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Reward and recognition are powerful motivators in any employment setting. Long understood in the business world, it is only recently that the nursing field has come to recognize the need to go beyond the intrinsic reward system based upon patient care delivery to a more tangible system including monetary incentive and peer evaluation.
In the past two years there has been a significant increase in the number and variety of hospital medical staff cases decided by the courts. The issues range from whether medical staff bylaws constitute a contract with individual medical staff members, the legal opportunity to assert employment discrimination claims in medical staff disciplinary proceedings, and ongoing antitrust concerns. This article presents an overview of the recent litigation related to these subjects.
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A new vision for dental education is being shaped by (1) future dentists' need to keep pace with rapid developments in medicine and biomedical science, and changing health-care delivery mechanisms that will transform dentistry; (2) dissatisfaction with unintended, undesirable consequences of traditional approaches to dental education that do not integrate biomedical/clinical, behavioral, ethical, and population perspectives in clinical practice, and fail to cultivate the skills and values which support lifelong learning; (3) new developments in cognitive science demonstrating learning environments' need to be more student-centered, to emphasize active learning strategies, and teach students to use the scientific method to resolve clinical problems. These changes will require efforts in faculty development, and have implications for the administration and function of dental schools.
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Federal legislation requires that health care facilities receiving Medicaid payments must provide their patients upon admission with information on advance directives. The Department of Justice has issued regulations implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act. Oregon is seeking federal approval of a plan to ration health care for Medicaid recipients. A federal court of appeals is reviewing whether section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act applies to infants with disabilities in need of medical care. In cases involving refusal of life-sustaining treatment, state courts continue to grapple with who is the appropriate decisionmaker and what limitations apply to protect incompetent persons. The number of states that have enacted "living will" and durable power of attorney laws has increased.
As part of a succession-planning approach to provide new and expanding leadership for its Mission Services Department, Wheaton Franciscan Services, Inc. (WSFI), Wheaton, IL, implemented a "learning contract" for new mission leaders in its member organizations. This article focuses on training for the mission leader at one such organization, All Saints Healthcare, Racine, WI. The contract includes expectations for the new leader, which, if met, provide the preparation thought to be essential for the new leader to perform effectively in the role. The contract has two parts: first, internal training, including formal mentoring relationships among the new mission leader, WFSI's mission leaders, and the CEOs of member organizations; and, second, external education, including participation in a master's degree program and attendance at various ministry educational programs that pertain to the role.
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The United States Supreme Court reviewed cases involving eligibility standards for children with disabilities to receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits and a guardian's authority to withhold nutrition and hydration from a permanently disabled incompetent adult. The Americans with Disabilities Act, a major piece of civil rights legislation for persons with disabilities, promises to prohibit discrimination in all areas, including health services. Parents of infants with disabilities have appealed the dismissal of their claim under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act alleging denial of beneficial medical treatment to their children on the basis of disability. State courts continue to examine the rights of competent and incompetent patients, including "mature minors," to forgo life-sustaining treatment, including nutrition and hydration. In 1990, forty states and the District of Columbia had "living will" legislation, and nineteen states and the District of Columbia had durable power of attorney for health care laws; however, the provisions of these laws vary from state to state.
Pending before the United States Supreme Court are cases involving eligibility of children with disabilities for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits and a guardian's authority to withhold nutrition and hydration from a permanently disabled but not terminally ill ward. The United States Commission on Civil Rights has issued a comprehensive report demonstrating evidence of current discrimination against infants with disabilities and examining current legal protections. In the federal courts, litigation continues in a case brought by parents on behalf of their infants with disabilities who were allegedly denied medical treatment on the basis of disability. State courts continue to examine the rights of competent and incompetent patients to forgo life-sustaining treatment, including nutrition and hydration. Discrimination against persons with AIDS or HIV continues to affect their access to health care. In 1989 forty states and the District of Columbia have "living will" legislation, and nine states have durable power of attorney for health care laws; however, the provisions of each vary from state to state.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.