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At least 1,585 records · Page 88Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Use of local variations in trachoma endemicity in depicting interplay between socio-economic conditions and disease.

A trachoma prevalence survey was conducted in 1960-61 in Taiwan prior to the introduction of a large-scale treatment campaign. Marked local differences in endemicity of trachoma were encountered in neighbouring administrative areas (lin). Use is made of these local variations in depicting the interactions between socio-economical factors and endemicity of the disease.The study demonstrates the interaction between the socio-economic development of the household, on the one hand, and of the community of which the household forms a part, on the other. In a community of low trachoma endemicity, persons who do not share in the general socio-economic level of development nevertheless benefit from a low risk of infection, while in a community of high endemicity those in the upper socio-economic groups suffer from an enhanced risk of infection, though to an appreciably lesser extent than the general average for the community.The study indicates a possibility of an absence of association between various bio-physical environmental factors; for example, in a small community, better housing does not necessarily mean a better water supply. However, if any of the factors are considered, whether there is an implied pattern in the other factors or not, the most striking index of relative prevalence appears to be provided by the number of persons per unit (i.e., ping; about 3.3 m(2)) of sleeping area.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interplay of factors leading to adverse drug reactions in the liver, a personal viewpoint.

Adverse drug reactions in liver involve formation of a reactive metabolic intermediary of the drug, binding of the intermediary to macromolecules in the cell, notably proteins in the plasma membrane, immunological response to these altered proteins and attack against hepatocytes bearing these altered proteins by immune mechanisms. At each step in this complex process many factors act to enhance or depress drug metabolism, metabolite disposition, macromolecular binding, neoantigen formation, and the cell mediated and humoral immune attack. The extent and direction of each step may be dose dependent but the complexity of the overall mechanism is so immense that predictability of hepatic drug reactions is unlikely in most instances.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed1982

Central noradrenergic neurons: a locus for the functional interplay between alpha-2 adrenoceptors and opiate receptors.

The locus coeruleus (LC) contains the largest clusters of noradrenergic neurons in the brain. Single-cell recordings in rats show that LC neurons can be inhibited by clonidine acting via alpha-2 adrenoceptors; morphine and opiate peptides are also inhibitory but act via separate opiate receptors. During states of opiate withdrawal LC neurons become hyperactive; under these conditions clonidine can normalize activity via alpha-2 adrenoceptors even when opiate receptors are blocked. These single-cell studies provide a possible mechanism for the clinical efficacy of clonidine in relieving the signs and symptoms of opiate withdrawal in human addicts.

Animals↗