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At least 1,585 records · Page 88Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

A rare muscular anomaly in the upper arm--the chondroepitrochlearis muscle with an aberrant type of the muscular arch of axilla.

A rare muscular anomaly was found in the right arm of a 92-year-old man at Nagoya University in 1995. The anomalous muscle had two heads, one ventral and one dorsal. The ventral head was a continuation of the abdominal part of the pectoralis major muscle, and the dorsal head arose from the lateral surface of the latissimus dorsi muscle. The two heads united at the medical surface of the upper third of the arm to form a common tendon, which descended on the medial surface of the upper arm parallel with a long tendon of the coracobrachialis muscle and attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. This anomalous muscle was supplied by the most caudal branch of the pectoral ansa (caudal pectoral nerve) and the intercostobrachial nerve (Th2). This pectoral nerve first innervated the ventral head, and next the greater part of the dorsal head. The intercostobrachial nerve (Th2) innervated a small part of the dorsal head. The present anomaly looked quite similar to the case reported by Yokoh as the coexistence of the chondroepitrochlearis and the dorsoepitrochlearis muscles. However, judging from the muscular origin, insertion and innervation, the ventral head was considered to be the chondroepitrochlearis muscle, whereas the dorsal head was not dorsoepitrochlearis muscle but an aberrant type of the muscular arch of axilla.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Characterization of the C-protein from posterior latissimus dorsi muscle of the adult chicken: heterogeneity within a single sarcomere.

Specific isoforms of myofibrillar proteins are expressed in different muscles and in various fiber types within a single muscle. We have isolated and characterized monoclonal antibodies against C-proteins from slow tonic (anterior latissimus dorsi, ALD) and fast twitch (pectoralis major) muscles of the chicken. Although the antibody against "fast" C-protein (MF-1) did not bind to the "slow" isoform and the antibody to the "slow" C-protein (ALD-66) did not bind to the "fast" isoform, we observed that both antibodies bound C-protein from the posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscle. Here we demonstrate that in the PLD muscle the binding sites of these two antibodies reside in two different C-protein isoforms which have different molecular weights and can be separated by hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Since we have shown previously that both these antibodies stain all myofibers and myofibrils derived from PLD muscle, we conclude that all myofibers in this muscle contain both isoforms with all sarcomeres.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[A case report of monitoring neuromuscular blockade during anesthesia in a patient with facioscapulohumeral muscle dystrophy].

Facioscapulohumeral muscle dystrophy (FSHMD) is characterized by slowly progressive wasting of facial, pectoral and shoulder-girdle muscles that begins in adolescence. A 31 year-old man with FSHMD had dystrophic changes in the deltoid, anterior serratus and pectoralis major muscles but not in the distal muscle of his arms and legs. He underwent an operation for thoraco-scapula fixation under enflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia with vecuronium 6 mg. At the end of the surgical procedure, the train-of-four (TOF) responses of a thumb and a toe, as measured by using an acceleration transducer, were recorded simultaneously. TOF stimulation in an arm demonstrated an apparent fade phenomenon (TOF; 0.54), while a TOF test in the leg showed complete recovery of the TOF ratio (TOF; 1.0). The patient revealed no clinical signs of residual neuromuscular blockade. It was clear that there was a difference in the degree of neuromuscular block between the arm and the leg in a FSHMD patient. Use of the peripheral nerve stimulator only in the arm may be an unreliable guide to assess neuromuscular block in FSHMD patients. Therefore, two sites should be chosen for monitoring neuromuscular blockade in a FSHMD patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of dietary lysine on muscle protein turnover in growing chickens.

Day-old male chickens were fed ad libitum isoenergetic diets containing 20% crude protein but differing in their lysine content (from 6.5 up to 11.3 g/kg). At 3 weeks of age, protein fractional synthesis rates in the pectoralis major muscle were determined using a large dose injection of 120 mumol per kg body weight of L-[4-3H] phenylalanine. Protein gain in the pectoralis major was measured between 19 and 23 days of age. Protein breakdown was obtained by calculating the difference between protein synthesis and deposition. Weight gain varied curvilinearly with dietary lysine intake and was maximum for 11.3 g lysine/kg of diet. In birds fed an adequate lysine intake (10.1-11.3 g/kg) protein fractional synthesis and breakdown rates were 23.6-25.9 and 17.8-19.8%/d respectively. Increasing lysine supplementation in the diet resulted in an impairment of protein fractional breakdown rates. By contrast, protein fractional synthesis rates remained unchanged owing mainly to an improvement in the synthesis efficiency (kRNA), until birds were fed an adequate lysine intake. These data suggest that the growth rate reduction of chickens fed lysine deficient diets was due to alterations in both rates of protein synthesis and breakdown in skeletal muscle. A maximum protein deposition is achieved when kRNA was optimal, ie for a dietary lysine content of about 9 g/kg, a value close to the requirement.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Left ventricular assistance in dogs using a skeletal muscle powered device for diastolic augmentation.

A pulse train stimulator was developed for skeletal muscle stimulation synchronous to the myocardium. Left ventricle contraction was augmented by a stimulated rectus abdominis muscle pedicle grafted into the left ventricular wall. A miniaturized and programmable stimulator was built. The stimulation parameters for this device were optimized and the configuration of a skeletal muscle powered assist device for cardiac assistance was investigated in acute canine experiments. A hydraulic balloon preparation was used to characterize stimulation parameters and to compare rectus abdominis, latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major muscles as power sources. Assist devices evaluated included a left ventricle apico-aortic conduit with a central pumping chamber and an extra-aortic balloon pump. The pumping chambers were either wrapped by the rectus abdominis and latissimus dorsi pedicles, or placed deep into the pectoralis major. The optimal stimulation parameters were pulse trains of 200 msec duration containing pulses 240 mu wide at a frequency of 35 pulses/second. There was no fatigue over a ten hour period despite stimulation at a rate of 120 contractions/minute. Muscle dissection and selection were determinants of fatigability. However, counter-pulsation was possible regardless of the muscle selected. The most efficient device was an extra-aortic balloon pump. There was a consistent increase in subendocardial viability index (DPTI/TTI). The advantages in using a skeletal muscle power source for diastolic rather than systolic assistance were established.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1997

Gross mosaic pattern of mitochondrial DNA deletions in skeletal muscle tissues of an individual adult human subject.

Using polymerase chain reaction techniques, the patterns of mitochondrial DNA deletions (which characteristically occur at low abundance during ageing) were compared in different skeletal muscle samples of an adult human subject. In one particular section of the biceps muscle, an unusual pattern of mitochondrial DNA deletions was detected; the common 4977 bp deletion was absent, but other deletions were observed. In pectoralis (chest) muscle, deletions commonly seen in normal adults were readily detected, including the 4977 bp deletion. Significantly, different patterns of mtDNA deletions were found in two adjacent parts of the same biceps muscle sample: one was the unusual pattern mentioned above, but the other part clearly contained the 4977 bp deletion. The results therefore demonstrate a gross mosaic pattern of mtDNA deletions in the skeletal muscle tissues of an individual human subject.

Adult↗