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At least 1,585 records · Page 88Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

A pilot study of myoelectrically controlled FES of upper extremity.

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of upper limbs can be used for the recovery of some hand functions on patients with CNS lesions. This study deals with the control of FES by means of myoelectrical activity detected from voluntarily activated paretic muscles. The specific aim of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of myoelectrical control in terms of produced force and movement. For this purpose, a specific device called myoelectrical controlled functional electrical stimulator (MeCFES) has been developed and applied to six tetraplegic patients with a spinal cord lesion and one stroke hemiplegic patient. Residual myoelectric signals from the paretic wrist extensor (m. extensor carpi radialis, ECR) have been used to control stimulation of either the wrist extension (i.e., the same muscle) or thumb flexion. A tracking test based on a visual feedback of the produced force or movement compared to a reference target trajectory was used to quantify control accuracy. A comparison was made between the tracking performances of each subject with and without the MeCFES and the learning process for two of the subjects were observed during consecutive sessions. Results showed that the wrist extension was improved in three out of five C5 SCI patients and the thumb flexion was largely increased in one incomplete C3 SCI patient. The hemiplegic patient showed limited thumb control with the MeCFES but indicated the possibility of a carry over effect. It was found that a low residual natural force resulted in a less accurate movement but also with a large increase (up to ten times) of the muscle output. On the contrary, persons with a medium residual force obtained a smaller amplification of muscle force with a higher tracking accuracy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Upper extremity myoelectric prosthetics.

Myoelectric control of upper limb prostheses has proven to be an effective and efficient means of controlling prosthetic components. This means of control has been used extensively for over 30 years, during which time these systems have become reliable and durable in most situations. Myoelectric control, or any other prosthetic control scheme, should not be considered as the optimal control for arm prostheses, but rather as one of the several effective ways of producing desired function. Advanced clinical practice calls for a blending of all control schemes, as appropriate, to allow the prosthesis to serve the intentions of the user efficiently and with little mental effort. Technology continues to change, bringing with it new and sometimes better ways of fitting amputees. Microprocessors and programmable controllers have opened new and exciting avenues for improvement in function. New, and as of yet unidentified, electronic and mechanical advances are certainly on the horizon. There is much work to be done before upper limb prostheses rightfully are called arm replacements. But progress is occurring and advances are being made toward the goal of replacing the function and appearance of that marvelous tool, the human arm.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

[Immunologic indices of the blood and interstitial fluid in the evaluation of the treatment of secondary edemas of the upper extremities].

The efficacy of therapy of upper limb secondary edemas after 4 programs was compared among 83 patients. The methods were as follows: traditional method (TM) including routine conservative therapy, acupuncture (AP), He-Ne laser OK-13 and semiconductor laser against a background of traditional therapy. A study was made of the time course of the extent of edema, total protein, IG, G, A and M and circulating immune complexes (CIC) during therapy of such patients. Blood serum and interstitial fluid indices were compared. TM and AP were accountable for 20-21% fluid discharge, LT--for 38-44%. Besides, semiconductor laser therapy increased IG discharge up to 44-55% of the initial amount.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1995

Complex fracture patterns of the upper extremity.

Combined skeletal injuries to the upper limb present complex management problems because they may result in dysfunction of the terminal unit of the upper limb-the hand. This article explores complex patterns of skeletal and soft tissue injuries, including complex soft tissue trauma with closed and open fractures; the floating shoulder, elbow, and forearm; and the role of skeletal fixation in conjunction with the complex fracture patterns. As the functional capacity of the upper limb reflects an integration of all its component parts, a combined approach to skeletal and soft tissue trauma is of fundamental importance in upper limb trauma.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed2006

[Method of laser Doppler-flowmetry in the assessment of efficiency of sympathectomy in patients with upper extremity ischemia].

Changes to microcirculation were analyzed in 61 patients after 76 upper-chest sympathectomies. Rheovasography, transcutaneous determination of partial oxygen pressure in the tissues, laser Doppler-flowmetry were performed to evaluate the microcirculation. The data obtained give evidence of a significantly better microcirculation after the upper-chest sympathectomy.

Adult↗