SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The "traditional" venereal diseases account for a small fraction of the sexually transmitted diseases prevalent in industrialized societies. The clinical as well as the public health impact of the widening range of STDs is discussed.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
One hundred patients with chronic diarrhea were seen in the Department of Internal Medicine at the Centre Hospitalier de Kigali, Rwanda; stool and/or rectal swab culture was performed for these patients, and they underwent rectoscopy and serological testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 39 (39%) of the patients: Shigella species (22 of 100 patients tested), non-typhi Salmonella (11/100), Aeromonas species (5/60), and Campylobacter species (4/60). Rectocolitis was seen in 70 (70%) of the patients. HIV-1 antibodies were detected in 82 (94%) of 87 patients tested. Cytomegalovirus was not found in rectal biopsy specimens from 29 patients. Entamoeba histolytica was detected in two of 31 rectal smears. Idiopathic ulcerative colitis was diagnosed for two HIV-1-seropositive patients. One or more AIDS-defining diseases were found in 32 (32%) of the patients, and 72 (72%) fulfilled the World Health Organization's clinical case definition criteria for AIDS. Chronic diarrhea, as seen in a hospital setting in a region highly endemic for HIV-1 infection, is strongly associated with HIV-1 infection, with rectocolonic inflammation, and with infection due to enteropathogenic bacteria.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of high-dose radiotherapy for prostate cancer using proton boost therapy following photon radiotherapy. METHODS: The primary endpoint was acute grade 3 or greater genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities. The study included patients with clinical stage T1-3N0M0 prostate cancer. Radiotherapy consisted of 50 Gy/25 fx photon irradiation to the prostate and the bilateral seminal vesicles followed by proton boost of 26 Gy(E)/13 fx to the prostate alone. Hormonal therapy was allowed before and during the radiation therapy. RESULTS: Between January 2001 and January 2003, 30 patients were enrolled in this study. Acute grade 1/2 GU and GI toxicities were observed in 20/4 and 17/0 patients, respectively. With the median follow-up period of 30 months (range 20-45), late grade 1/2 GU and GI toxicities occurred in 2/3 and 8/3 patients, respectively. No grade 3 or greater acute or late toxicities were observed. All patients were alive, but six patients relapsed biochemically after 7-24 months. CONCLUSIONS: Proton boost therapy following photon radiotherapy for prostate cancer is feasible. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of proton beam therapy, a multi-institutional phase II trial is in progress in Japan.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The argon plasma coagulator is a device used for noncontact thermal coagulation of tissue. The device was first used in open and laparoscopic surgical procedures and in 1991 was adapted for use in endoscopy. Since then, argon plasma coagulation has expanded its clinical applications in the treatment of various gastrointestinal conditions. The endoscopy nurse plays an important role in the care of patients before, during, and after argon plasma coagulation treatment. This article reviews the principles and components of the argon plasma coagulator, and provides a summary of the various clinical applications, patient safety practices, and potential complications of argon plasma coagulation therapy.
OBJECTIVES: To assess safety and acceptability of Reality condoms for anal sex among men who have sex with men. METHODS: Crossover study among HIV-seroconcordant (33 HIV-negative and 5 HIV-positive) monogamous male couples, randomized to latex male and Reality condom use with anal sex. RESULTS: Slippage with removal was reported more frequently with Reality than male latex condoms [odds ratio (OR), 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2-5.8 for receptive partners and OR, 34.1; 95% CI, 13.8-84.1 for insertive partners]. Receptive partners more frequently reported pain or discomfort (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 2.6-9.4) and rectal bleeding (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.9-4.1) with Reality condoms than male condoms. Over 20% reported willingness to use the Reality condom in the future with a partner of unknown HIV status; willingness was associated with past problems with male condoms and no problems with Reality condoms among receptive partners, and with past use of Reality condoms and HIV seropositivity among insertive partners. CONCLUSIONS: Men reported more frequent problems with Reality condoms than male latex condoms used for anal intercourse, particularly slippage, discomfort, and rectal bleeding. Design modifications, training, and research on the clinical significance of safety outcomes are needed for use of Reality condoms with anal sex.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Radiation therapy directed at the abdomen may damage the digestive tract, the type and extent of injury depending on the dose of the radiation and the radiation sensitivity of the gut. Characteristic early changes are manifest in the mucosa of the gut: for later ulceration, changes in the collagen tissues and particularly in the vascular channels occur. This paper describes and characterizes injuries to the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing radiation-induced damage to the gut which may occur early or late after radiation.
A 23-year-old white women complained of sore throat and difficulty in breathing. Examination of her larynx revealed chronic inflammatory changes of the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds, and a biopsy demonstrated chronic granulomatous reaction. Six months later she developed chronic diarrhea, rectal pain, and typical anorectal findings of Crohn's disease. Biopsy of the anus revealed the same microscopic features as in the laryngeal structures. Treatment in keeping with the acceptable but limited measures for Crohn's disease brought improvement in both areas of inflammation. We feel this patient has Crohn's disease in the larynx, involvement which preceded that of the gastrointestinal tract.
Radiation proctopathy can be a disabling delayed outcome of radiation therapy directed at pelvic malignancies. Rectal outlet bleeding can be severe enough to result in anemia and transfusion dependency. Bleeding typically develops from 6 months to 1 year after completion of radiation therapy and is caused by friable mucosal angioectasias. Although many approaches to controlling bleeding from chronic radiation proctopathy have been attempted, ranging from topical enema formulations to surgical diversion of the rectum, endoscopic coagulation therapy remains the most effective. This review provides the background issues surrounding the development of chronic bleeding radiation proctopathy and focuses on endoscopic methods of treatment.
Two girls aged 1 9/12 years and 5 months were treated for necrotizing perianal infection. In both patients, the necrotizing ulcers around the anus developed following an episode of diarrhea. A poor nutritional status with low body weight (25th percentile) and hypoalbuminemia (2.5 g/L) in the elder patient, as well as a hypogammaglobulinemia in the younger one, may predispose them to bacterial infection and subsequent perianal lesions. Anorectal trauma was denied. The necrotizing infection was confined to the skin and the subcutaneous tissue layer, and both patients had a benign clinical course. We report it and briefly discuss the etiology and treatment of this rare disorder.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.