Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “OSSIFICATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,585 records · Page 88Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Heterotopic ossification in the hand of a patient with spinal cord injury.

Heterotopic ossification (HO), reported to occur in 20% to 40% of spinal cord injured patients, has been described in the hips, knees, shoulders and elbows, but not in the hands or around the phalangeal joints. This report is believed to be the first of HO of the hand after spinal cord injury. Nine weeks after injury, a diving accident, a 27-year-old man having C6 quadriplegia, motor complete, sensory incomplete, developed acute swelling and loss of range of motion in both hands. Serum alkaline phosphatase showed no significant rise. Bone scan demonstrated increased uptake in many joints of the left hand with x-rays remaining normal. Repeat films three weeks later demonstrated calcific densities adjacent to the midshaft of the proximal phalanx of the left finger. Twice daily range of motion of the hand resulted in improved range of motion. the etiology of HO in spinal cord injured patients remains unknown, and we have no explanation of its occurrence in the hands of this patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[[Studies of Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine using microradiography and histochemistry (author's transl)].

ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is seen by X-ray as a condition which shows a heterotopically formed bony shadow at the posterior part of vertebral bodies of the cervical spine. OPLL causing severe myelopathy is called a Japanese disease. Recently, it has been shown that this condition is not only seen in Japan, but also in other countries especially in Asia. In order to obtain information of pathogenesis of this condition, the present author carried out histochemical investigations on 2 autopsy cases which had been treated as OPLL myelopathy, and 12 surgical materials. Totally 30 spinal vertebrae were examined. They were prepared for study with undemineralized ground sections mainly. The following results were obtained. 1) Microradiography revealed that the calcified tissue on the ligament had two marked structures, one was highly calcified tissue, and the other was bony tissue with lower density. 2) Most of the highly calcified tissue with variable distribution ranging from a sparse to a dense one contained round radiolucent spots probably consisting of cartilage-like cells. This type of calcified tissue is accompanied by the organic matrix, which was stainable with van Gieson stain, PAS reaction, Alcian blue stain and toluidin blue metachromasia. 3) A part of highly calcified tissue showed linearly distributed pattern without radiolucent round spots. This type of calcified tissue was also stained with van Gieson stain and PAS reaction. However, this organic matrix was not accompanied by marked reaction of acid mucopolysaccharides. 4) No essential histochemical difference was found between the highly calcified tissue on the ligament and other various types of heterotopically formed calcified tissue. 5) Microradiography revealed the remnant of resorption process at the boundary between the highly calcified tissue and the bony tissue. This finding of the resorption lacunae indicated that the highly calcified tissue was formed initially, followed by bone tissue formation. The process of internal remodeling was also observed in the bony tissue. 6) The distribution of the highly calcified tissue, bony tissue and resorption cavities indicated several patterns of remodeling process which was characterized by the new bone formation at the region near the vertebral body. These characteristics were apparently due to the mechanical stresses acting on this bony structures, as seen in some other heterotopic bone formations such as the healing process of fracture or tooth extraction socket.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of posterior longitudinal ligament ossification: its appearance and diagnostic value with special reference to thoracic lesions.

An earlier review of the lateral chest radiographs of 8,610 Hiroshima and Nagasaki Adult Health Study subjects revealed 48 persons with posterior longitudinal ligament ossification (PLLO) in the thoracic region. Seven additional PLLO cases detected outside that observation period brought the total to 55. Among them, 15 patients with neurological signs and/or the greatest degree of thoracic PLLO were selected for computed tomography (CT) of the spine in the present study. Computed tomography proved extremely valuable in identifying the location, shape, and severity of PLLO. In two cases, CT differentiated some lesions previously regarded to be PLLO as actually due to hypertrophic margins of vertebral bodies. Possible explanations are included for the development of the laminated or tandem type PLLO, and PLLO that is located laterally rather than in midline.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Forceful joint manipulation in head-injured adults with heterotopic ossification.

Twenty-eight joints with heterotopic ossification in 16 head-injured adults were forcefully manipulated 39 times under general anesthesia. The etiology of the heterotopic bone was trauma in seven joints and idiopathic (neurogenic) in 21. Indications for manipulation were inability to participate in therapy due to a lowered pain threshold, uncontrolled spasticity, voluntary muscle guarding or early bony ankylosis. An increase in motion was achieved under anesthesia in 23 joints (82%). Eighteen joints (64%) maintained or gained further motion with rehabilitation. Repeated manipulations were indicated if the patient evidenced neurological improvement. Five of 11 hips were manipulated once, five twice, and one hip three times. Seven hips (63%) gained an average of 52 degrees. Seven of 13 elbows were manipulated once and six twice. Eight elbows (62%) gained an average of 47 degrees. Four shoulders were manipulated, and three of the four increased in degree of external rotation. No exacerbation of the heterotopic process was detected. No fractures of long bones occurred.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Radiation therapy in the prevention of heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty.

The administration of radiation to prevent heterotopic bone formation after total hip arthroplasty has been highly successful in this prospective study. It was extremely effective in high-risk patients, including those with preexisting heterotopic ossification. No early deleterious effects were noted. Long-term follow-up is planned to observe for late tumor induction. No wound complications were encountered. Trochanteric nonunions did occur and may be in part related to the radiation. This study demonstrated the importance of the early initiation of treatment. Ninety-eight percent of high-risk patients who began treatment on the second to fourth day postoperatively were free of heterotopic bone after surgery. Meticulous technique is always employed to eliminate debris in the surgical wound, and soft tissues are handled carefully. The search continues for a more complete explanation of the pathogenesis of heterotopic bone formation. A current study has been constructed to demonstrate the minimum dose of radiation that will continue to be effective. Further evaluation of methods to more accurately identify the high-risk patient continues. The effectiveness of radiation therapy in the prevention of heterotopic bone following total hip replacement has been shown.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Traumatic myositis ossificans. Posttraumatic non-neoplastic heterotopic ossification].

Myositis ossificans traumatica (MOT) is a nonneoplastic, heterotopic ossification of soft tissues i.e. skeletal muscle, tendons, aponeuroses and fascia. It is often encountered in young male athletes participating in contact sports as a result of a single or repeated contusion. MOT tends to be solitary, localized and well circumscribed with a self-limited growth potential that may culminate in regression. The pathogenesis of MOT is still enigmatic. Recent animal experiments have led to a theory that mesenchymal connective tissue cells, undergo metaplasia induced by trauma and probably osteogenic proteins, to fibroblasts and osteoblasts. These cells deposit and structure osteoid centripetally in the lesion. As the lesion matures, cancellous bone develops into mature, lamellar bone in the periphery of the lesion. In its earlier stages MOT is easily cytologically and radiologically confused with osteogenic sarcoma. The management of MOT is largely conservative and the principles are of considerable value to physicians and physiotherapists engaged in the treatment of sports injuries. This article reviews the various forms of myositis ossificans as well as the pathology, diagnosis and treatment options.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, diffuse, idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, abnormal retinol and retinol binding protein: a familial observation.

We describe a 52-year-old man who presented with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, and abnormal levels of retinol and retinol binding protein (RBP). The molar retinol/retinol binding protein ratio was high, suggesting congenital functional RBP deficiency. His two sons, aged 23 and 27 years, shared the same biological abnormality without clinical symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of such a familial association.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Heterotopic ossification following total hip arthroplasty.

Although heterotopic ossification following total hip arthroplasty is frequently observed radiographically, it fortunately is much less commonly of clinical importance. There are, however, a group of patients that develop significant heterotopic bone formation, which can be symptomatic and, in some cases, can require repeat surgery. Careful surgical technique seems indicated in all patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty to try to reduce the incidence of this problem. Patients who are recognized to be at risk should be treated with prophylaxis. These include patients with active ankylosing spondylitis, skeletal hyperostosis, and prior heterotopic bone formation. Both low-dose radiation and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories have been shown to be effective. The choice between these two modalities depends on the patient's individual circumstances, the availability of radiotherapy support (including custom shielding for ingrowth components), and the presence of areas of bone grafting and any osteotomies or fractures. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, particularly Indomethacin, are a very acceptable form of prophylaxis and may be preferred in certain patients, including young women of childbearing age. Radiation is preferred in those patients with known GI intolerance to these medications or with a prior history of peptic ulcer disease. Excision of heterotopic bone, if symptomatic, should not be performed before 6 to 12 months and then only once it is clear that the process is mature. Bone scans can be helpful in assessing the maturity of heterotopic bone and can guide the timing of excision. Prophylaxis should be carried out in all patients following excision of heterotopic bone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1994

[Double crush syndrome in patients with cervical spondylosis or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament--a clinicophysiological study].

To clarify the clinical characteristics of double crush syndrome (DCS), we evaluated 207 patients with cervical spondylosis (CS) and 19 with ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine (OPLL) clinicophysiologically. A diagnosis of DCS was based on the following criteria; 1) radiological evidence of CS or OPLL on X-ray films; 2) definite spinal cord compression on cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); 3) neurological deficits in the upper extremities resulting from CS or OPLL; and 4) clinical and/or electrophysiological evidence of entrapment neuropathies in the upper extremities, namely carpal tunnel syndrome (CaTS), Guyon's tunnel syndrome (GTS), and/or cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS). Pressure-provocative tests were used to confirm clinical entrapment neuropathies. Nerve conduction velocities were also examined. We found 28 patients with DCS (23 CS, 5 OPLL; 12.8% of all patients). There were 9 patients with clinical and electrophysiological DCS, 5 with clinical DCS, and 14 with electrophysiological DCS. Of the total number of patients with DCS, 21 proved to have CaTS, 4 had CuTS, 1 had GTS, 1 had both CaTS and CuTS, and 1 had both CaTS and GTS. Definite spinal cord compression was seen at C5/6 (23 patients), C4/5 (21), C3/4 (13) and C6/7 (10) on cervical MRI. In the majority of patients, neurological deficits of the upper extremities did not result from a single peripheral nerve lesion. It is well known that a discrepancy between neurological manifestation and neuro-imaging sometimes occurs in CS and OPLL, and circulatory disturbance in the spinal cord has been considered a possible pathogenetic mechanism of the disorder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Prevention of para-articular ossifications after endoprosthetic hip joint replacement by postoperative irradiation].

In a prospectively randomized study, 137 patients with 141 hips at high risk for heterotopic ossification (HO) received prophylactic radiation therapy (RT). Patients were randomly assigned to a low-dose regimen of five fractions of 2 Gy each (n = 73) or a high-dose regimen of either 10 fractions of 2 Gy each (n = 7) or five fractions of 3.5 Gy each (n = 61). Treatment outcome was assessed by comparing immediately postoperative radiographs with radiographs obtained at least 6 months after hip surgery (Brooker grading score). Positive responses (ie, effective prophylaxis of HO) were seen in 129 (91.5%) hips. Treatment failures were observed in 12 (8.5%). Use of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) lowered the failure rate in both groups. High RT dose with a short duration (< or = 9 days) and use of an NSAID was significantly (p = 0.009) correlated with treatment success. RT delivered within a few days after hip surgery is effective in preventing HO, even in high-risk patients, and provides an alternative of at least equal value for patients with contraindications to long-term medication with either NSAIDs or corticosteroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Thoracic myelopathy due to isolated ossification of the ligamentum flavum.

We report a 72-year-old patient with thoracic myelopathy due to isolated ossification of the ligamentum flavum at T9-T10. Severe paraparesis had developed before the lesion was identified when thinning of a segment of the lower thoracic spinal cord was suspected on a second MRI examination. The diagnosis was then established by CT.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Idiopathic heterotopic ossification].

Three cases of localized, benign heterotopic ossification, occurred in the hip joint region, are presented. The aspects of the pathogenesis, differential diagnosis and prognosis are briefly discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1994

Achilles tendon ossification.

The authors describe the case of a patient who had an ossified Achilles tendon without fracture. Such ossification is uncommon, occurring most often after trauma or surgery.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Late occlusion of a polytetrafluoroethylene femoropopliteal graft due to implant calcification and heterotopic ossification.

A case of late occlusion due to thrombosis in a femoropopliteal polytetrafluoroethylene implant, following 9 years of good function with a 2-month period of impaired flexion of the knee due to heterotopic bone formation around the graft, is presented. The present case is an example of local calcification within the graft and a rare example of heterotopic ossification around the implant.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Heterotopic ossification prophylaxis following operative treatment of acetabular fracture.

Eighty seven patients with 88 fractures were retrospectively reviewed to assess the effect of postoperative prophylaxis on the formation of heterotopic ossification (HO). Sixty eight patients with 69 acetabular fractures were followed for an average of 21 months (range, 3-98 months). The grade of HO was assessed using the Brooker classification system. Thirty four fractures had no prophylactic treatment, 30 were treated prophylactically with indomethacin, two with radiation therapy, and three with both indomethacin and radiation. Twenty (59%) of 34 untreated fractures developed HO, of which nine (26%) were Grade III or IV. Thirteen (43%) of 30 fractures treated with indomethacin developed HO, of which 5 (16%) were Grade III and none were Grade IV. Twenty one of 24 fractures were stabilized through the extended iliofemoral approach; 13 of these had no prophylaxis. Eleven of the 13 developed HO; eight were Grade III or IV (62%). Seven of eight fractures treated with indomethacin following the extended iliofemoral approach developed HO; one was Grade III (13%) and non Grade IV. There was no significant difference between 13 patients who were not treated prophylactically and 18 indomethacin treated patients stabilized through the Kocher-Langenbeck approach. Only one of 11 patients had HO (Grade I) following an ilioinguinal approach. Postoperative radiation therapy, with or without indomethacin, resulted in three patients with Grade 0 HO (all radiated 1-4 days post surgery), one with Grade II (radiated postoperative Day 8), and one with Grade III HO (significant delay in surgery with preoperative Grade III HO of the hip).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1994

Heterotopic ossification following operative treatment of acetabular fracture. An analysis of risk factors.

A total of 237 patients with surgically treated acetabular fractures were analyzed to identify the risk factors predisposing to development of heterotopic ossification (HO) following operative treatment, and to evaluate both clinical significance of HO and the clinical outcome of operative excision of ectopic bone. All patients had a minimum of 1 year followup time. The degree of HO was determined from anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis at the 1 year followup and was classified as Grade 0 or Grade 1 according to the amount of ectopic bone present. Forty patients (17%) who developed a moderate to severe amount of ectopic bone were classified as Grade 1. Nine who developed significant ectopic bone resulting in 20% or greater loss of hip motion underwent excision of the ectopic bone; all six available for followup showed an improvement in range of motion. A significant correlation was found between poor clinical results at the 1 year followup and Grade 1 ectopic bone formation (p < 0.001). Four factors found to highly correlate with Grade 1 ectopic bone formation were: (1) the iliofemoral surgical approach; (2) multiple (2 or more) operative findings; (3) T type fractures; and (4) the presence of associated injuries to the abdomen and chest.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1975

Heterotopic ossification.

Heterotopic ossification occurs in 20 to 25 per cent of all traumatic spinal cord injured patients; it is sufficiently extensive in about 1/3 of the affected group to limit the range of motion of paralyzed joints. When necessary, resection of heterotopic deposits may be successfully accomplished in those patients in which the deposits consist of mature bone. A minimum of 14 months is required for maturity. The surgical procedure depends upon the anatomical location of the heterotopic bone.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Ectopic ossification associated with osteoid osteoma in the acetabulum. A case report.

Ectopic bone formation was associated with osteoid osteoma in the anterior rim of the acetabulum. A factor, which has been speculated to be secreted from the nidus and is responsible for increased osteoblastic activity, also seemed to have the capacity to stimulate young mesenchymal cells to differentiate into an osteogenic pathway. A case of a 35-year-old woman with osteoid osteoma, which caused ectopic ossification adjacent to the nidus, is presented.

Acetabulum↗