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PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal bone showing otosclerosis, paget's disease and adenocarcinoma.

In a pair of temporal bones serial sectioning revealed widespread Paget's disease with otosclerosis on both sides and, at the right side, adenocarcinoma added. Stapedial fixation was produced on the right by otosclerosis, and on the left by Paget's disease. In the contest to reach the inner cochlear space, Paget was the winner on the left, where, at the tympanic scala, otosclerosis and Paget's disease almost met, while the immediately adjacent organ o Corti was uninvolved.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Chronic multifocal cleido-metaphyseal osteomyelitis of childhood. Report of a case.

A case of chronic, multifocal hematogenous osteomyelitis in a child is descirbed. It represents a special, well-defined clinical variant of this disease, which obviously reflects a more or less balanced relationship between the bacterial aggressor and the defense mechanisms. Exacerbations of old processes, and spread to new sites, can be ascribed to a temporary imbalance.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between clinical and radiographic findings in patients with mandibular pain or dysfunction.

The diagnosis of organic disease of the temporomandibular joint is often based on radiographic findings. The relationship between the radiographic findings in this joint and in hand joints, and clinical findings in the masticatory system, was analysed. The results showed that patients with crepitation of the temporomandibular joint frequently have radiographic abnormalities in this joint and in hand joints. Subcortical sclerosis and reduced joint space were significantly correlated with the number of occluding pairs of molar teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Erdheim-Chester disease with extensive marrow necrosis: a case report and literature review.

Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare systemic disorder characterized by a fibrosing xanthogranulomatous infiltration of multiple organs. We report a case of Erdheim-Chester disease with diffuse necrosis leading to difficulty in making a prompt diagnosis. Radiologically, osteosclerotic lesions with osteolytic element involved metadiaphyses of both proximal tibia, and retroperitoneal infiltrations encasing both kidneys, both adrenals, and aorta were found. A biopsy of the tibia showed diffuse infiltration of foamy histiocytes, Touton-type giant cells, and fibroblastic cells associated with extensive coagulative necrosis. Immunohistochemically, foamy histiocytes were positive for CD68 and peanut agglutinin and negative for S-100 protein. A few Langerhans' cells, which were difficult to identify in hematoxylin-eosin stain, were highlighted by immunostain for S-100 protein. The patient received supportive therapy and was alive 1 1/2 years after diagnosis, with newly developed bilateral retrobulbar lesions and worsened heart failure.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Inflammation-induced bone remodeling in periodontal disease and the influence of post-menopausal osteoporosis.

During physiological conditions, the skeleton is remodeled in so-called bone multi-cellular units. Such units have been estimated to exist at 1-2 x 10(6) sites in the adult skeleton. The number and activities of these units are regulated by a variety of hormones and cytokines. In post-menopausal osteoporosis, lack of estrogen leads to increased numbers of bone multi-cellular units and to uncoupling of bone formation and bone resorption, resulting in too little bone laid down by osteoblasts compared with the amount of bone resorbed by osteoclasts. Inflammatory processes in the vicinity of the skeleton, e.g., marginal and apical periodontitis, will affect the remodeling of the nearby bone tissue in such a way that, in most patients, the amount of bone resorbed exceeds that being formed, resulting in net bone loss (inflammation-induced osteolysis). In some patients, however, inflammation-induced bone formation exceeds resorption, and a sclerotic lesion will develop. The cellular and molecular pathogenetic mechanisms in inflammation-induced osteolysis and sclerosis are discussed in the present review. The cytokines believed to be involved in inflammation-induced remodeling are very similar to those suggested to play crucial roles in post-menopausal osteoporosis. In patients with periodontal disease and concomitant post-menopausal osteoporosis, the possibility exists that the lack of estrogen influences the activities of bone cells and immune cells in such a way that the progression of alveolar bone loss will be enhanced. In the present paper, the evidence for and against this hypothesis is presented.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: a case report].

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a recognized condition that usually affects children and adolescents. It's characterized by insidious onset of local swelling and pain in affected bones. Clinical, biological and especially radiological abnormalities are suggestive of septic osteomyelitis, so the diagnosis is delayed. Bone biopsy with culture is certainly necessary to rule out bacterial osteomyelitis and bone tumor. Authors report the case of a 27-years old man in whom the diagnosis of CRMO was done after 14 years course.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Regulation of osteoblast differentiation: a novel function for fibroblast growth factor 8.

Several members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family have an important role in the development of skeletal tissues. FGF-8 is widely expressed in the developing skeleton, but its function there has remained unknown. We asked in this study whether FGF-8 could have a role in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to an osteoblastic lineage. Addition of FGF-8 to mouse bone marrow cultures effectively increased initial cell proliferation as well as subsequent osteoblast-specific alkaline phosphatase production, bone nodule formation, and calcium accumulation if it was added to the cultures at an early stage of osteoblastic differentiation. Exogenous FGF-8 also stimulated the proliferation of MG63 osteosarcoma cells, which was blocked by a neutralizing antibody to FGF-8b. In addition, the heparin-binding growth factor fraction of Shionogi 115 (S115) mouse breast cancer cells, which express and secrete FGF-8 at a very high level, had an effect in bone marrow cultures similar to that of exogenous FGF-8. Interestingly, experimental nude mouse tumors of S115 cells present ectopic bone and cartilage formation as demonstrated by typical histology and expression of markers specific for cartilage (type II and IX collagen) and bone (osteocalcin). These results demonstrate that FGF-8 effectively predetermines bone marrow cells to differentiate to osteoblasts and increases bone formation in vitro. It is possible that FGF-8 also stimulates bone formation in vivo. The results suggest that FGF-8, which is expressed by a great proportion of malignant breast and prostate tumors, may, among other factors, also be involved in the formation of osteosclerotic bone metastases.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Elevated levels of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (calbindin-D9k) in the osteosclerotic (oc) mouse.

The osteosclerotic (oc) mouse is an osteopetrotic mutation that has recently been identified as having rickets associated with its osteopetrosis. The presence of this rachitic lesion, unexplainable from a nutritional standpoint, prompted an investigation into the vitamin D endocrine system in these animals. The developmental appearance of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (calbindin-D9k) and alkaline phosphatase was studied in oc mutant and normal mice from birth to weaning, as were serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], calcium, and phosphorus. Intestinal and renal calbindin-D9k levels were markedly and precociously elevated (4- to 9-fold) in young suckling, but not newborn, mutant mice compared to values in normal controls. Serum 25OHD3 levels were very low to undetectable in 2-week-old mutant mice compared to normal values, while 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels were 6 times higher in mutants. The exact cause of this premature induction in mutants is unknown, but may be due to elevated circulating levels of 1,25-(OH)2D. Alkaline phosphatase activity was similar between phenotypes at all ages. These studies indicate that the rachitic lesion present in oc mutants may be the result of some inherited disorder in vitamin D metabolism in these animals. Alternatively, these data are also consistent with a normal appropriate response to hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia resulting from decreased osteoclastic bone resorption.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

Polyneuropathy, skin hyperpigmentation, edema, and hypertrichosis in localized osteosclerotic myeloma.

1 61-year-old man had osteosclerotic myeloma that was localized in the eleventh thoracic vertebral body and associated with sensorimotor polyneuropathy, skin hyperipigmentation, edema, hypertrichosis, gynecomastia, and white nails. Cases of osteosclerotic myeloma with and without polyneuropathy in the literature were reviewed with special reference to accompanying dermatologic and endocrinologic signs and synmptoms. We assume that the polyneuropathy, cutaneous hyperpigmentation, edema, hypertrichosis, gynecomastia, and white nails are causally related to each other and are a remote effect of osteosclerotic myeloma. Quantitative histologic analysis of two sural nerves biopsied within 2 years of each other during the course of the disease indicated that both large and small myelinated fibers degenerated progressively, with relative preservation of unmyelinated fibers.

Edema↗
PubMed1983

Osteosclerotic myeloma and peripheral neuropathy.

Sixteen cases of osteosclerotic myeloma and peripheral neuropathy (SM-PN) were reviewed. The neuropathy resembled chronic inflammatory-demyelinating polyneuropathy with predominantly motor disability, high CSF protein levels, and low motor nerve conduction velocities. Twelve of the 16 patients had detectable levels of monoclonal serum proteins, all with lambda light chains, but results of other laboratory studies were usually normal. Most of the patients also had organomegaly, endocrine abnormalities, or both. Treatment of solitary lesions with tumoricidal irradiation usually improved the neuropathy and reversed the nonneurologic abnormalities; chemotherapy for multiple osteosclerotic lesions was less helpful.

Adult↗