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Results for “Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity”

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PubMed1980

Trapped air in extrinsic allergic alveolitis.

Non-ventilated lung volume (trapped air) during tidal breathing and several other lung function parameters were determined in 19 patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis, most of them with farmer's lung, and in 28 non-smoking healthy subjects. The trapped air was significantly larger (p < 0.01) in the patients (mean 0.73 litres) than in normal subjects (mean 0.32 litres); in 7 patients (37%) it was definitely enlarged. The results suggest that the frequent increase of trapped air may be caused by patchy small airways occlusion due to bronchiolitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Single breath nitrogen washout in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

In 35 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis we explored the utility of single breath nitrogen washout as a means for detecting abnormalities in airway function and intrapulmonary distribution of air. Closing volume/vital capacity ratio (CV/VC) was 21% (predicted 12.5%) in patients with only hilar adenopathy (stage I). CV/VC was 21% (predicted 13%) in patients with hilar adenopathy and parenchymal infiltration (stage II). Abnormalities in CV/VC were less readily detectable in patients with parenchymal infiltrates only (stage III) or those with bullous lesions and lung retraction (stage IV). Closing capacity was abnormally high in 66% of the cases. The slope of the alveolar plateau (delta N2/L) increased with disease progression. Single breath nitrogen test provides useful information concerning the function of small airways and distribution of pulmonary ventilation in all stages of sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pulmonary function in subjects at the extremes of stature.

Normal indexes of pulmonary function are based on data from large numbers of persons, using sex, size, and age as independent determinants. The influence of aging has been well examined, but few subjects at the extremes of stature have been included in previous studies. The predicted normal values are extrapolated from data acquired in studies of persons of average height. To evaluate these predictions at the extremes of stature, we performed full pulmonary function testing in 49 healthy, nonsmoking Caucasian subjects (28 men, 21 women) who were either above the 99th or below the 5th percentile for height. Nineteen subjects of average height (9 men, 10 women) performed spirometric testing. The techniques and equipment used met the American Thoracic Society's recommendations. We demonstrated that predicted values of pulmonary function testing can be extended to include those persons at the extremes of stature.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The effects of antireflux therapy on pulmonary function in patients with severe gastroesophageal reflux disease. Department of Veterans Affairs Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Study Group.

OBJECTIVES: Gastroesophageal reflux can induce bronchospasm, and antireflux therapy has been shown to improve pulmonary function in patients who have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) associated with asthma. Our objective was to study the pulmonary effects of antireflux therapy in patients who had severe GERD without clinically apparent lung disease. METHODS: In a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study, patients who had complicated GERD without important lung disease were randomly assigned to receive one of three types of antireflux treatment, including two kinds of medical therapy and a surgical therapy. Patients had pulmonary function tests (PFTs), including total lung capacity, residual volume, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, maximal midexpiratory flow, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-seven patients (243 men, four women; mean age 58 yr) entered the randomized trial, and 151 returned for PFTs at 1 yr. For the entire study group and for all three treatment groups, mean values for PFTs at 1 yr did not differ significantly from those at baseline. Even in subgroups of patients whose baseline PFTs were abnormal and whose esophagitis had healed completely, there were no significant changes in results of PFTs. CONCLUSIONS: For veteran patients with severe GERD and no obvious lung disease, 1 yr of antireflux therapy had no important effect on pulmonary function. These findings suggest that GERD is not commonly associated with inapparent, reversible pulmonary dysfunction.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Abnormalitis in the distributions of ventilation-perfusion ratios and diffusing capacity-perfusion ratios in three types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

To assess whether diffusion-limited gas exchange plays a significant role in hypoxemia in various types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), we analyzed the distribution of ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) ratios and of diffusing capacity-perfusion (G/Q) ratios. We compared VA/Q and G/Q distribution in patients with three basic types of COPD: emphysematous changes, bronchiolar involvement, and airway hypersecretion, which were classified based on symptoms and on findings of high-resolution CT. The results were that 1) hypoxemia was not caused by diffusion-limited gas exchange with low G/Q regions in any type of COPD, that 2) hypoxemia was not caused by inhomogeneities in VA/Q distribution, that 3) emphysematous changes and bronchiolar involvement were associated with high and low VA/Q regions, respectively, and that 4) either hypersecretion itself or related airway abnormalities may cause low VA/Q regions to form.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Diffusion capacity and oxygen desaturation effects on exercise in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Although a fall in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during exercise has been reported in patients with advanced lung disease due to cystic fibrosis (CF), not every patient with advanced disease desaturates, and pulmonary function tests have not been considered predictive as to which patient will desaturate. This study evaluated oxygen desaturation by ear oximetry during a progressive exercise test in 21 patients with CF and compared it to forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the forced vital capacity (FVC) and the single breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DCO), all expressed as percent predicted. During exercise, the SaO2 fell less than 0.25 percent per ml of the maximal O2 consumption per kilogram of body weight to values never less than 90 percent in 15 patients (group A), whereas it fell more than this and always to values at the end of exercise of less than 90 percent in six others (group B). The FEV1 ranged from 103 percent predicted to 37 percent for group A compared to 28 to 17 percent in group B, while the range of FEV1/FVC was 87 to 52 percent for group A and 54 to 40 percent for group B. The range of DCO for group A was 129 to 84 percent compared to 64 to 54 percent. In conclusion, this study found that both the FEV1 and the DCO could separate those that had significant desaturation from those that did not and that no patient with a DCO of 80 percent or greater had significant desaturation during exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Diaphragm dysfunction in mixed connective tissue disease. A case report.

A patient with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) presented the typical signs of respiratory muscle weakness and marked diaphragm dysfunction: reduced maximal ex- and inspiratory transrespiratory pressures (measured at FRC), maximal transdiaphragmatic pressures and transpulmonary pressures at TLC, FRC and RV. this insufficiency of the diaphragm was also responsible for the restrictive ventilatory defect and the decreased static lung compliance with high diffusing capacity per unit lung volume.

Adult↗