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PubMed2003

Occupation choices of adults with and without symptoms of dyslexia.

People with the learning disability developmental dyslexia characteristically have difficulties in processing written language. There is some evidence that they may also have talents in other areas such as visuospatial processing. This pattern of strengths and weaknesses may predispose people who have dyslexia towards adopting certain occupations and away from others. Although there is literature on career choice in learning disabled adults in general, relatively little work has been done specifically for dyslexia. We therefore compared the occupations of adults with and without symptoms of developmental dyslexia. Results were analysed using non-parametric statistics and are illustrated with a case study. We found significant differences in the distribution of our samples. Adults with symptoms of dyslexia were much less likely than adults not reporting such symptoms to be involved in professions such as science/computing, management and finance. They were more likely to be involved in people-oriented professions such as nursing or sales. While preliminary, these results suggest that people with dyslexia may indeed show significantly different patterns of occupation choice.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Expanding occupational and environmental health nurse resources. Using community projects to inspire volunteerism.

1. Community involvement is becoming a natural extension of health and wellness services. Participation by occupational and environmental health nurses in community initiatives provides personal satisfaction, improves chapter cohesion, and increases visibility for the profession. 2. Variety in community projects enhances participation by appealing to the diversified interests and time constraints of members. 3. Volunteerism appeals to the basic beliefs of nurses helping to reach beyond individual health and wellness and target global issues.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed1981

The influence of race, religion, occupation and other social factors on cigarette smoking in New Zealand.

97% of the New Zealand population 15 years and over (2.1 million persons) responded to a question on cigarette smoking in the 1976 population census. 38% of New Zealand men and 30% of women other than Maoris or Pacific Islanders were cigarette smokers. 56% of Maori men and 59% of Maori women smoked regularly; the corresponding figures for Pacific Islanders, a relatively recent migrant population, were 46% and 24%. In all age groups more Maoris smoked than non-Maoris. More than two-thirds of Maori women aged 20-24 were smokers. Cigarette consumption rates were high; the men and over one third of the women smokers smoked more than 20 cigarette a day. Smoking was higher then expected among Roman Catholics and among those who objected to stating their religion. Those who were divorced or separated had smoking rates 38% to 56% higher than expected. Smoking was inversely related to the level of education attained. Those in the professions were least likely to be smokers (average 27%) whereas at least half those in labouring or unskilled occupations were smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

School-based practice: acquiring the knowledge and skills.

The purpose of this descriptive study is to investigate the perceptions of occupational therapists working in school-based settings regarding their level of preparation for practice. The Survey of School-Based Practice was mailed to 1,102 occupational therapists working in school-based practice (SBP) throughout the United States. The mailing was based on a random sampling of 20% of the School System Special Interest Section of the American Occupational Therapy Association. Results were based on 450 returned completed surveys representing a response rate of 41%. The results were analyzed according to the respondents years of experience in SBP, entry (less than 3 years), transitioning from another practice setting with less than 1 year in SBP, and experienced with 3 or more years experience in SBP. The results indicated the majority of occupational therapists perceive themselves to be poorly prepared for this practice area based on entry-level education alone. Statistically significant differences were seen between continuing education needs and level of experience in SBP. Continuing education and mentoring were most often listed by therapists as preparing them for SBP Implications for the profession are discussed.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2000

Lung function, biological monitoring, and biological effect monitoring of gemstone cutters exposed to beryls.

OBJECTIVES: Gemstone cutters are potentially exposed to various carcinogenic and fibrogenic metals such as chromium, nickel, aluminium, and beryllium, as well as to lead. Increased beryllium concentrations had been reported in the air of workplaces of beryl cutters in Idar-Oberstein, Germany. The aim of the survey was to study the excretion of beryllium in cutters and grinders with occupational exposure to beryls--for example, aquamarines and emeralds--to examine the prevalence of beryllium sensitisation with the beryllium lymphocyte transformation test (BeLT), to examine the prevalence of lung disease induced by beryllium, to describe the internal load of the respective metals relative to work process, and to screen for genotoxic effects in this particular profession. METHODS: In a cross sectional investigation, 57 out of 100 gemstone cutters working in 12 factories in Idar-Oberstein with occupational exposure to beryls underwent medical examinations, a chest radiograph, lung function testing (spirometry, airway resistance with the interrupter technique), and biological monitoring, including measurements of aluminium, chromium, and nickel in urine as well as lead in blood. Beryllium in urine was measured with a newly developed direct electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy technique with a measurement limit of 0.06 microgram/l. Also, cytogenetic tests (rates of micronuclei and sister chromatid exchange), and a BeLT were performed. Airborne concentrations of beryllium were measured in three factories. As no adequate local control group was available, the cutters were categorised into those with an exposure to beryls of > 4 hours/week (group A) and < or = 4 hours/week (group B). RESULTS: Clinical, radiological, or spirometric abnormalities indicating pneumoconiosis were detected in none of the gemstone cutters. Metal concentrations in biological material were far below the respective biological limit values, and beryllium in urine was only measurable in subjects of group A. Cytogenetic investigations showed normal values which were independent of the duration of beryllium exposure. In one subject, the BeLT was positive. Beryllium stimulation indices were significantly higher in subjects with detectable beryllium in the urine than in those with beryllium concentrations below the detection limit (p < 0.05). In one factory, two out of four measurements of airborne beryllium concentrations were well above the German threshold limit value of 2 micrograms/m3 (twofold and 10-fold), and all gemstone cutters working in this factory had measurable beryllium concentrations in urine. CONCLUSION: No adverse clinical health effects were found in this cross sectional investigation of gemstone cutters working with beryls. However, an improvement in workplace hygiene is recommended, accompanied by biological monitoring of beryllium in urine.

Adult↗