circulation records. It replaces manual procedures in cataloging, searching, lending, and reservations. The system provides previously unavailable statistics on items in heavy use and demand, items to be removed from the active collection, and who uses what in the library. It is designed to be user cordial and to save users' time. The system has been very favorably accepted by patrons, and frees professional librarians from time-consuming clerical routine tasks. The system is evaluated in terms of performance, convenience, and cost.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMed1983

Survey of new antihypertensive drugs: 1982.

Over 500 compounds reported to have antihypertensive activity have been cataloged from the world literature (1979-1982). The agents were classified according to mechanism: 1) drugs interacting at alpha-adrenoceptor sites; 2) beta-adrenoceptor antagonists; 3) drugs interacting with the autonomic nervous system by mechanisms other than 1 and 2; 4) inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system; 5) diuretics; 6) vasodilator antihypertensives; and 7) drugs with miscellaneous mechanisms and/or sites of action. Within each class the drugs were subclassified and compounds that best fit the prototypes identified. The scheme is subjective, largely because of conflicting information cited in the literature. It is clear that many new drugs are at various stages of development. Whether or not these drugs will survive the scrutiny of rigorous and lengthy preclinical and clinical development, and in fact prove to be better antihypertensive agents than the currently marketed agents, remains to be established.

Antihypertensive Agents↗

PubMed1980

Craniofacial and extracranial malformations in the Klippel-Feil syndrome.

The Klippel-Feil syndrome is of special interest to those concerned with cleft palate for the following reasons: (1) Cleft palate is a commonly associated finding: (2) malformations of the cervical vertebrae, in the absence of other stigmata of the syndrome, are a common finding in cleft palate; (3) anomalies of the upper cervical column and cranial base can impede velopharyngeal valving; (4) hearing loss is a common finding in the syndrome irrespective of the presence or absence of cleft palate; (5) cervical anomalies may complicate endotracheal intubation or head extension during pharyngeal surgery, and (5) the short neck may be the primary defect that impedes palatal fusion. This report reviews the literature on 339 patients and seven new cases in an effort to catalog the cranial and extracranial malformations associated with the syndrome and to consider the mode of genetic transmission.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1982

Wheelchair prescription guidelines.

Few physicians are familiar with the components of wheelchairs. Consequently, they may prescribe wheelchairs that limit or impair their patients' functional abilities. Correct ordering requires use of catalogs, patient measurements, assessment of functional needs and a knowledge of the available modifications and accessories. Consultation with a rehabilitation specialist may be required for patients with special needs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Appraisal and evaluation of the workshop instruction program for untrained health sciences library managers in Region VIII: 1976-1978.

A study was conducted to determine whether the basic skills workshop offered by the Midcontinental Regional Medical Library Program from 1976 through 1978 should be revised. Results indicated that a majority of workshop participants were library managers in hospitals with under 200 beds. Workshop attendance was most helpful in libraries where new services were initiated after the workshop, although existing services (particularly interlibrary loan) were noticeably improved. Cataloging was considered to be the most useful workshop topic by former participants. Increased emphasis on administrative functions and on the provision of reference services was recommended.

Libraries, Hospital↗

PubMed1982

Quantitative two-dimensional protein electrophoresis for studies of inborn errors of metabolism.

High-resolution electrophoretic methods and sensitive protein-detection techniques permit new approaches to understanding and diagnosis of the inborn errors of metabolism. These approaches encompass: the search for protein alterations that represent primary mutations effects; observation of alterations in protein patterns due to secondary effects, as might occur in major metabolic pathway abnormalities; and identification of protein polymorphisms that are genetically linked to an inborn metabolic disease. With the aid of computer analysis of the electrophoretograms, all three approaches are being developed. Protein density and position are evaluated with an interactive computer program that requires that gel polypeptides be indexed by the investigator. Proteins on the gels are made visible with an inexpensive, rapid silver stain, which can be used quantitatively. The Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, one of a few neuropsychiatric diseases for which the molecular defect is known, was chosen for study with these techniques. Four hundred proteins were analyzed for positional or quantitative variation. Eleven significant (2p less than 0.01) quantitative differences were found in autoradiograms from gels of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. Specific patterns of polypeptide variation are now being sought in an expanded clinical study primarily focusing on Huntington's disease. Large studies are required to establish the specificity of observed alterations. As the number and variety of analyses increase, a correlative catalog of molecular variation and polymorphism will be generated.

Autoradiography↗

PubMed1978

Ulcers of the leg.

The catalog of possible causes of ulceration of the leg is unending. It has been the purpose of this article to cover in some detail those ulcers seen most commonly in Western Europe and America. Neoplastic ulcers, tropical ulcers, ulcers due to underlying bone disease, ulcers associated with blood dyscrasias, ulcers due to foreign bodies and self-inflicted injury, and injection ulcers all occur but are rare and are covered in detail elsehwere. In summary, it must be emphasized that an ulcer of the leg needs a correct diagnosis before appropriate treatment can be administered. Diagnosis often is difficult and far from obvious, requiring considerable care and clinical experience.

Bandages↗

PubMed1980

States of consciousness.

The art of psychiatry offers many different viewpoints from which to catalog behavior and thinking styles and, therefore, many physicians tend to have difficulty in conceptualizing features of behavioral medicine. A classification of states of consciousness with clinical examples of such states is presented to aid in a more clear understanding of human behavior.

Consciousness↗

PubMed1980

Use of personal effects in the Canary Island accident investigation.

Personal effects were used extensively to provide supportive evidence for identification and in seven cases it provided the main means of identification. Personal effects were received from the Canary Islands in numbered plastic bags, having been removed from each remains. In a few cases, personal effects must have been taken from locations near a remains because four bags were found to contain identifiable personal effects that did not match the remains with the same number. therefore, personal effects were utilized less frequently than might normally occur in the course of such investigations. Thorough searches of each remains, especially X-ray, yielded additional effects during the investigation at Dover. A small dedicated team was formed which was responsible for cleaning, cataloging, and requesting antemortem information necessary for the identification process. They made extensive use of color Polaroid photography.

Accidents, Aviation↗

PubMed1993

[Cytokeratins as markers of differentiation. Expression profiles in epithelia and epithelial tumors].

Intermediate filaments (IFs; diameter, about 10 nm) are cytoplasmic cytoskeletal structures found in most vertebrate cells. Their protein subunits comprise a large multi-gene family of related proteins, which make it possible to divide IFs into seven separate classes whose expression is cell-type-dependent. The most important IF classes are cytokeratin (CK) filaments (epithelial cells), vimentin filaments (mesenchymal cells), desmin filaments (muscle cells), glial filaments (astrocytes), and neurofilaments (nerve cells). As the specificity of expression of IF proteins is retained in malignant tumors, they are suitable as histological markers of differentiation (tumor markers). The protein subunits of the epithelial CK filaments are unusually diverse, and within the various types of epithelia, their expression is differentiation specific. Until recently, the catalog of human CKs comprised 19 related, yet distinct polypeptides (CKs 1-19; Moll et al., 1982a); CK 20 can now be added to this list. On the basis of sequence relationships, two CK subfamilies can be delineated (CKs 9-20 = type I; CKs 1-8 = type II). Any given epithelial cell exhibits a characteristic, differentiation-dependent combination of two or more CK polypeptides, with type-I and -II polypeptides always occurring in stoichiometric amounts (i.e., as "pairs"), because the basic structural unit of the CK filaments is a heterotypical tetramer complex. On the basis of their main tissue distribution patterns, it is possible further to subdivide these polypeptides into CKs typical of stratified squamous epithelia (CKs 1-6, 9-17) and those typical of simple columnar epithelia (CKs 7, 8, 18-20); these CKs exhibit differential expression patterns in the various types of squamous and columnar epithelia. The actual characterization of the novel CK 20 as a CK initially proved to be rather difficult, as this cytoskeletal protein, which can be biochemically isolated from cells of the intestinal epithelium (M(r) 46,000; previously called "IT protein"), exhibits no reaction with numerous well-known CK antibodies in Western blots. However, a series of other characteristics typical of CKs could be demonstrated. Thus, IT protein was found, in vitro (nitrocellulose-blot binding test, native gel electrophoresis), to for heterotypical complexes with the type-II CK 8, and these complexes were able to reconstitute themselves into typical IFs in vitro. Chymotrypsin-cleaving experiments revealed the presence of a resistant core fragment (M(r) 38,000), indicating a alpha-helical "coiled-coil" conformation typical of IFs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Preferential sites in keratin 10 that are mutated in epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EH) is a rare autosomal dominant skin disease. Recent studies in our laboratory established genetic linkage to the type II keratin gene locus on chromosome 12q in one family with EH and identified a single amino acid mutation in keratin 1 that is responsible for the disease. Other point mutations in the keratin 1 or keratin 10 genes have now been reported in other patients with EH. We have examined a series of probands with EH in order to develop a catalog of mutations in keratin 10. Using direct sequencing of PCR-amplified genomic DNA, we have identified mutations in six families, in which five mutations occur in the beginning of the 1A rod domain of keratin 10-namely, two ARg10 to His, one Arg10 to Cys, and Asn8 to His, and a Tyr14 to Asp. This region contains highly conserved residues among all keratins. An additional mutation (Leu103 to Gln) was found in the conserved region late in the 2B rod domain in keratin 10. We developed several allele-specific assays to assess the frequency of these mutations in the general population. No evidence was found for the presence of such changes in unaffected individuals. In vitro functional assays performed with peptides corresponding to the 1A mutations in these families show severely diminished capacity to disaggregate preformed keratin intermediate filaments, in comparison with a wild-type control peptide. Results from this work support the hypothesis that the beginning of the 1A rod domain segment in keratin 10 contains preferential sites for disease-causing mutation in EH. This should be of considerable use when developing prenatal diagnostic tests and biologically based therapies for this disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Developing a health sciences library Gopher: more involved than meets the eye.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development of the Health Sciences Library Gopher at St. Louis University (SLU) Health Sciences Center. The authors will outline university criteria from the Office of Computing and Information Services, library selection criteria, bibliographical access, reference and instructional implications, data entry and maintenance, and the role of the library's Internet Committee. All libraries have been awed by the tremendous amount of resources available through the Internet; the challenge is to not be intimidated but to be innovative in designing systems that can present these resources to the library client in the most easily understandable approaches possible. The Internet Committee in the SLU Health Sciences Center Library has designed a framework for the construction of "menus" to lead the client to selected Internet resources. Some of the issues confronted include relating the Internet resources to the library's Collection Development Policy, coordination of Internet resources to other bibliographic sources (Journal Holdings List, Intelligent Catalog), and educating staff and clients to manage a wide range of new resources as well as traditional ones in electronic formats.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1993

The 72 kDa type IV collagenase is modulated via differential expression of alpha v beta 3 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins during human melanoma cell invasion.

We have recently reported that concomitant with an increase in invasiveness, there is an increase in the expression and secretion of the matrix-degrading 72 kDa gelatinase A/type IV collagenase (MMP-2) in a moderately invasive human melanoma cell line (A375M) upon perturbation of the alpha v beta 3 classic vitronectin receptor. In the present study, we have extended these observations to include a highly invasive and metastatic melanoma cell line (C8161) which expresses a comparable amount of the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin (classic fibronectin receptor), but very little alpha v beta 3 integrin on its surface. When perturbed with an anti-alpha 5 beta 1 antibody, C8161 cells are 89% more invasive in vitro, and express and secrete increased levels of the gelatinase A. These changes were not elicited using antibodies to the alpha v beta 3 integrin. In addition, a 73% increase in invasion of C8161 cells through a fibronectin-enhanced matrix occurred, which could be abrogated by neutralizing antibodies to gelatinase A. Furthermore, we attempted to transiently mimic the invasive phenotype of the C8161 cells by diminishing the alpha v beta 3 integrin from the A375M cell surface through fluorescence-activated cell sorting selection or deoxynojirimycin treatment, and found these cells to be 30-50% more invasive than the parental population. These data suggest that alternative modulation and signaling events could be involved in melanoma tumor cell invasion as a result of the differential expression of integrins, and strictly cataloging the presence of these integrins is but an initial step in the analysis of their functional activity.

Antibodies↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Marketing, recruiting and retaining African American baccalaureate nursing students.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the marketing, recruitment and retention policies and practices with reference to African American nursing students in baccalaureate nursing programs. The sample consisted of top-ranked and southern nursing schools accredited by the National League for Nursing (N = 49). Findings indicate that African American enrollment in nursing schools has not changed demonstrably over the past 10 years. High schools (78%) and community colleges (61%) were the main markets for recruiting African American students. Two approaches, rated as successful in retaining African American nursing students, were use of African American counselors and student housing. The college catalog was no longer the method used most frequently for marketing nursing programs.

Adult↗