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PubMed2004

The effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) extract and dietary selenium on distribution of selenium in hepatocarcinogenesis induced rat.

Neem, Azadirachta indica, is a plant from the family Meliaceae, known as "Pokok Semambu" in Malay community. It has been extensively used in India as traditional Ayurvedic and folklore minedicine for the treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to determine the distribution of selenium in the liver of rats during hepatocarcinogenesis when neem aqueous extract and dietary selenium was supplemented.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

[Method of cyanogen bromide-fluorimetry determination of trace amount of selenomethionine in grain and blood].

Selenomethionine (SeMet) reacted with cyanogen bromide (BrCN) quantitatively forms CH3SeCN. After extracted with CHCl3, the Se of CH3SeCN is acid-digested to Se(IV). Then 2,3-diaminonaphthalene is used to determine the fluorescent Se value of 4,5-benzopiaselenol. The determination limit of this method was 3 ng/g SeMet. The accuracy of 10-500 ng Se in SeMet standard was 91.8%-97.6%. RSD was 1.9%-6.3%. Recoveries for grain and blood were 92.3%-96.7%. RSD was 2.7%-5.1%. The RSD for samples was 2.7%-9.0%. Selenocystine, selenocystiene selenite and methionine did not interfere with the determination.

Cyanogen Bromide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hygienic standardization of the levels of selenium hexafluoride in the air of a working area].

The paper presents the results of investigations on the hygienic standardization of the levels of selenium hexafluoride (SeF6) in the air of a working area. It also analyzes the data on the effects of SeF6 inhalation on laboratory animals, by applying morphological, physiological, hematological, and biochemical studies. The studies have yielded the basic parameters of inhalation toxicity and established the threshold of the irritant action of the substance, developed and approved its maximally acceptable concentration (0.2 mg/m3, gas + vapors) and a procedure for photometric determination of SeF6 in the air of a working area.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed2005

[Protective effect of orgnoselenium from Se-enriched lactobacillus on lipid peroxidation reaction and NK cell activity in spleen of liver injury mice].

Changes of lipid peroxidation reaction and NK cell activity in spleen of CCl4-induced liver injury mice with adding orgnoselenium from Se-enriched lactobacillus were studied to discuss the protective effect of orgnoselenium and its mechanism. Sixty healthy mice (female: male=1:1) were chosen and divided randomly into four groups: control group (group C), orgnoselenium group (group Se), CCl4-injection group (group CCl4) and CCl4-injection plus orgnoselenium group (group CCl4-Se). The liver injury was induced by abdominal injection of CCl4 (0.07ml/100g body weight) on every other day over four weeks. The spleens were collected at the 2nd and 4th week, and spleen NK cell activity, spleen homogenate GSH-Px, SOD, CAT activities and MDA concentration were determined. The results showed that during the entire experimental period, spleen homogenate GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activities in groups C, Se and CCl4-Se were higher or significantly higher than that in group CCl4, and three antioxidant enzyme activities in groups Se and CCl4-Se had no apparent differences from that in group C except that there were significant increases of SOD activity at the 4th week. Spleen homogenate MDA content of group CCl4 increased markedly compared with that of groups C, Se and CCl4-Se, MDA level of group CCl4-Se was close to that of group C, and that of group Se was lower. During the entire experimental period, NK cell activity of group Se was the highest and significantly higher than that of group C at the 4th week, a lowest value was observed in group CCl4, which was lower or markedly lower than that of groups C, Se and CCl4-Se, there were no significant differences between group CCl4-Se and group C. It is suggested that orgnoselenium from Se-enriched lactobacillus can enhance antioxidation ability in normal mice and play an effective role by means of improving and enhancing the spleen antioxidation enzymes and NK cell activities in the process of intervening liver injury.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[The breeding and culture condition optimization of a high-biomass, selenium-enriched yeast strain].

The yeast fusant ZFF-28, which is high in biomass production and rich in selenium, was constructed after mutagenesis and protoplasts fusion between yeast strains. The total selenium content of ZFF-28 is 1.8 and 1.0 times higher than that of the parental strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae ZY-67 and Saccharomyces kluyveri SZY-198 respectively. Using single factor tests and a L16(4(3) x 2(1)) orthogonal design, the cultivation conditions was optimized as: 50mL culture in 250mL shake flasks in molasses containing 6% sugar and 60microg/mL Se at 28 degree C for 25h at 220 r/min, with the initial pH adjusted to 6.0 - 6.5. Under the optimized conditions, the biomass (dry weight) reached 8.2g/L and the Se content of the cells reached 2050microg/g, with organic and inorganic Se contents being 91% and 9% respectively.

Biomass↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of combined selenium and vitamin E administration on DNA in Walker tumor bearing Wistar rat exposed to cytostatic acute treatment.

Previous studies have showed that organic Se and Vitamin E have a significant protective effect when administered in combination with cytostatics. This paper reports the investigation on effects of mixed administration Orgasel 50 and Vitamin E in Wistar rat with experimentally induced Walker tumor under acute cytostatic treatment, with emphasis on two aspects: a) the influence of antioxidants upon liver unscheduled DNA biosynthesis under cytostatic (Lomustin) acute aggression; and b) the potential improvement of cytostatic effects by antioxidants treatment in tumor. Two lots of animals were used: lot 1 - Orgasel 50 and Vitamin E administered 7 days before the initiation of tumor induction and lot 2 - the antioxidants were concomitantly administered with tumor cell inoculation. The Walker tumor (an epithelial carcinoma) cells were subcutaneously injected (5 x 10(6) cells/0.5 ml in isotonic saline solution); the first tumor nodules appeared in 4 days; the tumor has reached the appropriate dimensions in 12 days. The unscheduled DNA biosynthesis caused by Lomustin in rat liver as well as the replicative DNA biosynthesis taking place in Walker tumor cells were assessed radioisotopically by measuring the uptake of 3H-Thymidine (200 microCi / 100 g.b.w.). Our observations regarding the role of antioxidant treatment suggest: 1) a benefic effect on DNA alkylant-induced lesions, expressed by a decrease in the level of 3H-Thymidine uptake in liver and, 2) an increase of the inhibitory activity of cytostatic on DNA replication biosynthesis in tumor cells, suggested by lower 3H-Thymidine incorporation in tumor cells. The most significant results were showed in both analyzed tissues, when the Orgasel 50 + Vitamin E administration begins at the same time with the tumor cell inoculation. These findings clearly show the organic Se salts and Vitamin E constitute a valuable adjuvant in anticancer medication, increasing the interest for the application of these antioxidants in cancer therapy and prevention.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-tumour promoting activity of diphenylmethyl selenocyanate against two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis.

Epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence collectively suggests that Se in different inorganic and organic forms provides a potential cancer chemopreventive agent, active against several types of cancer. It can exert preventive activity in all the three stages of cancer: initiation, promotion and progression. Literature reports revealed that organoselenocyanates have more potential as chemopreventive agents than inorganic forms due to their lower toxicity. In our previous report we showed chemopreventive efficacy of diphenylmethyl selenocyanate during the initiation and pre- plus post-initiation phases of skin and colon carcinogenesis process. The present study was undertaken to explore the anti-tumour promoting activity of diphenylmethyl selenocyanate in a 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA)-croton oil two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. The results obtained showed significant (p<0.01) reduction of the incidence and number of skin papillomas, precancerous skin lesions, along with significant (p<0.01) elevation of phase II detoxifying enzymes (GST, Catalase and SOD) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in liver and skin. Thus, the present data strongly suggest that diphenylmethyl selenocyanate also has the potential to act as anti-tumour promoter agent in a two-stage skin carcinogenesis mouse model, pointing to possible general efficacy.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed2005

[Identification and quantitation of selenocompounds in environment and organism].

Identify and quantify of diversity of selenocompounds in environment and organism is necessary to further understand and fairly evaluate the effects of selenium in clinical chemistry, nutrition, toxicity, environment and ecology. For the purpose, many state-of-the-art of analytical techniques are applied with the particular emphasis on the effective isolation, high-sensitively element-selective detection and the identification of the detected selenocompounds. Some practical and recently-developed methods, especially Se speciation by the combination of chromatography with mass spectrography, are here reviewed, which is of benefit to the deep researches on the selenium species in environmental samples and biomaterials.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2005

[Effect of vitamin B6 status on selenium retention in the tissues in rats fed selenium from sodium selenate].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of vitamin B6 status on selenium retention in tissues. METHODS: Weaning male Wistar, 4-week-old, fed with vitamin B6-selenium-deficient basal diet for 3 weeks was randomly divided into 6 groups. There were six experimental diets, that is basal diet (vitamin B6-selenium-deficient), basal diet supplemented with vitamin B6, and supplemented with Se 0.25 mg/kg as Na2 SeO4 and vitamin B6 0, 1.0 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg diet as pyridoxine HCl for 4 weeks, three-days metabolic test was carried out before finished the study. RESULTS: Compared with each group supplemented with vitamin B6, the vitamin B6 deficient groups had a significantly low body weight gain and diet availability, and lower selenium retention in heart, liver, and kidneys, however, the status of vitamin B6 had no significant effect on the weight and selenium retention in the testes. Vitamin B6 had no significant influence on the selenium apparent absorption and retention by the three days metabolic test. CONCLUSION: Providing adequate vitamin B6 could be benefit for improving rat growth and development and increasing selenium retention in the tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Induction of elongation in cultured rat lens epithelial cells by FGF and inhibition by selenite.

The purposes of this experiment were to: (1) test if fibroblast growth factor (FGF) induced elongation of cultured rat lens epithelial cells (LEC) and (2) determine if selenite affected elongation of LEC. FGF (125-500 ng/ml) reduced the number of colonies of LEC, but it did not induce elongation when cells were cultured on plastic dishes. One hundred micromolar and, to a lesser extent, 10 mumol/l selenite also reduced the number of colonies of LEC. Coculture of FGF and selenite on plastic caused a synergistic reduction in the number of colonies. FGF (125-1000 ng/ml) induced a dramatic morphologic change in LEC. Elongated processes radiated from stellate-like cell aggregates when cells were cultured on reconstituted basement membrane matrix (Matrigel). Again, 100 mumol/l selenite and, to a lesser extent, 10 mumol/l selenite reduced the number of cell aggregates with processes on Matrigel. These results indicated that an inhibitory effect of selenite on the elongation of LEC may be a factor in the development of selenite cortical cataract.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Resistant scalp folliculitis secondary to Demodex infestation.

Folliculitis is a common complaint and its etiology may be related to a variety of factors. We examine a case involving a 57-year-old white man presenting with scalp erythema and folliculitis secondary to Demodex mite infestation. We discuss the pathophysiology of Demodex folliculitis, as well as the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of this infection.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2006

[Studies of immunomodulation caused by selenium-enriched phycocyanin].

An influense was studied in rats of selenium enriched phycocyanin (Se-PC) from food microalgae Spirulina on anaphylactic reaction severity and circulating antibody response against model allergen--hen's egg white ovalbumin. Se-PC was introduced into diet in form of protein isolate precipitated with ammonia sulphate. Se-PC dosage made up to 450 mcg per rat daily that corresponded to 5 mcg of selenium. There were no differences revealed between experimental and control group that received standard diet in severity of anaphylactic reaction. Nevertheless rats receiving Se-PC demonstrated significantly increased specific IgG response. The probable immunomodulating properties of Se-PC included into food are discussed.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2006

[New approaches to selenium speciation].

A review of the recent developments in selenium speciation analysis was presented, focusing on the techniques of separation, interface, elemental specific detection and identification of selenium species; the methods of sample storage and pretreatment storage for selenium speciation were also introduced.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1991

An overview of experience with ketoconazole shampoo.

The spectrum of disease known as dandruff/seborrhoeic dermatitis has been shown to be due to infection of the skin by the Pityrosporon species of fungus. Ketoconazole shampoo has been shown to suppress effectively both the organism's growth and the symptoms and signs of the clinical disorder.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1990

The insulin-like effects of selenate in rat adipocytes.

Selenate was found to have several insulin-like effects in rat adipocytes: stimulation of glucose transport activity by translocation of two types of glucose transporters from intracellular sites to the plasma membrane, stimulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity, and stimulation of ribosomal S6 protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, in intact cells addition of 1 mM selenate stimulated tyrosyl phosphorylation of 210-, 170-, 120-, 95-, 70-, and 60-kDa proteins but failed to stimulate insulin receptor kinase activity, suggesting that selenate stimulated other tyrosine kinase. In the presence of insulin, selenate enhances insulin receptor kinase activity and phosphorylations of insulin-stimulated tyrosyl phosphoproteins. These results may provide clues for the elucidation of the role of selenium in animals and the mechanism of insulin action.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗