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At least 1,603 records · Page 89Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Odor response properties of rat olfactory receptor neurons.

Molecular biology studies of olfaction have identified a multigene family of molecular receptors that are likely to be involved in odor transduction mechanisms. However, because previous functional data on peripheral coding were mainly collected from inferior vertebrates, it has been difficult to document the degree of specificity of odor interaction mechanisms. As a matter of fact, studies of the functional expression of olfactory receptors have not demonstrated the low or high specificity of olfactory receptors. In this study, the selectivity of olfactory receptor neurons was investigated in the rat at the cellular level under physiological conditions by unitary extracellular recordings. Individual olfactory receptor neurons were broadly responsive to qualitatively distinct odor compounds. We conclude that peripheral coding is based on activated arrays of olfactory receptor cells with overlapping tuning profiles.

Acetophenones↗
PubMed1996

Increased mutagenesis mediated by cloned plasmid CAM-OCT genes: potential for expanding substrate ranges of Pseudomonas spp.

Twenty-five kilobases of Pseudomonas plasmid CAM-OCT DNA encoding a DNA repair gene(s) was cloned into the broad-host-range vector pVK100. The presence of the cloned genes increased the isolation frequency of Pseudomonas putida derivatives capable of using ethyl lactate or 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol as their carbon source 15- and 8-fold, respectively, after UV irradiation. Ethyl lactate-utilizing strains expressed a novel intracellular hydrolase.

Alkanes↗
PubMed2006

Conversion of Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723 to a hexachlorobenzene degrader by metabolic engineering.

The gene cassette (camA+ camB+ camC) encoding a cytochrome P-450cam variant was integrated into the nonessential gene pcpM of the pentachlorophenol degrader Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC 39723 by homologous recombination. The recombinant strain could degrade hexachlorobenzene at a rate of 0.67 nmol.mg (dry weight)-1.h-1, and intermediate pentachlorophenol was also identified.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1974

Dissociation of a degradative plasmid aggregate in Pseudomonas.

The infectious plasmid OCT, which specifies a set of dissimilatory enzymes responsible for the degradation of n-octane, has been shown to be an aggregate of a noninfectious OCT plasmid and an infectious plasmid with sex factor activity. The infectious plasmid, which can be eliminated from the cells of Pseudomonas putida by mitomycin C treatment without loss of the OCT plasmid and vice versa, has been designated as factor K. The infectious plasmid (factor K) is not only responsible for the mobilization of OCT, but also mobilizes chromosomal genes at a frequency of 10(-2) to 10(-3) per donor cell. Whereas OCT is incompatible with another degradative plasmid, CAM, factor K appears to be compatible with it.

Alkanes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Percutaneous absorption of Mexoryl SX in human volunteers: comparison with in vitro data.

The potential human health risk of UV filters depends on their toxicity and the human systemic exposure which is a function of the extent of percutaneous absorption of the topically applied substance into the human organism. Using a 'mass balance' approach, a study was designed to investigate the systemically absorbed dose of [(14)C]-Mexoryl SX((R)) in humans after topical application of a typical sunscreen emulsion. In addition, to assess the correlation with in vitro experiments, the percutaneous absorption of this UVA filter through isolated human skin was measured under identical exposure conditions. When applied in vivo for a period of 4 h, 89-94% of the applied radioactivity was recovered from the wash-off samples. In urine samples, the radioactivity slightly exceeded background levels and corresponded maximally to 0.014% of the topically applied dose. No radioactivity was measured in blood or faeces sampled up to 120 h after application. In vitro, 24 h after a 4-hour application, [(14)C]-Mexoryl SX remained primarily on the skin surface. The mean in vitro absorption over 24 h, adding up the amounts found in the dermis and receptor fluid, was 0.16% of the applied dose. It is concluded from the in vivo pharmacokinetic results that the systemically absorbed dose of [(14)C]-Mexoryl SX is less than 0.1%. The order of magnitude of this value correlates well with the corresponding in vitro data which overestimate the in vivo results as previously observed with other hydrophilic compounds. This study demonstrates that, under realistic exposure conditions, the human systemic exposure to this UVA filter is negligible and poses no risk to human health.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lateral spreading of topically applied UV filter substances investigated by tape stripping.

The lateral spreading of topically applied substances is a competitive process to the penetration into the stratum corneum (SC). The penetration of topically applied UV filter substances into the human SC and the lateral spreading were investigated in vivo. Tape stripping in combination with spectroscopic measurements was used to study both processes of two UV filter substances. The concentration of both UV filters was determined inside and outside the application area by varying the application and tape stripping protocol. A spreading of the topically applied substances from the treated to the untreated areas was observed, which caused a concentration gradient. This lateral spreading depends on the time between application and tape stripping and the size of the treated skin area. Significant amounts of topically applied substances were found adjoining the application area, due to the lateral spreading which takes place on the skin surface. In general, the lateral spreading must be considered to be a competitive process when studying penetration processes of topically applied substances. It has to be considered during drug treatment of small limited skin areas and for the interpretation of recovery rates obtained in penetration studies.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of dexamethasone on conditioned enhancement of natural killer cell activity.

It is believed that the expression of the conditioned natural killer cell activity is regulated through the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. Since the conditioned expression of both the plasma level of adrenocorticotropic hormone and natural killer (NK) cell activity show a sequential rise after exposure to the conditioned stimulus, it was of interest to determine if treatment with dexamethasone could inhibit this response. These studies suggest that treatment with dexamethasone was able to block the expression of the conditioned NK cell activity but was unable to interfere with the pairing of the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus. We conclude that the hypothalamic pituitary axis is an integral part of the pathway for stimulation of NK cell activity in the spleen.

Animals↗