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Results for “Medical Informatics Computing”

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PubMed1994

A Tcl/Tk based graphical interface to medical and administrative information.

FELIX is an front-end application processor, with an open systems back-end, that provides a uniform and intuitive interface to clinical and administrative information. It consists of an information browser, three clinical applications, and three management applications. FELIX was developed in a community hospital environment, but has conceptual and technical roots in medical informatics and the Internet.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1989

Software engineering education in medical informatics.

Requirements and approaches of Software Engineering education in the field of Medical Informatics are described with respect to the impact of (1) experiences characterizing the "software misery", (2) status and tendencies in software methodology, and (3) educational status and needs in computer science education influenced by the controversy "theoretical versus practical education". Special attention is directed toward the growing importance of analysis, design methods, and techniques in the professional spectrum of Medical Informatics, the relevance of general principles of systems engineering in health care, the potential of non-procedural programming paradigms, and the intersection of Artificial Intelligence and education. Realizations of and experiences with programs in the field of Software Engineering are reported with respect to special requirements in Medical Informatics.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1995

Quality assurance in clinical neurophysiology: the ESTEEM project example.

This paper describes the current status of the utilisation of clinical practice guidelines (protocols) in the ESTEEM project as one form of the clinical quality assurance procedures considered in the project. The performance of electrodiagnostic studies, in terms of which types of conclusions need to be inferred during the examination plan, is briefly described. The main focus of the paper is a description of an European multicentre clinical audit in the field of Clinical Neurophysiology, using a common data-entry protocol for prospective EMG case collection and assessment with the ultimate objective of building up a multicentre reference database of EMG cases.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2000

The echocardiography laboratory in the informatic era.

This article overviews the latest progress in echocardiography in this informatic era. We will present new, different techniques available in clinical settings for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of global and regional left ventricular function, showing their helpfulness in clinical work. We will also report our personal experiences with 3-dimensional (3-D) echocardiography in quantification of left ventricular total mass and left-ventricular dysfunctional mass, and in evaluation of left-ventricular parietal stress. Finally, we will show how the organization of a modern echocardiography laboratory is changing after informatic progress: we will report our personal experiences about transmission of echocardiography data between 2 work stations, located in different places; in this way we can realize an informatic web, which can go out from the single echocardiography laboratories and move toward intradepartment and interdepartment services.

Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional↗
PubMed1998

Canopy computing: using the Web in clinical practice.

The rain forest canopy is a seamless web through which arboreal creatures efficiently move to reach the edible fruits without any attention to the individual trees. Individual health care computer systems are rich with patient data, but rather than a canopy linking all the trees in the forest, the data "fruit" come from a diverse forest of individual computer "trees"-laboratory systems, word processing systems, pharmacy systems, and the like. These different sources of patient information are difficult or impossible to reach by individual physicians, especially from their offices. The World Wide Web and other standardization technology provide physicians and their institutions the tools needed for seamless and secure access to their patients' data and to medical information, when and where they need it. We and others have adopted these tools to combine independent sources of clinical data. Physicians who assist in the purchase of clinical information systems should demand products in their practice settings that are Web enabled, use standard coding systems, and communicate with other computer systems via broadly accepted protocols.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed2000

Preventing "information overdose": developing information-literate practitioners.

The practice of medicine has been transformed by the convergence of a number of trends and developments. These include changes in the regulatory environment, scientific advances, the emergence of pressures for evidence-based medicine, advances in pharmaceutical knowledge and manufacture, and a shift in the nature of the patient/provider relationship. Many of these circumstances have been brought about or amplified by a variety of technological innovations. Collectively, these changes necessitate continuing--perhaps even continuous--learning and adaptation on the part of both new and established practitioners. At the heart of this need is the explosion of information and of information technologies, which shows little sign of abating. However, it is not simply the volume of information nor even its form that poses a challenge. It is also that outdated, incorrect, or unproven information is as accessible as correct, defensible, and reliable information. Therefore, doctors must be equipped not only with the ability to locate information but to evaluate its relevance and credibility. In short, they must be "information literate." Since both information and the technologies that give access to it are constantly expanding, a practitioner can never claim to be "information literate" in any absolute or final sense. It is a constantly evolving attribute and, alongside biomedical, clinical, pharmaceutical, legislative, and other domains, needs to form part of the provision of continuing education. Five propositions are advanced concerning this particular aspect of continuing medical education, and the article concludes by arguing that, in the same way that educating patients is the best defense against accidental overdose in the pharmaceutical sense, the best way to prevent "information overdose" is the education of practitioners.

Certification↗
PubMed2005

Software for tabular data protection.

In order for national statistical offices to maintain the trust of the public to collect data and publish statistics of importance to society and decision-making, it is imperative that respondents (persons or establishments) be guaranteed privacy and confidentiality in return for providing requested confidential data. Consequently, for most survey and census data, disclosure limitation techniques must be applied before the data are ready for public release. For microdata, examples of methods that can be used to identify respondents include directly extracting identifying information from microdata files or indirectly identifying respondents by matching a given file with an external file. For tabular data, respondents may be identified directly from small cell counts or respondent contributions to heavily concentrated cells of magnitude data may be closely approximated by the cell value. Indirect disclosure is possible in tables through manipulation of additive tabular relationships between cell values and totals, e.g. manipulating rows and column totals in a two-dimensional table. Two-dimensional statistical tables are a staple of official statistics. This paper describes a desktop software system that for the first time implements within a single framework four standard disclosure limitation techniques for protecting tabular data in two-dimensional tables: complementary cell suppression, minimum-distance controlled rounding, unbiased controlled rounding, and controlled rounding subject to subtotals constraints, and a fifth, new method: controlled tabular adjustment, and summarizes the five methods.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2005

[Legal aspects of health telematics].

Specific legal issues arise from the distance of the participants in health telematics. Substandard care not meeting the state of the art can yield malpractice litigation, especially if a diagnosis or therapy conveyed via telematics proves to be deficient. On the other hand, communication deficiencies may bring about a reversal of the burden of proof. If the patient's damage can not be attributed to the responsible person due to the division of labour, a joint liability is likely to be adjudicated. A specific legal risk analysis is required as a basis for a risk-adequate design of any application in health telematics.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2006

A suggested classification guide for PACS client applications: the five degrees of thickness.

This article defines and describes the numerous types of "clients" for picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). A radiologist uses a client to view images stored in the system. Many PACS are available in the market, and each offers different methods by which a client can view images from the server. The terminology used to describe these different methods can cause confusion and lead to poor choice for those imaging team members who are given the task of purchasing, implementing, and supporting the PACS. We propose a classification of clients with respect to their impact on client work stations, an effect often referred to as the application's thickness. The thinner the client, the less effect it has on the hosting work station. In contrast, a thick client consumes the work station's resources and often prevents a work station from being used to effectively run anything other than the client application. Functionality and supportability are highlighted as key and interacting metrics in determining optimal correct PACS solutions. The importance of a clear understanding of the needs and requirements of all users as well as the client application is emphasized. This relationship between supportability and functionality becomes increasingly important as the industry shifts to enterprise information technology solutions.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of the use of CD-ROM upload into the PACS or institutional web server.

PURPOSE: Patient data are increasingly distributed between hospitals using CD-ROMs instead of actual films. This introduces problems because different viewers from different vendors are provided, and sometimes viewers are unusable because local software installation is not allowed. In 2004, we started to facilitate the incorporation of CD-ROM data into the normal workflow of the hospital by using commercially available software to perform patient reconciliation based on the DICOM (digital imaging and communication in medicine) modality worklist. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate this new procedure. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A questionnaire was sent to all users to evaluate the satisfaction with the current facility and to evaluate possible improvements. Several quality parameters on speed and satisfaction were rated on a 5-point scale (1 = bad to 5 = excellent). RESULTS: Replies from 17 different respondents were evaluated, accounting for an average of 76 CD-ROMs per week. Mean (median) results showed a score of 3.6 (4) for handling time, 3.4 (4) for archival of second opinion data, 3.8 (median 4) for archival of external data onto the web server, and 4.5 (median 5) for the overall performance of the current procedure. CONCLUSION: Although some improvements can be made, storage of the study data from CDs from outpatients into PACS (picture archiving and communication system) and web server already provides for an existing need. Using this service, physicians can access the data with ease and familiarity. User satisfaction with the provided solution is high.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1991

Object-oriented design and programming in medical decision support.

The concept of object-oriented design and programming has recently received a great deal of attention from the software engineering community. This paper highlights the realisable benefits of using the object-oriented approach in the design and development of clinical decision support systems. These systems seek to build a computational model of some problem domain and therefore tend to be exploratory in nature. Conventional procedural design techniques do not support either the process of model building or rapid prototyping. The central concepts of the object-oriented paradigm are introduced, namely encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism, and their use illustrated in a case study, taken from the domain of breast histopathology. In particular, the dual roles of inheritance in object-oriented programming are examined, i.e., inheritance as a conceptual modelling tool and inheritance as a code reuse mechanism. It is argued that the use of the former is not entirely intuitive and may be difficult to incorporate into the design process. However, inheritance as a means of optimising code reuse offers substantial technical benefits.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Retrieval of clinical science information using an interactive activation and competition network.

A method for storing and retrieving tabulated clinical science information is described. This method uses the interactive activation and competition network and belongs to the realm of parallel distributed processing. The advantages of this method are that information is readily retrievable by name and by any content, and that the best matched information is automatically returned when partially incorrect cues are given. Furthermore, it allows a variable degree of association among different units of information. The basic principles of this method are illustrated through a simple example from clinical bacteriology. In addition an application of this method to the retrieval of information in cardiology is presented.

Algorithms↗