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PubMed2001

[Human resource planning in orthodontics].

Content and background of the Capacity report 2001 for orthodontics in the Netherlands are discussed. The final conclusion of this report is that there is a yearly need of an input of 12 to 15 residents into postgraduate orthodontic programs. At the moment capacity of postgraduate training programs in the Netherlands is 4.5 resident yearly. Discussion is focussed on the advantages and disadvantages of the model used for the calculated estimations. More research on certain aspects of treatment need and demand is necessary. Implementation of the outcome will be a complex process for every party in the orthodontic field.

Education, Dental, Graduate↗
PubMed1998

[The study of presurgical and postsurgical orthodontic treatment of alveolar bone grafting on patients with complete cleft lip and palate].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the patients who need the orthodontic treatment before and after alveolar bone grafting; the selection of the indications and so on. METHODS: To select 20 patients with cleft lip and palate, each of them is treated by edgewise appliance, light-wire appliance or removable appliance half to one year before the operation. RESULTS: After orthodontic treatment, the patients' maxillary teeth are drawn up in order; the distorted teeth have the right positions; the shape of the arch is normal and the teeth beside the cleft are no longer oblique. All of these give a good space to the grafted bone. CONCLUSION: The orthodontic treatment before and after alveolar bone grafting is an important composition of serial treatment of cleft lip and palate. It not only gives a promise to the successful operation, but also makes patient a better shape and function of the occlusion.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2000

[An experimental investigation between osseointegration and stability of implants used as orthodontic anchorage in dogs].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between osseointegration and stability of three kinds of implants used as orthodontic anchorage in dogs. METHODS: HA-coated, titanium coated, and uncoated titanium implants were inserted into each femur of two dogs. After heal period of three months, the orthodontic force of 200 g was applied by means of Ni-Ti springs, which were connected to the two adjacent implants, for two months. The position change of implants was measured and calculated. The shear bond strength of interface between implant and bone was measured with push-test. The interface was observed with scanning electronic microscope. RESULTS: The distance changes of HA-coated, T-coated and uncoated groups were (-0.50 +/- 1.78) mm, (-0.05 +/- 1.76) mm and (0.29 +/- 1.77) mm, respectively, which showed no statistical difference. The shear strength values were (2.88 +/- 0.55) MPa, (1.89 +/- 0.81) MPa and (2.14 +/- 0.49) MPa, respectively. HA-coated implant contacted with bone closely and the bond strength was the highest. The other two implants were found no significant difference in bond strength. CONCLUSION: The osseointegration was found at the interface among all three kinds of implants and bone and no displacement was found during application of clinical orthodontic force.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusions with single maxillary extraction orthodontics].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects, indications and clinical significance of single maxillary extraction orthodontics used for class II division 1 malocclusions. METHODS: 14 class II division 1 patients were treated by single maxillary extraction orthodontics, the cephalometric data before and after treatment were analysed by statistical methods. RESULTS: After treatment, 1. the angle 1-FH had decreased by 11.03 degrees and the angle 1-MP had increased by 3.07 degrees; 2. The mandibular length had increased by 3.30 mm; 3. the upper and lower lip were retruded by 2.65 mm and 1.64 mm respectively. Statistical significance (P < 0.001-0.05) was found between the means before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Single maxillary extraction orthodontics is suitable for class II division 1 patients with less labial tipping of lower incisors and less lip protrusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The reassertion of latent growth patterns following orthodontic treatment.

This study reports on evaluation of the occlusion in 16 young adults who had been treated orthodontically an average of 10 years previously. Cases were from among dental students who, we assume, have high dental "IQs" and greater than average concern for stability of their orthodontic correction. Relapse of the orthodontic correction was substantial; both dental and skeletal dimensions relapsed--returned toward pretreatment conditions--to statistically and clinically obvious extents. Relapse is greater here than some other studies because of our longer recall period. Results focus attention on the importance of prolonged posttreatment retention and greater awareness on the patient's part of the role of posttreatment facial growth on relapse from adolescence into adulthood.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical study of preoperative orthodontic treatment for patients with cleft lip and palate].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the indication and time of preoperative orthodontic treatment for the patients with cleft lip and palate. METHODS: 16 cleft lip and palate patients (BCLP 6, UCLP 10) with severe cross-bite were selected. Edgewise appliance was used for the alignment and upper arch was expanded with quadhelix. RESULTS: After the orthodontic treatment, upper and lower arches were well aligned and the arch form was normal. Decompensation was achieved. Model surgery revealed that the upper and lower arches were harmonious. CONCLUSION: Preoperative orthodontic treatment is the key point to ensure the success of the surgery and to prevent relapse. Orthodontic/surgical approach can improve the patients' profile and function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The effectiveness of an ionic toothbrush in the removal of dental plaque and reduction on gingivitis in orthodontic patients.

This investigation was undertaken to determine if an ionic toothbrush was effective at removing plaque and reducing gingivitis in patients wearing orthodontic appliances. Fifty-two orthodontic patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups and completed a six-week double-blind study. Group 1 consisted of the test group using the ionic toothbrush with an active battery; group 2 consisted of the control group using the ionic toothbrush with an inactive battery. The plaque and gingival indices were measured at baseline, two weeks, and six weeks. The findings demonstrated that the active ionic toothbrush was no more effective at plaque removal and gingivitis reduction than the inactive toothbrush. Although the active toothbrush did effectively remove plaque and reduce gingivitis over the course of six weeks, it showed no significant improvement over the same toothbrush that contained an inactive battery. It was observed that the ionic toothbrush effectively reduced plaque and gingivitis regardless of the presence or absence of an active battery. The clinical findings demonstrated that an active ionic toothbrush was no more effective in removing plaque and reducing gingivitis in patients with orthodontic appliances than an inactive ionic toothbrush.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

EICO-1: an orthodontist-maintained expert system in clinical orthodontics.

Expert systems are increasingly being used to provide comprehensive interpretative services for diagnosis and treatment planning. Some of these systems are constrained by the complexities of rule-based strategies and a need for knowledge engineers throughout the maintenance phase. A new approach to knowledge acquisition known as Ripple-Down-Rules was used in the development of EICO-1 (Expert Interpretation in Clinical Orthodontics). This expert-maintained system for automating orthodontic reports has a knowledge base of six hundred and eighty rules, and is maintained by an expert trained only in Orthodontics and without the help of knowledge engineers. EICO-1 is the first expert system in Dentistry to use Ripple-Down-Rules. It has potential as an interactive advisory tool and is applicable in a clinical situation.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1999

The effect of orthodontic treatment on salivary flow, pH, buffer capacity, and levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli.

Fixed orthodontic treatment has been shown to cause an increased incidence of enamel demineralisation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in stimulated salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, and the levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli in patients undergoing therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances. Saliva samples, plaque index scores and dietary histories were taken from 21 sequential patients before the start of treatment, and one month and three months after placement of brackets and bands. There was a statistically significant increase in stimulated salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, plaque index scores, and in the levels of MS and lactobacilli after three months of active treatment. It is postulated that the balance between the cariogenic challenge posed by high levels of MS and lactobacilli, and the reparative effects of concurrent increases in salivary flow rate, pH and buffer capacity, determines the likelihood of mineral loss or gain over time. A failure to follow basic preventive measures may increase the risk for some patients of enamel decalcification during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Management of anterior spacing with orthodontics and prosthodontics.

Closing maxillary and mandibular diastemas is facilitated by a multidisciplinary approach involving orthodontics and prosthodontics. This case study demonstrates the management of a discrepancy in maxillary and mandibular anterior tooth widths. The problem is resolved by limited orthodontic treatment followed by porcelain laminate veneers. Anterior spacing is one of the major reasons adults seek esthetic treatment. Multidisciplinary treatment (periodontics, orthodontics and/or prosthodontics) is often indicated for an optimal result.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Effectiveness of a powered toothbrush compared with a manual toothbrush for orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.

Orthodontic patients with fixed appliances have an increased risk for caries and gingivitis. Therefore, the use of special toothbrushes and additional cleaning tools is recommended. The aim of this longitudinal study was to compare the plaque removal efficacy and reduction of gingivitis from using a powered toothbrush compared to a manual toothbrush in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Eighty subjects were included in the study with a mean age of 13.53 years. After a baseline examination, patients were randomly assigned to two groups and their teeth were professionally cleaned. The patients were assessed at baseline, two and four weeks using the QHI and SBI. The results showed a significantly superior plaque removal effect (p = 0.0001) and reduction of gingival inflammation (p < 0.05) in those patients using the powered versus the manual toothbrush. The findings were for both whole mouth and partial mouth assessments. In accordance with previous studies, it was demonstrated that the use of a powered toothbrush can be recommended for orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Cerec 3 for orthodontics: a tool for treating deep bite.

Bite-opening procedures are used in the early stages of orthodontic fixed treatment in order to: ease antero-posterior tooth movements; bracket the mandibular arch and level the Curve of Spee; prevent mandibular brackets from debonding; use regular straight archwires to proceed with treatment. For these purposes, removable or bonded biteplanes are universally recognized as very effective when the bite-opening is needed. Conventional orthodontic procedures include clinical solutions which effectively open the bite, but they all lack sufficient hygiene, comfort, and esthetics. The authors propose the use of the CAD-CAM technology with the Cerec 3 system (Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) to create an overcrown able to open the bite through clinical crown lengthening of the mandibular second premolars. The laboratory steps are described and the clinical efficacy is demonstrated with an orthodontic case report.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Application of Nd-Yag laser for gingivoplasty during orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To study the tissue's reaction and gingival healing after pulsed Nd-Yag laser surgery during orthodontic treatment. METHOD: Pulsed Nd-Yag laser was applied to 18 patients for gingivoplasty with an energy output of 140 mJ (25 Hz). Orthodontic brackets were bonded immediately after the laser surgery. RESULT: Gingivoplasty and brackets bonding were finished within a single surgery in all the 18 patients. The application of pulsed Nd-Yag laser yielded faster healing with less bleeding and infections. CONCLUSION: Nd-Yag laser is applicable and effective in gingivoplasty during orthodontic treatment, with many advantages over other treatment methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The long-term stability of dentition in skeletal class III malocclusion following orthodontic-orthognathic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To Investigate the changes in dentition at each treatment stage and to get some guidelines for clinical work. METHODS: Thirty-one cephalometric films of skeletal class III malocclusion patients were analyzed. All the patients were treated by orthodontic and orthognathic surgery. RESULTS: During presurgical orthodontic treatment, the lower Incisors were decompensated (labially Proclined by 7 degrees ). The upper incisors were uprighted during surgery following rotation of maxilla. After surgery, the upper anterior teeth kept tipping for ward. While the lower anterior teeth were In stable. The dentition was in good occlusion during observing stage. CONCLUSIONS: Lingually tipped lower Incisors were decompensated after presurgical orthodontic treatment in class III malocclusion patients, and lower Incisors kept in stable during observing stage, while the upper incisor had a little bit relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Anterior open bite: surgically or orthodontically treated].

OBJECTIVE: To study the boundary between orthodontic and surgical treatment in correction of anterior open bite. METHODS: 70 cases (18.0 ages in average) treated orthodontically and 14 cases (25.1 ages in average) treated surgically were chosen. 154 hard and soft tissue measurements were analyzed by statistical software. RESULTS: A diagnostic index, L1MP, was gained with simple factorial analysis. L1MP </= 89.5 was bound to be treated with surgery. A discriminate function, Z = -0.80188 L1MP + 0.91401 Age + 0.671111 Antigonial notch-MP + 0.599992 SNPg, was produced by multiple factorial discriminate analysis. Z < O is an indication of orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic index and discriminate function were both useful in determining which method to be chosen in treatment of anterior open bite. The discriminate function was tested to be more efficient than the diagnostic index.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Age changes in orthodontic treatment need: a longitudinal study of 10- and 13-year-old children, using the Dental Aesthetic Index.

The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to assess the prevalence of unmet orthodontic treatment need in 150 13-year-old schoolchildren in Dunedin, New Zealand, and to compare the findings with those obtained in the same children at 10 years of age. Fewer 13-year-olds (27%) had a "mandatory" need of orthodontic treatment than when they were 10 years old (33%), 20% had "no/little" need for orthodontic treatment, 33% had an "elective" need for treatment and 20% had a "desirable" need for treatment. The fall in DAI scores is attributed to over-sensitivity of the Index to mixed dentition traits. When the individual scores were analysed, only 7% of the 10-year-olds were given the same scores as when they were 13 years old, 52% were given higher scores and 41% were given lower scores. This disagreement between scores was masked to a limited extent by the DAI categories: 49% of the 10-year-olds were assigned to the same DAI category at 13 years of age, 20% to a greater treatment-need category and approximately 30% to a lower treatment-need category. The DAI, in common with other malocclusion indices, is unreliable over time because it is affected by developmental changes in the occlusal traits measured.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Pre-surgical orthodontic treatment of skeletal class II patients with gingival smile corrected by anterior maxillary segmental osteotomy].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the pre-surgical orthodontic treatment of skeletal class II patients with gingiva smile corrected by AMSO. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical features of 20 skeletal class II patients treated by AMSO combined with Orthodontic treatment and evaluated the effects of AMSO by means of cephalometric analysis. RESULTS: After the AMSO treatment, ANB angle, the height of anterior maxilla, the protrusion of the upper anterior teeth, and the of A point had reduced significantly (P < 0.05). After AMSO, the appearance of patients had been improved markedly. CONCLUSIONS: AMSO can correct the protrusion of the maxilla and gingival smie efficiently. The anchorage of molars should be controlled carefully. The anterior part of the upper arch should be expended orthodontically to make arch relationship. Extract the upper bicuspid half a year before the surgery was recommended. When necessary, genioplasty could be performed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Prevention of enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets bonded with resin-modified glass ionomer: an in vitro pH cycling study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the resin-modified glass ionomer cement for inhibition of enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets under a pH cycling experiment. METHODS: The study used 5 pairs of extracted human premolars. The experiment teeth were bonded with resin-modified glass ionomer, the control teeth were bonded with composite resin. All samples were under the pH cycling experiment each day for 60 days. Demineralization lesions of enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets were evaluated with polarized light microscopy. The depth and area of the lesion, and the distance between the edge of the adhesive on the enamel surface and the border of the lesion were measured. RESULTS: The depth and area of lesions of control were greater than those of experiment group were. Paired t test showed significant differences (p < 0.001). There was always a distance between the lesions border and the glass ionomer cement. In control group, all lesions were developed under the edge of composite resin. CONCLUSION: It was suggested that resin-modified glass ionomer may become an orthodontic bonding agent to minimize enamel demineralization.

Glass Ionomer Cements↗